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Topic: American Bison

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	American Bison
		The history of American Bison has shown both the tragedy of overexploitation and the miracles that can occur when conservation efforts are created.
		Bison are the largest land mammals found in North America since the end of the Ice Age, reaching lengths up to 10 feet and shoulder lengths up to 6 feet.
		Bison are grazers, and their diet consists of various grasses and sedges, and will sometimes feed on berries and lichens.
	www.wildlifedepartment.com /americanbison.htm (665 words)

	American Bison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bison were a keystone species, whose grazing pressure was a force that shaped the ecology of the Great Plains as strongly as periodic prairie fires and which were central to the lifestyle of Native Americans of the Great Plains.
		Bison were hunted almost to extinction in the 19th century and were reduced to a few hundred head by the mid-1880s, from which all the present day's managed herds are descended.
		Bison meat is lower in fat and cholesterol than beef which has led to the development of beefalo, a fertile cross-breed of bison and domestic cattle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Bison (3275 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: American bison
		Bison were hunted almost to extinction in the 19th century; as few as 750 bison existed in 1890.
		The bison is a symbol of Manitoba, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the University of Colorado, Marshall University, and North Dakota State University, and was depicted on the reverse side of the U.S. buffalo nickel" from 1913 to 1938.
		Bison were hunted almost to extinction in the 19th century and were reduced to a few hundred individuals by the mid-1880s, from which all the present day's managed herds are descended.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/American-bison (1101 words)

	Bison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bison is a taxonomic genus containing six species of large even-toed ungulates within the subfamily Bovinae.
		Only two of these species still exist: the American Bison, which is the species commonly referred to as "buffalo" in American Western mythology, and the European Bison, or Wisent.
		The American and European Bison are the largest terrestrial mammals in North America and Europe, respectively.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bison (193 words)

	American Bison
		Bison live from 12 to 15 years in the wild, and can be found living in the plains, prairies, river valleys, and in forests.
		Bison are dangerous mammals and should be observed in the wild at a distance of at least 100 yards.
		Bison were shot for their valuable hides and for their meat which was a hot commodity for railroad workers.
	www2.canisius.edu /~noonan/cac2004_prairie/bison.htm (1622 words)

	American Bison
		Bison are commonly found grazing in mixed-grass prairie, however they are also found in short and tallgrass prairie.
		The American bison population is estimated to have been between 30 and 60 million in 1830.
		Bison were hunted to near extinction by settlers for sport, hides, meat and to destroy the food supply of Native Americans.
	www.angelfire.com /il2/zoo1/bison.html (310 words)

	BUFFALO / BISON
		Bison once roamed from Canada to Mexico, grazing the great plains and frequenting the mountain areas of the North American continent.
		Bison meat is an alternative to beef considering the U.S. Department of Agriculture reports that 124,000 cattle are slaughtered each day and there are only 150,000 head of bison in all public and private herds in the United States.
		Its closest relative is the European Bison or Wisent and the Canadian Woods Bison, not the buffalo of Asia or Africa, such as the Cape Buffalo or Water Buffalo.
	www.americanwest.com /critters/buffindx.htm (2455 words)

	Theodore Roosevelt National Park Buffalo or Bison
		Bison bison, is the largest mammal on the North American continent.
		The ancestors of the American bison have been traced by their fossilized bones and are thought to have originated in southern Asia during the Pliocene epoch, some 400,000 years ago.
		A bison cow is similar in appearance to the bull, but is smaller in size, weighing up to 1100 pounds and reaching a height of four to five-and-a-half feet at the shoulder.
	www.nps.gov /thro/tr_buffs.htm (1010 words)

	Cookbook:Bison - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		The American buffalo is not a true buffalo, it belongs to the bovine family along with domestic cattle.
		Bison differs from beef by having a deeper red color before cooking because there is no marbling (white flecks of fat within the meat muscle).
		Bison is much leaner that beef, having a total fat content of about 2 percent, compaired to 15 - 20 percent for beef.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Cookbook:American_Bison (534 words)

	American Bison in Kansas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		American bison, or "buffalo," are the heaviest land mammal native to North America.
		Bison frequently wallowed in dusty or muddy spots to shed hair and rid themselves of insect and parasite pests.
		Bison are grazers feeding on a variety of grasses and forbs.
	www.gpnc.org /ambison.htm (205 words)

