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	Amedeo Avogadro
		Born in a noble ancient family of Piedmont, Amedeo Avogadro was a brilliant student, he graduated in ecclesiastical law very young (20) and began to practice.
		The greatest difficulty Avogadro had to resolve was the huge confusion at that time regarding atoms and molecules – one of most important contributions of Avogadro's work was clearly distinguishing one from the other, admitting that simple particles too could be composed of molecules, and that these are composed of atoms.
		Avogadro held public posts in statistics, meteorology, and weights and measures (he introduced decimal metric system in Piedmont) and was a member of the Royal Superior Council on Public Instruction.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/am/Amedeo_Avogadro.html (819 words)

	Life of Amedeo Avogadro
		Count Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto (Turin August 9, 1776 Cerreto– July 9, 1856) - better known as Amedeo Avogadro -was an Italian scientist born in the Kingdom of Sardinia ad Piedmont, most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weight.
		The greatest difficulty Avogadro had to resolve was the huge confusion at that time regarding atoms and molecules – one of most important contributions of Avogadro's work was clearly distinguishing one from the other, admitting that simple particles too could be composed of molecules, and that these are composed of atoms.
		Avogadro was by this time a professor, and chairman, of physical chemistry at the University of Turin, but in Italy - far away from the major science centers of England, Germany, France or even Sweden.
	www.italytravelescape.com /amedeo_avogadro_life.htm (1084 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Amedeo Avogadro
		Count Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto (August 9, 1776–July 9, 1856) was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weight.
		Born in a noble ancient family of Piedmont, Avogadro was a brilliant student; he graduated in ecclesiastical law at a very young age (20) and began to practice.
		In honor of Avogadro's contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weights, the number of molecules in one mole was renamed Avogadro's number.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Amedeo_Avogadro (1023 words)

	Amedeo Avogadro
		Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, conte di Quaregna e di Cerreto, was born in Turin, Italy, on 9th August, 1776.
		In 1806, Avogadro was appointed demonstrator at the Academy of Turin, and in 1809 became professor of natural philosophy at the college of Vercelli.
		Avogadro suggested that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules, which became known as Avogadro's Principle.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Biographies/AvogadroBio.htm (678 words)

	Amedeo Avogadro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Count Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto (August 9, 1776–July 9, 1856) was an Italian chemist, most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weight.
		Avogadro's number (the number of molecules in one mole) is named in his honor, as is Avogadro's law.
		Loschmidt first calculated the Avogadro's number, now called Avogadro's constant, which in the German language countries is still sometimes referred to as the Loschmidt number (Loschmidt constant now has another meaning).
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Amedeo_Avogadro (974 words)

	History of Chemistry
		His family's business was the law, and Amedeo followed in his father's footsteps earning a doctorate of law in 1796 (He started college when he was only thirteen, graduated when he was sixteen and had his doctorate by the time he was twenty!).
		Avogadro's answer was pure genius; since the volume of water vapor formed was twice the volume of oxygen used to create it, the reacting "particles" of oxygen had to consist of two atoms of the element oxygen combined together into a single, compound structure, which he called a "molecule".
		From this effective reasoning Avogadro was able to see that the relative molecular weights of any set of gasses are the same as the ratio of the densities of those gasses under the same conditions of pressure and temperature.
	www.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bc/ahp/FonF/Avogadro.html (790 words)

	Amedeo Avogadro
		Avogadro's hypothesis, in conjunction with Gay-Lussac's law, should have allowed the molecular formulae and atomic weights of gases to be determined experimentally, but his paper attracted little attention because it was supported by so little experimental evidence.
		Avogadro also proposed that the simple gases, such as hydrogen and oxygen, might exist as molecules containing two atoms instead of one, a suggestion that seemed to conflict with the widely-accepted "indivisible" atomic theory of John Dalton.
		Avogadro's hypothesis has given rise to the concept of "gram-molecular weight" (a mass of a substance equal to its molecular weight expressed in grams), and to Avogadro's Number, which is the number of molecules contained by the gram-molecular weight of a substance.
	www.med.unipmn.it /avobio_uk.htm (506 words)

	Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		AVOGADRO, AMEDEO, CONTE DI QUAREGNA [Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna], 1776-1856, Italian physicist, b.
		In 1811 he advanced the hypothesis, since known as Avogadro's law, that equal volumes of gases under identical conditions of pressure and temperature contain the same number of molecules.
		Avogadro's hypothesis, though not accepted for some fifty years after its introduction, is now one of the fundamental concepts of the atomic theory of matter.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-avogada.html (170 words)

	Home page of Avogadro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His father was a distinguished lawyer and civil servant, becoming a senator of Piedmont in 1768, and was appointed advocate general to the senate of Vittorio Amedeo III in 1777.
		The reason for the earlier neglect of Avogadro's work was probably the deeply rooted conviction that chemical combination occurred by virtue of an affinity between unlike elements.
		It must be emphasised that Avogadro, of course, had no knowledge of moles, or of the number that was to bear his name.
	www.bulldog.u-net.com /avogadro/avoga.html (1420 words)

	Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Amedeo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto nacque a Torino il 9 agosto 1776; ivi morì il 9 luglio 1856.
		Amedeo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto was born in 9 Turin on 9th August 1776; he died there on 9th July 1856.
		Up to thirty years old Amedeo Avogadro was guided towards establishing a successful legal career; then he showed interest in the academic and scientific field.
	www.unipmn.it /avogadro.php (377 words)

	Avogadro
		Avogadro’s hypothesis was key to solving many problems facing the chemical sciences in the 1800s.
		Avogadro was born in Turin, Italy, in 1776
		Avogadro was born on 9 August 1776 in Turin, being generously named Lorenzo Romano Carlo Avogadro di Quaregua di Cerreto.
	www.rsc.org /chemistryworld/Issues/2006/March/Avogadro.asp (2207 words)

	BioEd Online Slides: Avogadro, solutions, mole, formulas, Avogadro
		Avogadroâs formal education was in law, and in fact, he had a successful legal career.
		Avogadro further suggested that at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules.
		Avogadroâs number currently is based upon the definition of atomic mass, the atomic number for carbon, and the SI unit for mass.
	www.bioedonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=Avogadro (469 words)

	Amedeo Avogadro Biography \| World of Physics
		Avogadro was born in Turin, Italy, on August 9, 1776, the son of Count Filippo Avogadro and Anna Maria Vercellone.
		Count Avogadro was a lawyer, civil servant, and senator for the state of Piedmont.
		Amedeo followed his father into the law and received his doctorate in ecclesiastical law in 1796.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/amedeo-avogadro-wop (769 words)

	Avogadro's Law
		A principle stated in 1811 by the Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856) that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties.
		Avogadro's number is one of the fundamental constants of chemistry.
		Avogadro's number (conventionally represented by N' in chemical calculations) is now considered to be the number of atoms present in 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope (one mole of carbon 12) and can be applied to any type of chemical entity.
	www.chemistry.co.nz /avogadro.htm (202 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Avogadro's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Avogadro's number AVOGADRO'S NUMBER [Avogadro's number] ävÅgä´drÅ [for Amedeo Avogadro ], number of particles contained in one mole of any substance; it is equal to 602,252,000,000,000,000,000,000, or in scientific notation, 6.02252×10 23.
		Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna AVOGADRO, AMEDEO, CONTE DI QUAREGNA [Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna], 1776-1856, Italian physicist, b.
		The molecular weight may be calculated from the molecular formula of the substance; it is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms making up the molecule.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Avogadro's (537 words)

	Avogadro, Amedeo (1776-1856) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Amedeo Avogadro was the Italian scientist who helped found physical chemistry and is best known for the hypothesis which bears his name.
		Avogadro was trained as a lawyer and became interested in mathematics and physics after private tuition in 1800.
		Avogadro received little recognition for his contribution to science, although he is now well remembered for the constant named after him which gives the number of molecules per mole of a substance
	www.rdg.ac.uk /physicsnet/units/flap/glossary/biogs/bavogadr.htm (192 words)

