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Topic: American Constitutional Amendments

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	United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		First Amendment: addresses the rights of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, freedom of petition, and also freedom of religion, both in terms of prohibiting the Congressional establishment of religion and protecting the right to free exercise of religion.
		The Corwin amendment, proposed by the 36th Congress on March 2, 1861, would have forbidden any attempt to subsequently amend the Constitution to empower the Federal government to "abolish or interfere" with the "domestic institutions" of the states (a delicate way of referring to slavery).
		Amar's interpretation has the appeal that it allows the Constitution ratification be legal, yet also makes the secession of the states prior to the American Civil War illegal, as, according to Amar, South Carolina and her sister states had ceased to be sovereign nations by ratifying the Constitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Constitution (5372 words)

	Constitutional amendment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A constitutional amendment is an alteration to the constitution of a nation or a state.
		In referenda to amend the constitutions of Australia and Switzerland it is required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole, but also by separate majorities in each of a majority of the states or cantons.
		On the other hand, an amendment to the constitution of the US state of Massachusetts must first be endorsed by a special majority in the legislature during two consecutive terms, and is then submitted to a referendum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitutional_amendment (1765 words)

	American Constitutional Amendments 11-27
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.
	freebowen.bravepages.com /amend11_27.html (1498 words)

	American Constitutional Law
		Otis Stephens and John Scheb divide AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW into two parts, one of which is devoted to the institutional dimensions of constitutional law and the other to civil rights and liberties.
		This is particularly important as the authors understand constitutional law as a manifestation of the intersection of law and politics that reaches beyond judicial constitutional interpretation.
		In sum, AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW is a well-organized, well-written, student-friendly text which I would highly recommend for the undergraduate instructor of a one-term constitutional law course wishing to explore the intersection of law and politics primarily through case law.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/stephens0805.htm (1052 words)

	List of amendments to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known as the "Bill of Rights".
		The procedure for amending the Constitution is governed by Article V of the original text.
		Before an amendment can take effect, it must be proposed to the states by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress, and ratified by three-quarters of the states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Constitutional_Amendments (729 words)

	American Constitutional Law
		The authors ground their textbooks in the belief that the “study of constitutional law is a vital part of a student’s civic education” within a liberal arts curriculum.
		AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW is divided into two volumes: ‘Governmental Powers and Democracy’ and ‘Liberty, Community, and the Bill of Rights.’ In the introduction to both volumes, Kommers, Finn, and Jacobsohn articulate the three themes that constitute their focus.
		AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW is a nice addition to the textbooks available for undergraduate constitutional law classes.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/kommers0805.htm (1194 words)

	Burgess: Recent Changes in American Constitutional Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As our constitutional law was understood and interpreted by the supreme interpreting authority in our system at the beginning of this century, the individual was constitutionally immune against the power of the United States Government to convict and punish him for treason under any other interpretation of the meaning of the term.
		He would only be asking the proper constitutional authority to tell him whether the constitutional provision under which he might claim immunity was the law of the land or the governmental statute or ordinance, in his opinion, contradicting it.
		The Constitution authorizes Congress to raise and support armies and apparently leaves Congress at its own discretion in determining how and to what extent, under the single express limitation that no appropriation in support of armies or a navy shall be for a longer period than two years.
	www.constitution.org /jwb/burgess.htm (12156 words)

	American Constitutional Amendments quiz -- free game
		The 12th Amendment was proposed on December 9th, 1803.
		The 18th Amendment was proposed on December 18th, 1917.
		The 23rd Amendment was proposed on June 17th, 1960.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=28353 (226 words)

	A.E. Dick Howard , "Toward Constitutional Democracy Around The World: An American Perspective" Issues of Democracy, ...
		Western Europe is the seat of much of the core of modern constitutional democracy, such as the teachings of the Enlightenment (an 18th century European movement based on the primacy of human reason), and also the sources of many of our basic constitutional principles (such as the separation of powers).
		American constitutionalism was the result of Enlightenment assumptions, steeped in British constitutionalism, and shaped in the historical settings of America.
		Also, the United States Constitution is, in a sense, an incomplete document, in the sense that its framers assumed the existence and function of the states and therefore of state constitutions (documents which in many ways are rather more like constitutions in other countries).
	usinfo.state.gov /journals/itdhr/0304/ijde/howard.htm (3259 words)

	AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Constitutional law is thus reduced to the judicial exercise of divining the meaning of textual provisions.
		Others overlook the politics of constitutional interpretation, analyzing legal principles and doctrine as if they are not articulated by political actors who are well aware of the political consequences of their interpretations.
		AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW makes it clear that characterizing statutes as the entirety of congressional constitutional interpretation would be as misleading as claiming that the headnote to a case contains the breadth and depth of the Supreme Court's reasoning.
	www.unt.edu /lpbr/subpages/reviews/fisher1.htm (1191 words)

