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Topic: American Protective League

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	Aethlos -- Henry Louis Mencken Quotations Collection -- Spencer Lord's Weltanschauung
		American speak of anything less than the grand cross of the order, with a gold badge in stained glass, a baldric of the national colors, a violet plug hat with a sunburst on the side, the privelege of the floor of Congress, and a pension of $10,000 a year.
		At the heart of his critique of American life, for example, is his hatred of "the whole Puritan scheme of things, with its gross and nauseating hypocrisies, its idiotic theologies, its moral obsessions, its pervasive Philistinism," all of which he firmly believed to be intrinsic to the American national character.
		We Americans subscribe to the doctrine of human equality -- and the Rooseveltii reduce it to an absurdity as brilliantly as the sons of Veit Bach.
	aethlos.com /menckenpage (18069 words)

	American Protective League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American Protective League was a World War I-era private organization that along with federal police like the Bureau of Investigation worked in support of the anti German Empire movement and against anti-war citizens and organizations.
		Officially condoned by the Attorney General, the APL support to the Bureau of Investigation, the precursor to the FBI.
		In 1918, APL documents showed that 10% of its efforts (the largest of any category) were focused on disrupting the activities of the I.W.W. Wobblies" anarchist movement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Protective_League (218 words)

	All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Charm School
		The All-American girl is naturally susceptible because of her vigorous activities and it certainly pays dividends to be on the safe side.
		The uniforms adopted by the league have been designed for style and appeal and there is a tremendous advantage to the girl and to the team which makes the best of its equipment.
		In the interests of publicizing you as an individual or your team and league in general, you might be expected to cooperate with the publicity managers in various cities or with the newspaper and magazine writers.
	www.aagpbl.org /league/charm.cfm (3978 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / THE WARFARE STATE
		The largest of them, the American Protective League, was endorsed by the Justice Department and had more than 250,000 members, who conducted private but federally sanctioned inquests into the loyalty of their fellow citizens—proceedings of dubious legality that often veered into vigilantism.
		Throughout American history two visions of government have competed: the Hamiltonian vision of a strong, centralized, militarily powerful state and the Jeffersonian vision of a limited one, where human liberty is the highest ideal.
		The very weakness of the American state as an apparatus of power is the source of its greatest fundamental strength: a vibrant, free, and flourishing society, whose achievements in peace have both surpassed and made possible its successes in war.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1994/4/1994_4_56.shtml (7635 words)

	CI Reader Volume 1 Chapter 3
		The American Protective League (APL) was a voluntary association of patriotic citizens acting through local branches which were established in cities and counties throughout the country to operate under the control of a National Board of Directors.
		The league was formally created on 22 March 1917, two weeks before the American declaration of war, and, on that same date, became designated as an auxiliary to the Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice.
		The American Protective League (APL) composed of well-meaning private individuals, was formed as a citizen's auxiliary to "assist" the Bureau of Investigation.
	www.fas.org /irp/ops/ci/docs/ci1/ch3d.htm (5142 words)

	The American Red Cross and Magen David Adom (MDA)
		The American Red Cross is a member of an international humanitarian network known as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (Movement).
		This critical legislation establishes legal protections to prevent the misuse of this new emblem along with the Red Cross and Red Crescent as required by the Third Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions.
		The American Jewish Committee welcomed tonight’s decision to establish a third humanitarian relief emblem, in the shape of a crystal, for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
	www.redcross.org /mda (1098 words)

	Civil Liberties: What's Wrong with the TIPS Program? A WW I Horror Story Ripped from the History Books
		This volunteer group, known as the American Protective League (APL), headquartered in Washington with branches throughout the county became a quasi-official investigating arm of the Justice Department, with the official task of investigating war-related internal security cases.
		APL units frequently organized plant protection inside factories with government contracts, establishing a secret hierarchy that stretched from company officials and War Department agents to the shop floor where privates watched fellow workers.
		APL members were recalled to serve government agencies of various sorts in the 1920s.
	hnn.us /articles/960.html (1996 words)

