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	American Fur Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The early operations of the company were often in competition with the great Canadian and British fur trading companies: the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company.
		Sensing the eventual decline of fur's popularity in fashion, John Jacob Astor withdrew from the company in 1834.
		During its heyday, the American Fur Company was one of the largest businesses in the United States, holding an almost total monopoly of the fur trade in the U.S. The company provided the money for the land investments that catapulted John Jacob Astor to the position of richest man in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Fur_Company (623 words)

	American Fur Company - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		American Fur Company chartered by John Jacob Astor (1763-1848) in 1808 to compete with the great fur-trading companies in Canada—the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company.
		Astor's most ambitious venture, establishment of a post at Astoria, Oreg., to control the Columbia River valley fur trade, was made under a subsidiary, the Pacific Fur Company.
		The American Fur Company strongly influenced the history of the frontier, not only by preparing the way for permanent settlement but by opening Great Lakes commercial fishing, steamboat transportation, and trade in lead.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-amerf1c1.html (424 words)

	American Fur Company Joseph and Magloire Boissoneau ledgers - Bussineau.com genealogy
		The American Fur Company was organized by John Jacob Astor in 1808.
		Since he was company factor in the Sault during the inception of commercial fishing on Lake Superior, his papers are a rich source of information on this topic, and provide data on conditions, catches, difficulties encountered, locations and vessels employed.
		Two of the ledgers are from the American Fur Company's retail store in the Sault for the years 1838 to 1845.
	www.bussineau.com /bayliss.htm (1220 words)

	Hudson's Bay Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By the mid-1840s the best furs were gone, and the fort was turning to agriculture and mercantile oeprations for its livelihood.
		American expansion was the death of the fort.
		The PSAC was formed to fulfill Company contracts with the Russian American Fur Company, to sell it agricultural goods, and to settle claims of British territory north of the Columbia.
	hometown.aol.com /Gibson0817/hbc.htm (1582 words)

	Utah History Encyclopedia
		These employees of the Ashley-Henry Fur Company had arrived in northern Utah by the spring of 1824 after having failed in their attempts to compete on the upper Missouri River because of their loss of men and supplies.
		This was critical to the success of the fur trade and was also of benefit to succeeding parties who came to the region for purposes unrelated to the fur trade.
		Members of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, the American Fur Company, the Hudson's Bay Company, and Captain Bonneville were all present at the 1834 rendezvous on Ham's Fork of the Green River.
	www.media.utah.edu /UHE/f/FURTRADE.html (4578 words)

	The American Fur Company and Chicago - presented by Illinois Genealogy Trails History Group
		Astor, in connection with certain partners of the old Northwest Fur Company, whose beginning was in 1783 and permanently organized in 1787, bought out the association of British merchants known as the Mackinaw Company, then a strong competitor in the fur trade.
		In 1817-18, the American Fur Company bought a large number of clerks from Montreal and the United States to Mackinaw, some of whom made good Indian traders, while many others failed upon trial and were discharged.
		Reverses, however, compelled an assignment in 1842 and with it the death of the American Fur Company.
	genealogytrails.com /ill/americanfurco.html (2423 words)

	American Fur Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These were used to transport furs to Europe and the Far East and to bring back manufactured goods and tea that he sold to people living in America.
		Accordingly the company was divided into parties of from 15 to 20 men in each party, with their respective captains placed over them - and directed by Captain Gant in what direction to go.
		Each of these companies were directed to ascend these rivers until they found beaver sufficiently plenty for trapping, or till the snow and cold weather compelled them to stop; at which event they were to return to the mouth of the Laramies river, to pass the winter together.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /WWfur.htm (2581 words)

	Minnesota Fur Trade EDU Youth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Trapping and the fur trade were the most important influence in the early exploration and settlement of Minnesota.
		Furs were very valuable because they were in high demand for making the men's felt hats along with the many garments that were fashionable in Europe.
		The trading posts were far away from the company headquarters in Montreal (Northwest Fur Company) or Hudson Bay (Hudson's Bay Company.) All the supplies and trade goods had to be transported from the headquarters to the posts.
	mntrappers.com /Furtradeelem.html (1146 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for American
		American art the art of the North American colonies and of the United States.
		American Revolution 1775-83, struggle by which the Thirteen Colonies on the Atlantic seaboard of North America won independence from Great Britain and became the United States.
		American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), a federation of autonomous labor unions in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Panama, and U.S. dependencies, formed in 1955 by the merger of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=American (729 words)

	Festival of Adventures & MUD RIVER MUSIC FEST - Aitkin Minnesota
		The Northern Outfit of Astor's American Fur Company was considered the richest holdings of the company.
		The American Fur Company was formed in the year 1808 by John Jacob Astor.
		The American Fur Company began to rapidly decline by 1840, and their passing in about 1842 signaled a shift in European fur demand away from beaver for hats and felt, to furs used for fashion and trim.
	www.aitkin.com /fest/afc.htm (602 words)

