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| | Bibliography:The Arab Middle East |
 | | Badawi, Muhammad Mustafa., Modern Arabic literature and the West, London, Ithaca Press for the Board of the Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, 1985. |
 | | Dabashi, Hamid, Authority in Islam: From the Rise of Muhammad to the Establishment of the Umayyads, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers Univ, 1989. |
 | | Muhammad, al-Hajj., The house of Si Abd Allah : the oral history of a Moroccan family, New Haven, Conn, Yale University Press, 1984. |
| www.mideastweb.org /arabsbib.htm (6263 words) |
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