	Civil Liberties During Wartime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In addition, Japanese Americans were banned from serving in the U.S. military until the 100th Battalion was formed in 1943.
		In contrast, Japansese Americans on the West Coast were not essential to the economy, and in fact were in often seen as unwanted competitors in the agricultural industry.
		Despite the clear violation of civil liberties shown by the US government during these trials, the American public was compelled to be loyal to its government because of a widespread sense that of paranoia.
	www.plu.edu /~cvlright/history/home.html (3148 words)

	The Rise of American Fascism
		Americans did rally around the Spanish-America War to a degree, but there was also a large and loud segment of anti-war protestors during that war as well.
		Americans were taking much of the credit for winning the war as well, yet the Europeans had been in the war since 1914.
		American banks and businesses continued to support the Fascist regimes of Europe legally up until the day Germany declared war on America and the activities were stopped under the Trading with the Enemy Act.
	www.rationalrevolution.net /articles/rise_of_american_fascism.htm (15561 words)

	American League \| BaseballLibrary.com
		The American League was the brainchild of Ban Johnson, the president of the Western League, which was the strongest minor league in the 1890s.
		By 1900 it was renamed the American League, and in 1901 it went into open competition with the National League, the only other major league at the time.
		The American League based its popularity on its contrast to the rowdyism of the National League, with Johnson especially noted for his strong support of the league's umpires.
	www.baseballlibrary.com /baseballlibrary/ballplayers/A/American_League.stm (12219 words)

	League of American Bicyclists * Position Statements
		The League recommends that cyclists frequently check their helmets for wear and damage, and replace the helmets every few years and/or in the event of a crash, in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations.
		The League recommends that all of its affiliated bicycle clubs encourage their members and other bicyclists who participate in club rides to wear such helmets.
		In states retaining the rule of contributory negligence, protective equipment laws should include a provision to the effect that failure to use such equipment shall not be admissible as evidence of negligence in a court of law.
	www.bikeleague.org /about/positions/helmetuse.php (382 words)

	AMERICAN FOOTBALL \| CAR AND MOTORCYCLE INSURANCE HASTINGS DIRECT
		American football is indeed quite physical in comparison to other major American team sports, such as basketball and baseball.
		Tackle football is often banned in American schoolyards in favor of touch football, which uses two-hand touching instead of tackling; or flag football in which a player is "tackled" when an opponent pulls a flag off a belt attached to the player's waist.
		Both American football and soccer have their origins in varieties of football played in the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century, and American football is directly descended from rugby football.
	www.solarnavigator.net /sport/american_football.htm (5465 words)

	The Roaring 20s and the Roots of American Fascism
		These groups were fashioned in such a way as to appeal to a large segment of the population by invoking a false sense of patriotism, while the directors and operating officers remained fully under the control of the elite.
		While the overwhelming majority of Americans were isolationists, right-wing pressure was strong enough that President Wilson sent a small contingent of forces into Russia with the limitation that they could not intervene in Russian domestic affairs.
		The Wobblies, seeking to protect themselves from mob violence, stationed armed members inside the hall, across the street and on a hilltop overlooking the street.
	www.spiritone.com /~gdy52150/1920sp4.html (5311 words)

	"Under the guise of dealing with wartime emergencies" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Such was the aim of the National Security League, a group of virulent patriots whose great contribution to the war effort was to invade motion picture houses and harangue their captive audiences with four-minute speeches designed to arouse anti-German passions and sell Liberty Bonds.
		The American Protective League, working under the Department of Justice, made its mission the ferreting of "spies" and "German agents." Virtually everyone with a name that smacked of teutonic antecedents was investigated and sometimes harassed to the verge of suicide.
		Naturally, Americans were revolted by the whole Russian mess, and, in the United States, the Russian name "Bolshevik" (meaning originally the "larger" or "majority" party), came to stand for all the pentup hate, prejudice and frustration generated by the organizations described above and by the war itself.
	www.thoughtviper.com /bbb/bbbp2.html (1403 words)