	American Constitutional Law: Introductory Essays and Selected Cases (14th Edition)
		This is a broadly sweeping text that covers the whole Constitution, each article of the primary text, various amendments dealing with governmental and procedural issues, and many chapters dealing with rights and liberties contained in both the Bill of Rights (first ten amendments) and other amendments.
		American Constitutional Law: Introductory Essays and Selected Cases by Alpheus Thomas Mason and Donald Grier Stephenson is a book that when read you'll find an intricate blend of history and politics.
		Applying standards drawn from the constitution, the Supreme Court is the ultimate arbitor and guardian of individual privilege and governmental prerogative alike.
	www.xmlwriter.net /books/viewbook/American_Constitutional_Law:_Introductory_Essays_and_Selected_Cases_(14th_Edition)-0131174371.html (703 words)

	CNN.com - Same-sex marriage bans winning on state ballots - Nov 3, 2004
		The push to amend state constitutions to ban same-sex marriage gained steam in May, after gay men and lesbians were granted the right to marry in Massachusetts, thanks to the state's Supreme Judicial Court, which ruled that laws restricting marriage to heterosexuals violated the state constitution.
		Opponents of gay and lesbian marriage are also pushing a federal constitutional amendment that would ban same-sex marriage nationwide, though it failed to gain the needed two-thirds majority to pass when it came up for votes in both the House and Senate.
		Despite their differences over the amendment, both Kerry and Bush were on record opposing same-sex marriage and supporting civil unions, and Kerry has said he is not opposed to state constitutional bans.
	www.cnn.com /2004/ALLPOLITICS/11/02/ballot.samesex.marriage/index.html (808 words)

	C-SPAN.ORG
		According to Article V of the Constitution, a bill to add an amendment, or to change the text of the Constitution, may originate in Congress or in a Constitutional Convention (called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures).
		If it is approved by three-fourths of all of the state legislatures or by state ratifying conventions, it becomes a Constitutional amendment.
		Historical Constitutional Amendments: Choose a Constitutional amendment and explore its historical significance.
	www.c-span.org /classroom/govt/amendments.asp (552 words)

	Miras 'resigns,' board 'accepts' All-party Accord Commission agrees to 32 Constitutional amendments American Armenians ...
		Of those amendment proposals accepted by the semi-official commission are one that abolishes the death penalty except in cases of terrorist crimes, war and transition to war as well as another that removes the constitutional ban preventing laws and decrees passed by the military administration between 1980-82 from being questioned at the courts.
		An amendment to an article relating to political parties and that asked for a ban on any amendment to the Political Parties and Elections laws that were going to be made within a year of a coming election was also accepted.
		The Constitutional Court is expected to make its final decision about the party, which is on trial on charges of being the successor of the defunct Welfare Party (RP), either on the weekend or at the beginning of next week.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=23745 (1543 words)

	Congressman Jesse L. Jackson, Jr.: Proposed Constitutional Amendments
		Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the individual right to vote.
		Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States regarding the right to public education of equal high quality.
		Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States regarding the right to health care of equal high quality.
	www.house.gov /jackson/test/ConstitutionalAmendments.htm (162 words)

	The American Founding
		And as the cornerstone of American political thought, the principles of the American Founding remain the principles of America, and thus, the principles that conservatives seek to conserve.
		However, the American Founders thought the Constitution was crucially important, and that those who make, interpret and enforce the law ought to be guided by its original meaning.
		As the cornerstone of American political thought, the principles of the American Founding remain the principles of America, and thus, the American conservative movement.
	www.heritage.org /About/Community/The-American-Founding.cfm (1086 words)

	The Lawfulness of the Reconstruction Amendments
		The circumstances under which the Reconstruction amendments were proposed and ratified were extremely unusual, and at the time serious objections were raised to the legality of the proceedings.
		This Article reviews the relevant history and discusses legal rationales under which the constitutional amendments were valid even if there were serious illegalities in the creation of the southern state governments.
		The conclusion argues that this result, under which constitutional amendments can be validly ratified even when principles of state autonomy are violated, is nevertheless consistent with the purpose of Article V and the constitutional system in general.
	lawreview.uchicago.edu /issues/archive/v68/spring/amendments.html (460 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / IS THE CONSTITUTION OBSOLETE?
		This space recently (November 1995) was occupied with the past history of the struggle for the item veto, and behold, in April 1996 it ended in victory for the veto’s advocates.
		It also overlooks the cultural strength of American racism; there was no “massive” or “middle class” movement to end slavery that was frustrated by the Constitution.
		He cites Newt Gingrich to the effect that America is a “deeply conservative country” and laments that it is true “because the Ancient Constitution is a deeply conservative concept.” On the contrary, we are a peculiar people, loving the new and the young but idealizing the past, which we constantly flee.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1996/5/1996_5_12.shtml (1170 words)