	Guide Introduction: Papers of the St. Louis Fur Trade–Part 1: The Couteau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		First among the fur traders to exploit the Louisiana Purchase was Manuel Lisa (1772-1821), born of Spanish parents in New Orleans and a trader in St. Louis by 1800.
		In 1830 the company bought out Papin and Co., a shaky little organization called "the French Fur Company" for $21,000 and hired its leaders, Pierre D. Papin, Pascal Cerré, and Honoré Picotte at salaries of $1,000 a year, which was good pay for men that the company had no reason to trust.
		In the 1840s, fur company executives retired or changed occupations, and settlements of out-of-work trappers and small traders sprung up on the Arkansas at Pueblo and Hardscrabble, at Taos in New Mexico, at French Prairie in Oregon, and in California's Napa Valley.
	www.lexisnexis.com /academic/guides/western_hist/st_louis_fur/fur12.asp (7962 words)

	Oregon Trail Maps South Pass Robert Stuart Astorian Pictures
		American ships were entering the China trade, and through a friend in London, he obtained a license to trade in the East India Company ports.
		Astor’s fur trading posts in the Pacific Northwest were a major factor in establishing the border at the forty-ninth parallel, instead of the Columbia River, as the British had wanted.
		The Pacific Fur Company partners held a meeting, and it was agreed that they were not adequately supplied and could not defend Astoria against the British...Hunt was not at this meeting; he had gone to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii).
	www.thefurtrapper.com /astorians.htm (4111 words)

	Black Fur Traders and Frontiersmen
		Fur Trade Historians, in their search for information, repeatedly come across references to fl mountain men, traders and even fl voyageurs in narratives of the American fur trade.
		Slavery was still legal in the United States during the fur trade era and numerous traders and fur company principals utilized slaves to help create their fur trade empires.
		James Beckwourth acted as a trader for the American Fur Company, the Bent, St. Vrain Company and was an independent trader among the Cheyenne and the Arapaho.
	www.coax.net /people/lwf/FURTRADE.HTM (2410 words)

	Mountain Men and the Fur Trade
		The first substantial American venture was the Pacific Fur Company started by John Jacob Astor in 1810.
		The American fur trade was dormant from 1814 to 1819 due to the economic and political turmoil caused by the War of 1812.
		The fur companies were a central force in the lives of the mountain men.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~HYPER/HNS/Mtmen/furtrade.html (1056 words)

	1833 Rendezvous
		In the year prior to this rendezvous, William Sublette and Robert Campbell formed their own fur company, the St. Louis Fur Company with the goal of challenging the American Fur Company along the Upper Missouri River.
		At this time the Rocky Mountain Fur Company was deeply in debt for supplies to William Sublette and Robert Campbell, who had a strangle hold on the Rocky Mountain Fur Company as a result.
		Remember, the American Fur Company was equivalent to Microsoft in early 1800’s with the financial deep pockets to utterly destroy competition.
	home.att.net /~mman/Rendezvous1833.htm (646 words)

	The American Fur Trade
		The organizational growth of the company during the next 26 years would be a major study in itself, yet it is necessary to note certain stages, subsidiary companies, and personalities along the way.
		Although the Pacific Fur Company lost out to British traders on the Pacific coast during the War of 1812, Astor solidified his position at the same time in the Great Lakes area through another subsidiary, the South West Company (i.e., southwest of Montreal).
		Two opposition companies, Bernard Pratte and Company and the Columbia Fur Company, were particularly successful in keeping Astor's men restricted pretty much to the role of buyers at St. Louis.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/articles/american_fur.htm (13854 words)

	HUDSON Case
		With the helpof the Royal Navy they were able to grab the Pacific Fur Companies holdings on the Columbia river and thus establish themselves as competitors with the Americans and Russians.
		With such vigor and in such large numbers did the British and Americans enter the Northwest fur trade that by the second decadeof the nineteenth century the sea otter was almost driven to extinction.
		With the introduction of Europeans and Americans and the overhunting of the sea otter and other fur bearing mammals their culture was changed forever.
	www.american.edu /ted/hudson.htm (1396 words)

	NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY
		Competition among the European nations and among the Indian tribes for the fur trade was a major factor in many of the intertribal conflicts and colonial wars.
		The Company of New France (or Company of One Hundred Associates), charted in 1627 in order to settle the colony as well as develop commerce, largely ignored the former in favor of the lucrative fur trade.
		In 1808, John Jacob Astor founded the American Fur Company, with various subsidiaries to follow-such as the Pacific Fur Company, with an important trading post at Astoria, Oregon, and the South West Company, operating near the Great Lakes.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/furtrade.html (2251 words)

	chapter6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Water access, which was also important to the fur traders, would be limited in the area of the Indian village, due to the established Indian family sites along the lake.
		Malhiot kept semi-daily accounts of the activities which affected the fur trade of Flambeau during the period of heavy competition with the X Y Company.
		A strange entry is marked on Doty's map, a box in the northeast corner of "Lake Du Flambeau" is marked "Estab.".(130) This may refer to the establishment of the American Fur Company post of Lac Du Flambeau, illustrating the earliest map record of a fur trading post in Flambeau.
	www.marshfield.k12.wi.us /socsci/discovery/bokern/chapter6.htm (1945 words)

	Sibley House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The research project is focusing on answering specific questions about 1) the American Fur Company district headquarters trading operations which includes standing structures that were the homes of H. Sibley and J. Faribault, and 2) the nature of the pre-Euroamerican contact Native American occupations.
		When it was constructed the house served as a fur trade center and locus of hospitality on the frontier; later, as the region developed, it became the governor's mansion.
		Sibley directed the fur trade of an area stretching from the Mississippi to the Missouri Rivers.
	www1.umn.edu /marp/dig/site1.html (1267 words)

	Pacific Fur Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pacific Fur Company was founded June 23, 1810, in New York City.
		Half of the stock of the company was held by the American Fur Company, owned exclusively by John Jacob Astor, and Astor provided all of the capital for the enterprise.
		The fort and all assets in the Oregon Country were sold to the (Canadian) North West Company in October 1813, under duress during the War of 1812.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pacific_Fur_Company (461 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / The Short, Dramatic Life of the Steamboat Yellow Stone
		Now the American Fur Company proposed to drive this vessel through waters bristling with burly cottonwood snags that might puncture her hull—crossing sandbars that would put her aground time after time, finding channels that could relocate overnight, through prairie storms that might tear the roof from her cabin or topple her sheet-iron chimneys.
		While these schemes did not work, and the company was hampered for a time, the dispensation of alcohol was to continue as long as the fur trade flourished.
		That Americans would one day take Texas from the Mexicans seemed as inevitable as the fact that other Americans were inexorably taking all the trans-Mississippi country from the Indians.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1987/4/1987_4_121.shtml (5571 words)

	American Fur Company — Infoplease.com
		, Oreg., to control the Columbia River valley fur trade, was made under a subsidiary, the Pacific Fur Company.
		Robert Stuart - Stuart, Robert, 1785–1843, American explorer, b.
		Robert Campbell, American fur trader and merchant - Campbell, Robert, 1804–79, American fur trader and merchant, one of the mountain men, b.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0803675.html (410 words)

	American Fur Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Evaluate the impact of the fur trade on society in major dimensions of the business environment, that is, economic, cultural, technological, natural, governmental, legal, and internal.
		On balance, is the legacy of the American Fur Company and of the fur trade itself a positive legacy?
		Or is the impact of these companies predominantly negative?
	staff.washington.edu /hekman/hw/americanfur.htm (111 words)

	AMERICAN FUR COMPANY: An Inventory of Its Records at the Minnesota Historical Society
		Two account books were kept by the Company's retail store on Mackinac Island and itemize individual accounts for the purchase of sundry hardware, dry goods, yard goods, clothing, alcohol, and munitions (1822-1827).
		This book was kept by a fishery that used a warehouse formerly occupied by the American Fur Company.
		A variety of print and manuscript materials related to the American Fur Company are available in the library and archives collections of the Minnesota Historical Society.
	www.mnhs.org /library/findaids/M623.html (508 words)

	Oregon History ProjectOHP Oregon Biographies John Jacob Astor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Astor was one of the wealthiest men the country had ever seen and his meager public bequest caused many to remember him as a miser who attempted to found an American dynasty by keeping the money in his family.
		Soon after the 1794 Jay Treaty allowed Americans to trade in Canada (and Canadians to trade in the United States), Astor became America’s leading fur trader.
		In 1808 Astor founded the American Fur Company and two years later a subsidiary company to harvest Oregon furs.
	www.ohs.org /education/oregonhistory/Oregon-Biographies-John-Astor.cfm (420 words)

	Mackinac Island History. Mackinaw History
		In the 1820s fur was the main business of Mackinac.
		Though John Jacob Astor never visited Mackinac Island, he was well represented by Robert Stuart, his principal agent in dealing with the regional Indians for their beaver and other fur pelts.
		The City of Mackinac Island interprets the Island's fur trade history through exhibits in Stuart's house on Market Street.
	www.mackinac.com /content/general/history_americanfur.html (135 words)

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