	American Propaganda During World War I: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The need for a fuller exploration of the public-private cooperative enterprise to mobilize the American public during World War I is one motivation for the present paper.
		Thus the preparedness lobby represented a reaction by politically conservative forces in American society to counter the domestic peace movement and progressive reform.
		The foes of American intervention into World War I may have lost their battle with history, but remembering their struggle is a worthwhile endeavor.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/robertwells.html (11729 words)

	TAP: Vol 13, Iss. 2. Liberty Since 9-11. Paul Starr. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The socialist leader Eugene V. Debs received a 10-year prison sentence for a speech in which he told a crowd: "You need to know that you are fit for something better than slavery and cannon fodder." Another socialist, Mrs.
		Even more insidiously, the Wilson administration organized an American Protective League made up of a quarter of a million civilians, who opened letters, wiretapped phones, and conducted such vigilante actions as raids on German language newspapers.
		It is clear that "unlawful combatants" come under a well-recognized exception to international legal protections of captured soldiers; the legitimate question, however, is who comes under the rubric of "unlawful combatant." Much depends on the actual use of the tribunals.
	www.prospect.org /print/V13/2/starr-p.html (681 words)

	TomPaine.com - Big Brother's History
		American history is littered with examples of similar instances of security programs gone awry.
		In the 20th century, this history of misuse of security programs begins with World War I. A government-sponsored volunteer (read: vigilante) group, the American Protective League, was created to assist the Justice Department and military intelligence, resulting in nearly 2,000 prosecutions for allegedly “disloyal” utterances by Americans.
		Upwards of 1,600 Americans were on the NSA watch list, with an average of about 800 at any given time.
	www.tompaine.com /articles/2006/05/25/big_brothers_history.php (1215 words)

	Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Final Report of the Senate Committee to Study Governmental ...
		In the 1960s and early 1970s, the international correspondence of large numbers of Americans who challenged the condition of racial minorities or who opposed the war in Vietnam was specifically targeted for mail opening by both the CIA and FBI.
		In the 1960s and early 1970s, racist groups used force to deprive Americans of their civil rights, some American dissidents engaged in violence as a form of political protest, and there were large-scale protest demonstrations and major civil disorders in cities stemming from minority frustrations.
		The policies of investigating Americans thought to have a "potential" for violence and the collection of general intelligence on political and social movements inevitably resulted in the surveillance of American citizens and domestic groups engaged in lawful political activity.
	www.icdc.com /~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIcb.htm (6148 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The American Protective Tariff League of- fers to the undergraduate students of senior classes in the colleges and universities in the United States a series of prizes for essays.
		Essays must be forwarded to The American Protective Tariff League, No. I35 West Twenty-third Street, New York City, on or before April I, i899.
		The manuscript of each contestant must be accompanied by the full name and address of the writer, to- gether with certificate of standing, signed by some officer of the college or university to which he belongs.
	www-tech.mit.edu /archives/VOL_018/TECH_V018_S0205_P005.txt (582 words)

	The American Protective League - John Taylor Gatto
		The "Anti-Yellow Dog League" was one of these, composed of schoolboys above the age of ten, who searched out disloyalty each day from one of its thousand branches nationwide, barking like German shepherds when a disloyal yellow dog, otherwise someone looking like you or me, was flushed from cover and branded.
		One, the American Protective League (APL), earned semi-official status in the national surveillance game, in time growing to enormous size.
		He was instructed to prove this by preaching and praying it in private as well as in public, which he agreed to do.
	www.johntaylorgatto.com /chapters/11g.htm (396 words)

