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	American Chestnut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American Chestnut is a prolific bearer of nuts, usually with three nuts enclosed in each spiny green burr, and lined in tan velvet.
		While Chinese Chestnuts evolved with the blight and are immune, the airborne bark fungus spread 50 miles a year and in a few decades girdled and killed the billions of American Chestnuts.
		Another is The American Chestnut Foundation, which is backcrossing blight-resistant American Chestnut/Chinese Chestnut hybrids to American parents, to recover the American growth characteristics and genetic makeup, and then finally intercrossing the advanced generations in order to breed consistently for blight resistance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_chestnut (1037 words)

	Chestnut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chestnuts (Castanea), including the chinkapins, are a genus of eight or nine species of trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae, native to warm temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
		These resistant species, particularly Japanese Chestnut and Chinese Chestnut but also Seguin's Chestnut and Henry's Chestnut, have been used in breeding programs in the US to create hybrids with the American chestnut that are also disease resistant.
		To preserve chestnuts to eat through the winter, they must be made perfectly dry after they come out of their green husk; then put into a box or a barrel mixed with, and covered over by, fine and dry sand, three parts of sand to one part of chestnuts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chestnut (659 words)

	Brief history of the American Chestnut Tree
		The American Chestnut was cultivated in 1800 and was once considered to be the queen of the eastern American forest.
		So important was the American Chestnut in the southern Appalachians that some of the major timber operations became subsidiaries of leather companies which were organized to harvest other species for lumber on land bought to insure supplies of chestnut tannin extract.
		American Chestnut trees killed by the blight comprised 50 per cent of the overall value of the eastern hardwood timber stands.
	www.appalachianwoods.com /american_chestnut_history.htm (1939 words)

	APSnet Feature - Revitalization of the Majestic Chestnut: Chestnut Blight Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An American chestnut stem with a chestnut blight canker.
		Chestnut blight, or chestnut bark disease, is caused by an introduced fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr, (formerly Endothia parasitica [Murrill] Anderson and Anderson).
		A large number of grafted and seedling Japanese chestnuts were imported by 1900 (40), and it was clear that diseased nursery stock was the most important factor in the spread of chestnut blight to distant points.
	www.apsnet.org /online/feature/chestnut (2561 words)

	Reclaiming The American Chestnut's Old Dominion
		The destruction of the American chestnut began with a blight imported on Oriental nursery stock shortly after the turn of the century, and proceeded steadily south- and west-ward from New York through the eastern states in spite of all efforts to halt or delay its spread.
		Chestnuts were the single biggest source of income in the mountains, and for the poor folks, often the only source.
		Studying chestnut blight and the ecology of forest chestnuts since the 70’s, breeding all-American intercrosses, and grafting for blight resistance, Gary Griffin, Professor of Plant Pathology at VA Tech, and John Rush Elkins, Professor of Chemistry at Concord College, WV, founded the American Chestnut Cooperators’ Foundation.
	www.accf-online.org /Restoration/dominion.html (1383 words)

	Identification of American Chestnut Trees
		American chestnut trees were once found all along the Appalachian Mountain range, from Portland, Maine, to northern Georgia.
		The twigs are chestnut brown, the buds are smooth and brown and asymmetrically bullet-shaped, usually askew on the twig.
		The most striking difference between American chestnut trees and the other species is their slender, upright growth, and their thinner, smoother leaves, which are more pendent in position.
	www.caes.state.ct.us /FactSheetFiles/PlantPathology/fspp034f.htm (1140 words)

	American Chestnut A Tennessean's Version of an American Chestnut Page
		The American Chestnut was often referred to as the "King of Trees" or "farmer's friend" in early tree references.
		The American Chestnut in its legendary tree form was reduced to scattered shrubby sprouts over most of Tennessee and the rest of its natural range by the middle 1930s.
		Native American Chestnuts (Castanea dentata) were and are attacked by an imported "Chestnut blight" or bark fungus disease Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica).
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Canopy/1436 (607 words)

	American Chestnut - Old Oak Trail by Joe Reynolds - Atlantic Highlands Herald - NJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Before the blight, the American chestnut tree was so widespread that not only could one see a tree as far away as the Appalachian Mountains, but many could have been found right here in Atlantic Highlands and Monmouth County.
		Native Americans depended on the bark of the American chestnut in the construction of their homes and depended on the nuts for part of their diet.
		Attempting to restore the American chestnut tree to its original status as the "King of the American forest" is the non-profit organization, The American Chestnut Foundation, located in Bennington, Vermont.
	www.ahherald.com /oaktrail/oot010222_american_chestnut.htm (1032 words)

	American chestnut research & restoration project, SUNY-ESF
		Chestnut ripening coincided with the Thanksgiving-Christmas holiday season, and turn-of-the-century newspaper articles often showed train cars filled to overflowing with chestnuts rolling into major cities to be sold fresh or roasted.
		Chestnut heartwood is legendary for its rot resistance.
		The mission of the American Chestnut Research and Restoration Center is to conduct basic and applied research leading to the development of a blight-resistant American chestnut tree and to reintroduce a population of these resistant trees back into forest ecosystems of New York and then the rest of the eastern United States.
	www.esf.edu /chestnut (894 words)