	American Bison
		For the most part however, the bison were left to rot where they fell, and soon it was possible to spot the path of the railways from quite a long way off thanks to the double bank of decomposing bison remains - one on each side of the tracks.
		Bison have poor eyesight but good hearing and sense of smell, so they group together in herds, as a means of defence against wolves.
		If attacked, bison will either run, or if this is not possible, surround their young, forming a defensive circle, with the bulls on the outside and the females and young in the middle.
	www.yptenc.org.uk /docs/factsheets/animal_facts/american_bison.html (965 words)

	Wildlife Notebook Series: American Bison - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		American bison (Bison bison), which shaped the lifestyle of the Plains Indians and figured prominently in American history before they were brought to near extinction, were transplanted to Alaska from Montana in 1928.
		While bison were the most common large land mammal in Alaska thousands of years ago, all of Alaska's existing wild bison came from 20 animals released near Delta Junction.
		Bison are frequently visible throughout the summer at an overlook near Mile 242 on the Richardson Highway.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/biggame/bison.php (813 words)

	Bison and Pronghorn Diorama \| History of the Plains Bison \| American Museum of Natural History
		Though many more bison could be killed by mounted and armed hunters, the overall bison population was likely not threatened by Indian's hunting for their own needs.
		Bison hunting was also justified by some as a way to aid the U.S. government's struggle against the Plains Indian tribes by destroying their primary food source.
		In 1905 the American Bison Society was formed for this purpose with Hornaday as its president and Theodore Roosevelt as Honorary President.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/virtual/bison/history.php (573 words)

	Pueblo Zoo American Bison Page
		American Bison are grazers, primarily eating grasses, sedges, shrubs and willows.
		Bison are ruminants (cud chewers) and belong to the same family as cattle, sheep, and goats.
		The greatest impact on the bison came from man. Bison were killed for their hides, as food for railroad workers, or for sport.
	www.pueblozoo.org /archives/jun99/feature.htm (726 words)

	American bison
		Grooming is a surprisingly frequent activity among bison, with animals rubbing themselves on trees until all of the bark has been torn off, and the trunk left smooth.
		Unlike the native Americans, who had traditionally hunted the bison for food, tools, and their hides, the European's slaughter was primarily for sport, with people shooting from the newly built railway, seeing how many they could kill in a day.
		With fortuitous foresight, the American Bison Society was formed in 1905 to secure the survival of this species.
	www.ultimateungulate.com /Artiodactyla/Bison_bison.html (1231 words)

	American Bison
		Although the bison's senses of smell and hearing are sharp, its vision is poor.
		Since bison often do not recognize danger until it is too late to flee, the females will surround their young and the bulls will surround the females, shielding them from their attackers.
		In 1905, the American Bison Society was formed to preserve the relatively few remaining animals.
	wonderclub.com /Wildlife/mammals/americanbison.html (591 words)

	WWF \| Northern Great Plains \| American Prairie Restoration Project \| American Bison
		The U.S. Mint is reintroducing the American bison nickel into circulation this week; World Wildlife Fund is working on a noteworthy bison reintroduction of its own -- to the Northern Great Plains -- the outcome of which is a matter of even greater national interest.
		Bison restoration has become particularly urgent because recent research reveals that only about a half dozen genetically pure herds of plains bison remain in North America (the rest are contaminated with cattle genes).
		Working with the American Prairie Foundation and in cooperation with state and federal agencies, WWF is reintroducing a genetically pure herd of bison in northeast Montana.
	worldwildlife.org /wildplaces/ngp/projects/bison_nickel.cfm?enews=enews0305PMwork (333 words)

	American Bison
		The American bison is the heaviest land mammal in North America.
		Shooting bison for their hides was a favorite frontier sport in the 19th century.
		The Montana Department of Livestock fears the contamination of cattle by bison carrying the disease brucellosis, although there are no known cases of brucellosis passed by bison to domestic cattle in the wild.
	www.npca.org /wildlife_protection/wildlife_facts/bison.html (267 words)