	Tulane Manuscripts Department - World War I
		According to the APL’s letterhead, it was "organized with approval and operation under the direction of the U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Investigation." Directors of its New Orleans office were Charles Weinberger, Chief, and A.G. Newmeyer and M.M. Levy, Deputy Chiefs.
		The collection is mainly circulars from the league office calling meetings or ordering general investigations and carbons of reports made by agent # 849 [Ralph Levy?] to the league, regarding persons suspected of pro-German sentiments.
		He also discusses the fighting methods of the Zoaves and Americans; the Chateau Thierry attack; Generals Clemenceau, Foch, Helm; the army of Paris; and his physical condition before and after the war.
	www.tulane.edu /~lmiller/WWI.htm (2104 words)

	Women's Trade Union League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The WTUL had a strong reformist agenda, "sponsored a combination of vocational training and protective legislation," and quickly emerged as one of the most liberal organizations of its kind.
		Eleanor Roosevelt became an active league member in 1922, cementing her ties to figures like Rose Schneiderman and Margaret Dreier Robins.
		Despite the league's closeness to the White House during the Roosevelt years, the WTUL's role grew increasingly irrelevant once labor unions allowed women to join on a widespread basis.
	www.nps.gov /elro/glossary/womens-trade-union-league.htm (376 words)

	American Chronicle: The Song That Is Irresistible: How the State Leads People to Their Own Destruction
		If it protects them at all, however, it does so only as a shepherd protects his captive flock: not because he recognizes and respects the natural rights of his sheep, but only to keep them unmolested in his sole possession and control until he finds it expedient to shear or slaughter them.
		Like the ancient Israelites, we Americans shall never have real, lasting peace so long as we give our allegiance to a king—that is, in our case, to the whole conglomeration of institutionalized exploiters and murderers we know as the state.
		American Chronicle is a trademark of Ultio LLC.
	www.americanchronicle.com /articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=41152 (4396 words)

	Eavesdropping Detection History
		The League has found thousands of deserters, located thousands of men who had refused to take out their second naturalization papers, thousands who were skulkers and draft evaders.
		It was found in hundreds of cases and the knowledge was invariable suppressed that an alien suspect's sudden and mysterious shifts and changes, his suspicious and watchful conduct, his evasive acts, all had to do with nothing more that the fact that the man has a mistress or so in another part of the city.
		The League brought up from the deep-sea soundings of its steels meshes all the sordid and unworthy phases of human life on the part of both men and women.
	www.spybusters.com /History_1917_APL.html (4123 words)

	Worst President Ever? Are you serious? - Aldaynet - The reason "they" hate us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Over 1000 people died, including 128 Americans (a little reported fact is the Lusitania was also carrying millions of pounds of US munitions…yes, on a passenger ship).
		During that time his power was not delegated to his VP, no, his wife, Edith Wilson, basically ran the office of the President and made sure to keep her ailing husband away from fellow politicians and out of the public eye.
		Since most American politicians aren’t too keen on unelected housewives controlling the country, the 25th Amendment was eventually ratified, which allows for the removal of a President unable to perform his Constitutional duties.
	www.aldaynet.org /2006/12/15/worst-president-ever-are-you-serious (1990 words)

	The Struggle For Homogeneity - John Taylor Gatto
		European immigrants were polarizing the country, upsetting the "homogeneity on which free government must rest." That idea of a necessary homogeneity made it certain that all lanes out of the 1880s led to orthodoxy on a national scale.
		Even before WWI added its own shrill hysterics to the national project of regimentation, new social agencies were in full cry on every front, aggressively taking the battle of Americanization to millions of bewildered immigrants and their children.
		The elite-managed "birth-control" movement, which culminated one hundred years later in the legalization of abortion, became visible and active during this period, annually distributing millions of pieces of literature aimed at controlling lower-class breeding instincts, an urgent priority on the national elitist agenda.
	www.rit.edu /~cma8660/mirror/www.johntaylorgatto.com/chapters/11a.htm (647 words)

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