	Federal Ban
		The proposed constitutional amendment states "Marriage in the United States shall consist only of the union of a man and a woman.
		All American couples, whether same-sex or different sex, should be free to contribute to our nation and communities, love and care for families, and exercise their inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
		If this amendment passes 594,000 households, headed by same-sex partners with children under the age of 18 (according to 2000 U.S. Census data and considered conservative by many experts), will be denied over 1,000 legal protections such as health insurance coverage, hospital visitation rights, pension benefits, and inheritance rights.
	www.americanhumanist.org /press/ActionAlerts/aaFedBan.html (493 words)

	People For the American Way - Flag Desecration Amendment
		In particular PFAW has taken the lead in opposing an ill-conceived constitutional amendment to prohibit the desecration of the American flag.
		With the proposed flag amendment, right-wing leaders are going back to the drawing board of 1791, erasing over 200 years of precedents in constitutional law.
		We might very well become a country where it is illegal to speak out against the government, where political protest is outlawed, and where discussions of media bias would no longer take place as no reporter or anchor truly would be able to share his or her opinion.
	www.pfaw.org /pfaw/general/default.aspx?oid=11991 (431 words)

	American Vision Online Store - Election Pack
		The most important constitutional issues of this generation concern the meaning of the rule of law and the ability of the people to enforce true law by restraining runaway activist judges.
		Today, one in every three Americans have been killed by abortion simply because a handful of unelected officials said it was acceptable for these Americans to be killed.
		But issues like abortion and homosexual marriages can be resolved immediately, without special constitutional amendments, if we will simply avail ourselves of the measures given to us by our Founding Fathers to hold renegade and lawless judges accountable for their behavior.
	www.americanvision.org /store/pc-119-1-election-pack.aspx (546 words)

	Desecration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Congress is about to vote on a Constitutional Amendment to allow them to ban flag desecration.
		As such, Constitutional Amendments should be done rarely for situations of great concern to the future of our country.
		I can think of Amendments that would have a great effect on the future of America: The Human Life Amendment, the Marriage Amendment, the Religious Freedom Amendment, or the Balanced Budget Amendment.
	www.americandaily.com /a-graham-6-22-05.htm (433 words)

	Contract
		Rather, it represents a full-blown assault on the American constitutional principle of separation of church and state, the formal entrance onto the political stage of what is for all practical purposes a religious political party that can only divide Americans along religious lines, and a movement that can only harm American families.
		In summary, the American Humanist Association urges Americans of all persuasions to work together in a democratic spirit to protect children, families, and the constitutional guarantees of fundamental liberties from the narrow, political agendas of sectarian special interests.
		Passed unanimously by the membership assembled at the fifty-fourth annual conference of the American Humanist Association on May 19, 1995.
	www.americanhumanist.org /press/aha-response.html (405 words)

	LII: Constitution
		Amendment XII [Election of President and Vice-President (1804)]
		Amendment XIV [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection, Apportionment of Representatives, Civil War Disqualification and Debt (1868)]
		Amendment XV [Rights Not to Be Denied on Account of Race (1870)]
	www.law.cornell.edu /constitution/constitution.table.html (145 words)

	American Constitutional Law: Sources on the Internet
		(Constitution Soc.) Collection of speeches and articles by opponents to ratification of the 1787 draft constitution.
		The Constitution of the United States of America as Amended, Unratified Amendments, Analytical Index,
		Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution...
	people.smu.edu /kadamson/constitutions.htm (343 words)

	American Constitutional Law Introductory Essays and Selected Cases 14th Edition by Alpheus Thomas Mason Donald Grier ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		American Constitutional Law Introductory Essays and Selected Cases 14th Edition by Alpheus Thomas Mason Donald Grier Stephenson ISBN 0131174371
		At this time we have not yet written a review for American Constitutional Law: Introductory Essays and Selected Cases (14th Edition) by Alpheus Thomas Mason, Donald Grier Stephenson (ISBN 0131174371).
		For your convenience we have added a summary for American Constitutional Law: Introductory Essays and Selected Cases (14th Edition) by Alpheus Thomas Mason, Donald Grier Stephenson (ISBN 0131174371), supplied by Amazon.com.
	www.cheapesttextbooks.com /reviews/0131174371.html (858 words)

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