	The Missouri Bison Association is a membership organization dedicated to the preservation of the American Bison.
		The Missouri Bison Association is a membership organization dedicated to the preservation of the American Bison.
		The Missouri Bison Association is a membership organization dedicated to the preservation, expansion, and promotion of the American Bison and the bison industry in Missouri.
		Bison meat is a dense meat and tends to satisfy you more while eating less.
	www.mobisonassoc.org (557 words)

	Yellowstone National Park's Wildlife: Bison
		Bison mate from July through early August, and the calves are born in April and May. During the spring and early summer, new-born calves can often be viewed in the Firehole area and Lamar Valley.
		Due to the management removals and winter-kill, the Yellowstone bison population in March of 1997 was estimated to be approximately 1,200 to 1,500 animals.
		Bison are almost always on the move and are seen in different areas during different seasons.
	www.yellowstone.net /wildlife/bison.htm (836 words)

	Defenders of Wildlife - Bison Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A symbol of the wild west, the American bison is the heaviest land mammal in North America.
		Bison are 5 to 6½ feet long and weigh 900 to 2,200 pounds.
		The Montana Department of Agriculture fears the contamination of cattle by bison carrying the disease brucellosis, although there are no known cases of brucellosis passed by bison to domestic cattle in the wild.
	www.kidsplanet.org /factsheets/bison.html (309 words)

	The American Bison : Utah's Hogle Zoo
		Bison are found on grassy plains and grasslands.
		Bisons are most active during the morning and evening, and extremely playful up to two years of age.
		The bison is the largest mammal on the North American continent.
	www.hoglezoo.org /animals/view.php?id=77 (726 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		The American Bison feeds on many grasses, sedges, and forbs, and sometimes on berries, lichens, and horsetails; in winter, it clears snow from vegetation with its hooves and head.
		Probably no other animal has been as central to a people’s way of life as was the bison to the Native American, who ate its meat, used the skins for clothing and shelter, fashioned thread and rope from sinew, made glue and tools from the hooves and bones, and burned the droppings as fuel.
		By 1900, fewer than 1,000 American Bison remained, and a crusade of rescue and restoration was begun.
	www.enature.com /fieldguides/detail.asp?recnum=MA0162 (914 words)

	Bison
		Bison lived primarily on the Great Plains, but some herds were found as far east as the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania and then south into the Carolinas.
		Bison will use their massive heads to push the snow aside in winter to reach the grass beneath.
		The bison was chosen as the State Animal of Kansas in 1955.
	www.gpnc.org /bison.htm (497 words)

	The American Bison
		What these men saw was the American Bison which, like the beaver and the deer, was to greatly influence the history of the United States.
		Our bison is rather stupid, and in spite of its great strength and formidable appearance, conceals a peaceful retiring nature inside that massive curly head.
		However, although the bison's senses of smell and hearing are very acute, their eyesight is poor, and it meant almost certain death to be caught in the path of a frenzied thundering stampede.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/300-399/nb323.htm (597 words)

	NatureWorks - American Bison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The American bison is the largest land animal in North America.
		The bison has long shaggy brown fur, a mane and beard under its chin and a long tail with a tuft of hair at the end.
		The American bison once was found in most of Canada, the United States and parts of Mexico.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/americanbison.htm (418 words)

	Training American Bison (Bison bison) Calves
		Bison, like cattle, are routinely handled to maintain herd health and meet the requirements of various regulatory agencies for diseases such as tuberculosis and brucellosis.
		Bison habituated to enter a handling facility are not tame animals, nor are they domestic in nature.
		American Plains Bison (Bison bison), born in the spring or summer of 1997 to the Rawhide Energy Station herd in Colorado, were conditioned (trained) to some common handling practices.
	www.grandin.com /references/bison.calves.html (3051 words)

	American Bison
		American Bison presents an extensive, state-of-the-art review of key points of American bison that are unaddressed or under-addressed by previous books.
		American Bison combines the latest scientific information and one man's personal experience in an homage to one of the most magnificent animals to have roamed America's vast, vanished grasslands.
		Lott also traces the long and dramatic relationship between the bison and Native Americans, and gives a surprising look at the history of the hide hunts that delivered the coup de grâce to the already dwindling bison population in a few short years.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9692.html (708 words)

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