	NRDC: OnEarth Magazine, Spring 2006 - Saving an American Icon
		The planting was an act of faith: Chestnuts are not native to the Midwest.
		While Hicks's trees decorated the hillside with waving white blossoms in the summer and littered the ground with sweet mahogany-colored nuts in the fall, the eastern chestnut woods were falling victim to the most destructive plague ever to strike an American forest.
		Chestnut researchers are generally pursuing two complementary strategies: fixing the tree so it can fight the fungus and fixing the fungus so it can't hurt the tree.
	www.nrdc.org /onearth/06spr/chestnut1.asp (583 words)

	[No title]
		From its point of introduction in New York City around the turn of the century, the Asian chestnut blight moved outward at a remarkable pace; fifty years later, all that remained of the species on which so much richness of life depended were millions of acres of dead but still standing stems.
		Not too long ago, the American chestnut was one of the most important trees of forested from Maine south to Georgia, from the Piedmont west to the Ohio valley.
		Many of the dry ridgetops of the central Appalachians were so thoroughly crowded with chestnut that, in early summer, when their canopies were filled with creamy-white flowers, the mountains appeared snow-capped.
	www.munic.state.ct.us /burlington/chestnuttree.htm (676 words)

	American Chestnut Story
		The hallmark of the American chestnut was, of course, the chestnut.
		All of the once vast chestnut forests were gone, and no hybrid had yet been produced that combined resistance to the blight with the quality of the American chestnut fruit.
		The only chestnut trees remaining were in scattered isolated groves planted out west by early settlers (10), beyond the range of the blight, and a few groves back east kept alive through diligent applications of hypovirulence (a virus of the fungus).
	lamar.colostate.edu /~samcox/chestnut.htm (4573 words)

	Winter 2001 Conservation Perspectives: Finding Flowering American Chestnut Trees
		Chestnut rootstocks have survived in many old patches of mature forest, but large resident trees shade chestnut sprouts and retard their growth.
		True chestnuts have single leaf blades that are attached by one green stalk to the sides or terminal ends of woody twigs.
		Chestnut growths often consist of a dead upright trunk three to six inches in diameter surrounded by sprouts radiating from its base.
	www.nescb.org /epublications/winter2001/findchestnut.html (1354 words)

	Winter 2001 Conservation Perspectives: Comeback of the American Chestnut? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is usually reported that chestnut blight was first observed in 1904 on an American chestnut tree in the Bronx Zoological Park in New York City (Cochran 1990).
		Finally, although American chestnut trees protected with hypovirulent blight survive, their growth often appears to be retarded and numerous healed cankers reduce the quality of the trees for lumber.
		American sprouts surrounding the plot will be protected with applications of a biological control based on the virus-infected strain of the chestnut blight.
	www.nescb.org /epublications/winter2001/staples.html (4004 words)

	LBEEC: American Chestnut Restoration
		As a testimony to their rot-resistance, chestnut logs were able to be salvaged from the blighted forests for up to ten years after the trees were stricken.
		The American Chestnut Foundation was founded basically to breed for resistant chestnuts using this method to try and develop a forest-form tree with blight resistance.
		The largest is the American Chestnut Foundation which was founded in 1983 with 2,200 members and with offices in Bennington, Vermont and state chapters in Connecticut, New York, Illinois, Indiana and Pennsylvania.
	www.longbrancheec.org /pubs/chestnut.html (2566 words)

	Chestnuts and the Introduction of Chestnut Blight
		American chestnut trees (Castanea dentata) were once so common in the Eastern United States that everyone who could get to the woods in the fall could count on nuts for roasting and for stuffing their Thanksgiving turkey.
		The discovery of chestnut blight in the Bronx Zoo was described by Merkel (4) as follows: "...a few scattered cases which occurred [on American chestnut trees] during the summer of 1904.
		Breeding projects are underway to combine the nut quality and timber form of American chestnuts with blight resistance of Asian chestnuts to produce trees for orchards and forests.
	www.caes.state.ct.us /FactSheetFiles/PlantPathology/fspp008f.htm (1774 words)

	New Hope for the American Chestnut
		The spores of the chestnut blight fungus are carried from one tree to another by wood-boring insects, woodpeckers, and similar vectors.
		An American chestnut tree from Virginia possibly would grow well in Massachusetts, but for complex reasons relating to the genetic constitution of American chestnuts as a species, TACF considers it inadvisable to plant these trees on a large scale too far from their local region of native origin.
		Chestnut trees are difficult to propagate vegetatively, although it is possible to propagate them by stem cuttings taken from the vigorous greenwood shoots of young saplings, and also by other techniques, such as tissue culture.
	www.elmpost.org /chestnut.htm (2841 words)

