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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/American Mutoscope and Biograph Company
		It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over three thousand short films and twelve feature films.
		When the Biograph Company fell on financial hard times, the studio facilites were acquired by one of Biograph Company's creditors, the Empire Trust Company, although Biograph Company continued to manage the studio Herbert Yates acquired the Biograph Company Studios and Film laboratory facilities in 1928.
		Biograph Studios in the Bronx was made a subsidiary of his Consolidated Film Industries in 1928.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/American_Biograph_Company (1398 words)

	BIOGRAPH The oldest movie company in America - Motion Pictures and Entertainment - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		AMERICAN MUTOSCOPE AND BIOGRAPH CO. is the oldest movie company in America, established in 1895.
		Daniel was the son of Harry Marvin, co-founder of American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
		Rare Biograph films of the Titanic, and the story of Biograph Company's Daniel and Mary Marvin, and their journey aboard the ill-fated liner.
	www.biographcompany.com /home.htm (554 words)

	blog.myspace.com/biograph
		D.W. Griffith at THE AMERICAN MUTOSCOPE & BIOGRAPH COMPANY 1908 - 1913
		The company was producing a good number of Mutoscopes, which were a variation of the Edison Kinescopes (flip card machines) and in a burst of overt optimism had begun producing moving pictures, called Biographs, as well.
		Biograph resisted the pressure to make known the names of those associated with their film presentations, but public and exhibitor inquiries finally prompted Marvin and Kennedy to give Florence the title of THE BIOGRAPH GIRL, but this was to be as far as they would retreat.
	blog.myspace.com /index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendID=113155761&blogID=176405657 (10059 words)

	D. W. Griffith
		David Lewelyn Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 - July 23, 1948) was an American film director (commonly known as D. Griffith) probably best known for his film The Birth of a Nation.
		Between 1907 and 1913 (the years he directed for the American Biograph Company), Griffith produced an astounding 450 short films.
		He was honored on a 10-cent postage stamp by the United States issued May 5, 1975.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/dw/DwGriffith.html (370 words)

	Movie Timeline: 1890 - 1899
		Using the newly discovered "Latham Loop" in their camera, the Lambda Company is able to film an eight minute prize fight between Young Griffo and Charles Barnett (4 rounds of a minute and a half each, with a minute rest between rounds) on one continuous reel of film without interruption.
		The American Mutoscope Company (later renamed the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company and frequently called the "Biograph Company"), marketing their own films and their new biograph projector, becomes the foremost motion picture company in the U.S. In Paris a catastrophic fire breaks out at the Bazar de la Charité's temporary cinema killing 121 people.
		Biograph signs a contract with the Orpheum vaudeville circuit establishing a nationwide exhibition network for its films.
	www.pictureshowman.com /timeline_1890_1899.cfm (1803 words)

	BIOGRAPH The oldest movie company in America Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		• Biograph signs the White House as one of their clients and is the first studio to record films of a living president, William McKinley.
		Biograph reissues all of its well known films to theaters around the world and ceases work on any new productions.
		To date, Biograph is in post production with the Rascals DVD hosted by the late Tommy Bond, and in pre-production with the RMS Titanic, and the feature film "America's Sweetheart" the life of actress Mary Pickford.
	www.biographcompany.com /history/timeline.html (951 words)

	Edison: The Invention of the Movies
		Since Biograph films were shot on a different (68mm) format, their pictures could not be shown on regular 35mm projectorsproviding the Edison with an attractive commercial opportunity.
		American sympathies for the Boers were surprisingly strong, and in this film the camera takes their point of view.
		This, the first blockbuster in American film history, was part of a popular cycle of crime pictures that included the 1903 British releases A Daring Daylight Burglary (Sheffield Photo Co.) and Desperate Poaching Affray (Haggar and Sons).
	www.kino.com /edison/d1.html (8644 words)

	American Mutoscope and Biograph Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With the increased reliance on narrative films, Biograph moved in 1903 from its rooftop studio on Broadway to a converted brownstone mansion on East 14th Street in Manhattan, its first indoor studio, and the first movie studio in the world to rely exclusively on artificial light.
		Biograph contracted with the theatrical firm of Klaw and Erlanger in 1913 to produce movie versions of the latter’s plays.
		Hammer, Biograph's general manager going back to its Griffith days, donated what remained of Biograph's film collection to the Museum of Modern Art in 1939, around the time Biograph's Bronx studio was closed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Mutoscope_and_Biograph_Company (1870 words)

	Edison: The Invention of the Movies
		Biograph was then producing a series of popular story films, which it used as exclusives for its exhibition circuits.
		President Roosevelt, who had just won reelection, believed Americans had to lead "the strenuous life" (it was the title of one of his books) if the United States was to retain its position of world leadership.
		Meanwhile, other film companies were not only increasing their output, they were introducing important changes in their methods of storytelling.
	www.kino.com /edison/d2.html (3411 words)