	AMEDEO AVOGADRO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Avogadro’s hypothesis, in conjunction with Gay-Lussac’s law should have allowed the molecular formulae and atomic weight of gases to be determined experimentally, but Avogadro’s paper on this subject attracted very little attention, since it was supported by so little experimental evidence.
		The Avogadro constant is a huge number, and one may ask, “how was it ever derived?” It can be determined from X-Ray diffraction studies.
		The Avogadro constant, L, = volume of one mole of atoms/volume of one atom.
	www.stormpages.com /aboutchemists/avogadro.html (962 words)

	Amedeo Avogadro Biography (Physicist) — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro put forth the hypothesis that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of pressure and temperature contain the same number of particles.
		Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna - Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna, 1776–1856, Italian physicist, b.
		Avogadro's number - Avogadro's number [for Amedeo Avogadro], number of particles contained in one mole of any...
	www.infoplease.com /biography/var/amedeoavogadro.html (294 words)

	Avogadro's hypotheses: Teaching notes
		Notes: Amedeo Avogadro's (1776-1856) principal contribution to chemistry was a paper in which he advanced two hypotheses: (1) that equal volumes of gas contain equal numbers of molecules and (2) that elementary gases such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen were composed of two atoms.
		Avogadro's famous paper was an attempt to reconcile Dalton's atomic hypothesis with Gay-Lussac's results on combining volumes.
		Avogadro was right, but it would take about 50 years and the clear exposition of Cannizzaro before the chemical world realized it.
	web.lemoyne.edu /~giunta/classicalcs/avogadronote.html (560 words)

	Amadeo Avogadro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, conte di Quarequa e di Cerreto (1776 - 1856), was born in Turin, Italy, on 9th August, 1776.
		Avogadro had succeeded to his father's title in 1787.
		Avogadro led an industrious life, and was a modest man, working in isolation.
	www.scu.edu.au /schools/edu/student_pages/1999/TPRIEST/Avogadro.html (324 words)

	Amedeo Avogadro
		Avogadro also astutely reasoned that simple gases were not formed of solitary atoms but were instead compound molecules of two or more atoms.
		In addition, Avogadro was not part of an active community of chemists: the Italy of his day was far from the centers of chemistry in France, Germany, England, and Sweden, where Berzelius was based.
		Avogadro succeeded to his father's title, earned degrees in law, and began to practice as an ecclesiastical lawyer.
	www.chemheritage.org /classroom/chemach/periodic/avogadro.html (430 words)

	Avogadro`s life (1776-1856)
		Amedeo Avogadro came from a family with many lawyers so he was guided forward to a legal career too.
		Avogadro was appointed the very first chair of mathematical physics in Italy in 1820, but shortly after the political changes suppressed the chair and Avogadro was out of job by July 1822.
		Avogadro meant that the "atoms" of nitrogen and oxygen in the reality are "molecules" that contain two molecules.
	home.c2i.net /greaker/comenius/greaker9900/avogadro/avogadro.htm (1130 words)

	Avogadro's Number (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This number is frequently referred to as "Avogadro's Number," the term "Loschmidt's Number" being then reserved for the number of molecules in a cubic centimetre of a gas under standard conditions.
		Avogadro's important hypothesis on the identity of the numbers of molecules in equal volumes of different gases at the same pressure and temperature was formulated in 1811, and is appropriately associated with his name; but Avogadro made no quantitative estimate of either of the above-mentioned constants.
		The first actual estimate of the number of molecules in one cubic centimetre of a gas under standard conditions was made in 1865 by Loschmidt, and from this the number of molecules (atoms) in a gram molecule (atom) was later evaluated.
	gemini.tntech.edu /~tfurtsch/scihist/avogadro.htm (962 words)

	Biografia di Amedeo Avogadro
		Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro nacque da Filippo, conte di Quaregna e Cerreto, alto magistrato e poi senatore del regno di Sardegna.
		Avogadro ebbe il titolo di professore emerito ed una modesta pensione.
		Tra altri incarichi pubblici, Avogadro fu presidente della Commissione pesi e misure nella cui veste ebbe il merito di introdurre il sistema metrico decimale in Piemonte.
	www.med.unipmn.it /avobio.htm (301 words)

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