	RESSURECTING THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One hundred years ago, magnificent American chestnut trees dominated the forested hills and mountains over much of the eastern U. They made their best growth on the slopes of the Appalachian mountains where some towered up to 100 feet and had diameters of 10 feet.
		Ecology of the American chestnut on the Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and Tennessee
		Ecology of the American chestnut in Kentucky and Tennessee
	www2.vscc.cc.tn.us /jschibig/resurrectingthechestnut.htm (1754 words)

	The American Chestnut
		The natural range of the American chestnut is in the Carolinian region of eastern North America, and extends from southeastern Michigan through southern Ontario to Maine, and south to Georgia.
		Until the 1940's, American chestnut was a prevalent tree species in southern Ontario and occurred throughout the Carolinian or deciduous forest region.
		American chestnut was a common and well-recognized tree at that time.
	www.uoguelph.ca /~chestnut/american_chestnut.htm (320 words)

	Can The American Chestnut Tree be Revived (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		NEW YORK Sidewalk chestnut vendors are just a few years away from once again using the fruit of the American chestnut tree devastated by blight nearly a century ago.
		Within 50 years, the American chestnut crop was wiped out, and the country lost a source of lumber used for homes, ship masts, musical instruments and railroad ties.
		Editors note: The spread of the disease that destroyed the American chestnut tree is a good case study of a process geographers call "spatial diffusion," the geographic spread of phenomena.
	members.bellatlantic.net /~bjmcg/story2nut.htm (813 words)

	American Chestnut Story
		The American chestnut was once one of the most important trees in our eastern hardwood forests.
		The American Chestnut Foundation (www.acf.org) was created to coordinate a breeding program for the purpose of creating blight-resistant American chestnuts for eventual reforestation.
		Finally, it is important to note that if there are no blighted chestnut trees within a mile of where new seedlings are planted, blight is not likely to occur in the new trees for 10 to 20 years (20 to 40 feet of growth).
	gatacf.org /The_Chestnut_Story.htm (690 words)

	American Chestnut Cooperators' Foundation
		The American Chestnut Cooperators' Foundation is a nonprofit scientific and educational foundation dedicated to restoring the American Chestnut to its former place in our Eastern hardwood forests.
		The principal objective of the American Chestnut Cooperators' Foundation is to raise funds to support graduate and undergraduate student research projects in Virginia Tech's Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science.
		The North American invasion of the Blight Fungus was catastrophic for chestnut trees.
	www.ppws.vt.edu /griffin/accf.html (1037 words)

	American Chestnut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Still, the tree is not uncommon in the forest understory- the blight does not kill the roots of the tree, so the chestnut roots send up new sprouts after the tree is killed, so that one can find chestnut shoots sprouting from a circle of dead stumps and shoots, the tree's former attempts at growth.
		The American Chestnut Foundation is trying to cross this tree with the Chinese chestnut, in an attempt to breed the old world tree's resistance into ours.
		Chestnut leaves are canoe shaped, 5 to 10 inches long, and toothed.
	www.il-st-acad-sci.org /trees/chestnut.html (516 words)

	Blue Ridge Country:The American Chestnut--Oak and Chestnut Trees in the Appalachains
		The long-dead American chestnut tree could soon be in a position to reclaim its place in the American scene as more familiar, contemporary species fight for their survival.
		This all-volunteer foundation was formed in 1985 to restore the pure, uncrossed American chestnut to its native forest environment.
		A second approach to the restoration of the American giant is being undertaken by The American Chestnut Foundation.
	www.blueridgecountry.com /FavoriteArticles/AmericanChestnut_SO05 (2521 words)

	RESURRECTING THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT
		One hundred years ago, magnificent American chestnut trees dominated the forested hills and mountains over much of the eastern U. They made their best growth on the slopes of the Appalachian mountains where some towered up to 100 feet and had diameters of 10 feet.
		Ecology of the American chestnut on the Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and Tennessee
		Ecology of the American chestnut in Kentucky and Tennessee
	www2.volstate.edu /jschibig/resurrectingthechestnut.htm (2043 words)

	American Chestnut Cooperators' Foundation Closeup
		American Chestnut (Castanea dentata): In the first 40 years of the 20th century, chestnut blight destroyed 3.5 billion American Chestnuts.
		We support American Chestnut research and engage senior citizens and school children, volunteers and professionals in planting, grafting and managing the fruits of this research.
		Ideal American Chestnut habitat is found on sloping lands at low to medium elevations, in coves or slopes facing east to north, with many chestnut stems, sandy loam soil and full sunshine.
	www.angelfire.com /tn/americanchestnut (644 words)

	Carolinas Chapter - The American Chestnut Foundation
		From Maine to Mississippi, American chestnut trees thrived and matured as the dominant species, towering over their neighbors the oaks, hickories, and tulip poplars.
		Foresters called the American Chestnut "the most useful tree in the woods," because it provided abundant food for wild animals and livestock, a cash crop for mountain farmers, a light, yellow-colored wood for furniture, and rot-resistant lumber for fences, utility poles, and siding.
		The members of the Carolinas Chapter of The American Chestnut Foundation are heavily involved in reaching this goal: finding surviving trees, pollinating them, harvesting seed, and planting orchards for eventual reforestation.
	www.carolinas-tacf.org /index2.html (309 words)

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