	ArriveNet : Company : Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company is the oldest movie company in America, being established in 1895 at the dawn of a new century.
		The name "Biograph" can be found in almost every encyclopedia and book on the motion picture industry, and was the company to invent the "Syntax" of filmmaking.
		It was the first company to be contracted by the White House in 1900, the first to film the Pope at the Vatican and to make the first movie in Hollywood in 1910 which turned Hollywood from a small farming town to the movie and entertainment capital of the world.
	press.arrivenet.com /profile.php/Company/744.html (236 words)

	Guide to Motion Picture Catalogs - The Edison Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Emergence of Biograph and its Rivalry with Edison
		Competition between the Edison Company and the Biograph Company (as the Edison Manufacturing Company and the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company were generally called) did much to shape the American film industry between 1898 and 1909.
		Several companies that had sold magic lantern equipment and slides in the early 1890s enlarged their catalogs with advertising for motion picture equipment and films.
	edison.rutgers.edu /mopix/biograph.htm (1104 words)

	America at Work and Play Early Silent Film Collection at USHistoricalArchive.com
		The action must have been a drill or rehearsal as the street is lined with people awaiting the arrival of the three pumpers, the two hook-and-ladder wagons, and the four personnel wagons that made up the contingent of fire equipment.
		SUMMARY The subjects seen by the camera are a portion of a large building with columns in front that indicates it is a government building and three small shuttle streetcars across the street from the camera position.
		SUMMARY In the center of a town square, a company of uniformed policemen equipped with nightsticks is standing at attention.
	www.ushistoricalarchive.com /cds/americansatworkandplay.html (9446 words)

	MovieMaker Magazine \| Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Biograph signs the White House as one of their clients and is the first studio to record films of a living president, William McKinley.
		Biograph again signs the White House as a client, this time to film Theodore Roosevelt's presidential appearances.
		Biograph signs the first African-American producer-director, vaudevillian Bert Williams, who is given unprecedented control over his films—and even acts in them.
	www.moviemaker.com /magazine/editorial.php?id=86 (832 words)

	The Spanish-American War in Motion Pictures
		The films of the Spanish-American War in the Library of Congress' collections are from two companies, the Edison Manufacturing Company and the American Mutoscope & Biograph Company, both of which played a prominent role in filming subjects related to the war.
		Although the cause of the explosion was unknown, the American public soon became consumed with "war fever," blaming the Spanish in Cuba for the attack.
		The Edison Manufacturing Co. was determined not to let Biograph dominate the market for films of this fast-approaching war and hired William Paley, an independent cameraman, as a licensee to cover the Cuban crisis.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/sawhtml/sawsp2.html (841 words)

	American Experience \| Mary Pickford \| People & Events \| PBS
		By 1897 he found himself defending his work against his chief rival, the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, whose products were engineered differently than Edison's and merited their own patents.
		Competition between the companies grew so fierce that it was draining the major players' resources and distracting them from their businesses.
		Edison, Biograph, Vitagraph and several other companies finally decided to join efforts, and in 1908 the Motion Picture Patents Company was formed.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/pickford/peopleevents/e_business.html (1081 words)

	The Magic Introduction Company - The Lampworks
		While there is not much information on The Magic Introduction Company per se, there is considerable documentation about the later incarnations of that company: the American Mutoscope Company, formed on December 27th 1895, which later became American Mutoscope & Biograph Company.
		While I will not go to much detail on the company, it is clear that this firm was one of the forerunners in American cinematography, pioneering camera equipment, lighting techniques and creative expression.
		This invention relates to that class of lamps or lighting devices which are designed to be carried in the pocket, and may be used for lighting cigars, lamps, gas-burners, and many other similar purposes...
	www.thelampworks.com /lw_companies_magic.htm (800 words)

	Wallace McCutcheon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tom, Tom, the Piper's Son (April 1905), one of the final Biographs of McCutcheon's first stretch with the company, is a striking and strange combination of multiplicitous businesses occurring in different fields of the frame -- multiple viewings reveal more detail each time.
		The quality of Biograph films, however, went into a tailspin with McCutcheon's departure, and by late 1907, he was back at his old job.
		With D.W. Griffith as director, Biograph became the top American producer of motion pictures in terms of popularity, and Griffith proceeded to undertake the next critical phase of artistic development in American cinema.
	www.djangomusic.com /actor_bio.asp?pid=P353622 (808 words)

	Moving Pictures: American Art and Early Film, 1880-1910 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		American art and the new medium of film at the beginning of the 20th century.
		The films are drawn primarily from the Edison, Lumière, and American Mutoscope and Biograph companies; the paintings are by American masters such as George Bellows, Thomas Eakins, Childe Hassam, Maurice Prendergast, William Merritt Chase, George Luks, and John Sloan.
		The Williams College Museum of Art invites the public to a free, turn of the 20th-century-style, all American festival to be held outdoors in the museum courtyard on July 16, 2005 from 4:00-8:00 pm.
	www.tfaoi.com /aa/5aa/5aa299.htm (1249 words)

	NWHM Biographies
		Although most people at American Biograph Company, the production company with which she signed, received five dollars a day for acting in such films, Pickford demanded ten dollars, and received it.
		After making eighty films with Biograph, Pickford made thirty-five films with Carl Laemmie’s IMP Company, during which time she was named in the credits of her films and gained great fame.
		She returned to Biograph, earning more money than ever and gained the freedom to collaborate with D.W. Griffith on the script and direction of the films.
	www.nmwh.org /Education/biography_mpickford.html (785 words)

	Great Relationships - page 1
		A sturdy son of German immigrants, the ex-silversmith had begun work in 1894 as a mechanic-electrician at The Magic Introduction Company, forerunner of the American Biograph Company.
		It is arguable, however, that Griffith was the finest director of his era, utilizing the most sophisticated methods of filmmaking with the best results, and Bitzer was the perfect man to bring his ideas to life.
		The starkly realistic American Madness (1932), a story of a bank run during the Depression (which was then at its worst point) gave Walter Huston his finest characterization to date.
	www.theasc.com /protect/nov98/collab/pg1.htm (2311 words)

	D.W. Griffith at The Biograph Company
		Discussions and arguments over the film would range from the corridors of the Congress on down to the lowest of saloons in America, eventually to reach all over the world as the celluloid images of THE BIRTH proved to be both a stimulant and an intoxicant for all who experienced it.
		He felt degraded by motion pictures and therefore sought to raise the level of the medium by breaking all of the conventions and existing practices of filmmaking as they then existed.
		He was born in Crestwood, Kentucky, on January 22, 1815, the son of Jacob Wark Griffith, a former colonel in the Army of the Confederacy.
	www.tvdays.com /biograph.htm (790 words)

	Naughty films, Prissy Art - artnet Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The focus is on American art between 1880 and 1910 and its relation to early film clips of the same years, many of them made by Edison Manufacturing Company.
		The question underlying the exhibition is whether the juxtaposition of late-19th-century American art and early Edison short films looped into repetitive scenes raises the stakes of American art of that period, and whether the new mechanical medium is -- was -- art.
		The Summer Girl, a film by the American Mutoscope and Biograph company of 1899, is typical of the new film mode in which naughty girls dressed in long ample white dresses ever so briefly lift their skirt to display fl stockings or bare legs.
	www.artnet.com /magazineus/reviews/cone/cone10-24-06.asp (1011 words)

	American Masters . D.W. Griffith \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During his five years at Biograph, Griffith took the raw elements of moviemaking as they had evolved up to that time -- lighting, continuity, editing, acting -- and wrought a medium of extraordinary power and nuance.
		The company, United Artists, brought Griffith together with the three greatest performers of the day; Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin, and Mary Pickford.
		In the wake of his death and the coming of age of the movie industry, D.W. Griffith has taken his place in American cultural history as one of the greatest filmmakers of all time.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/americanmasters/database/griffith_d.html (784 words)

	Films of Spanish-American War Go On-Line
		A not widely known fact relating to the war is that it is the first U.S. war in which the motion picture camera played a role.
		In a new on-line collection from the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress, "The Spanish-American War in Motion Pictures" offers 52 films made by the Edison Manufacturing Company and the American Mutoscope & Biograph Company.
		American Memory is a project of the National Digital Library Program of the Library of Congress, which is aiming to make available over the Internet millions of the Library's unique American history collections.
	www.loc.gov /today/pr/1998/98-029.html (434 words)

	68 Rare Films Clips from Spanish American War at USHistoricalArchive.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The picture shows many of the companies reduced to seven or eight men, and the whole regiment, rank and file is in a sad condition.
		Then come the soldiers, file after file and company after company; filling the broad avenue from curb to curb and as far as the eye can reach with marching men.
		To begin with, the film is unusually fine photographically, and the picture is taken from a point of view which shows the immense distances of Camp Wikoff with its multitude of tents in the background.
	www.ushistoricalarchive.com /cds/spanishamericanfilms.html (4701 words)

	Vaudeville Movies!
		Alan Trachtenberg writes of the "American fascination with the machine" in both "its Promethean" and "demonic aspect" during the Gilded Age.
		As technology improved and the American public's taste for movies grew, Bigtime vaudeville faced greater competition and by the 1920's few theatres could afford to present bills of straight vaudeville.
		However, in the infancy of the moving pictures, vaudeville was still king and early film makers used vaudeville performers and routines as the subjects of countless short films.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~ma02/easton/vaudeville/movies.html (713 words)

	WCMA
		Celebrate the opening of the exhibition “Moving Pictures” with an all-American country fair to be held on the museum lawn.
		The moving pictures on view are drawn primarily from the Edison, Lumière, and American Mutoscope and Biograph companies while the paintings are by such artists as Thomas Eakins, George Luks, John Sloan, and George Bellows.
		The Williams College Museum of Art is a proud participant of "American Traditions." In the Berkshires' largest-ever event of its kind, cultural, arts and historical venues countywide present an array of programming based on America's rich and varied heritage.
	www.wcma.org /exhibitions/05/0705_Moving_Pictures.shtml (333 words)

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