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Topic: American Railway Union

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	Pullman Palace Car Strike
		Consequently, when the ARU challenged the Pullman company in 1894, it was the fl porters and other fl railroad men who did not come to the Union's aid.
		The African American railroad workers' efforts was apparently successful because the Pullman Company defeated the strike and the ARU soon lost its power then eventually became non-existent.
		When we were organizing the American Railway Union in 1893, I stood on the floor of that Convention all through its deliberations appealing to the delegates to open the door to admit the colored as well as the white man upon equal terms.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/acs/1890s/pullman/strike.html (612 words)

	Gilded Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the generation of the American Civil War and Reconstruction of the South, this period corresponded with the Second Industrial Revolution and the greatest economic, territorial, industrial, and population expansion in American history.
		The Gilded Age was rooted in heavy American industrialization, the construction of railroads and the expansion of the American West.
		Unions were especially opposed to the influx of Chinese labor because it caused competition between the immigrants and the original citizens.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gilded_Age (1095 words)

	American Railway Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American Railway Union (ARU), was the largest union of its time, and the first industrial union in the United States.
		It was founded on June 20, 1893, by railway workers gathered in Chicago, Illinois, and under the leadership of Eugene V. Debs (locomotive fireman and later Socialist Presidential candidate), the ARU, unlike the trade unions, incorporated a policy of unionizing all railway workers, regardless of craft or service.
		In June, the ARU convened in Chicago to discuss the ongoing Pullman Strike.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Railway_Union (425 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Debs,
		In 1893 he founded the American Railway Union and led it in a secondary strike on behalf of the Pullman workers in 1894 (see PULLMAN STRIKE).
		The strike was broken by the intervention of federal troops and Debs was imprisoned in 1895 for...
		President of the American Railway Union (1893–97), he was imprisoned during the Pullman Strike (1894).
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Debs, (1518 words)

	American Railway Union -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		On June 20, 1893, railway workers gathered in Chicago, Illinois, and founded the American Railway Union (ARU), the largest union of its time, and the first (A labor union that admits all workers in a given industry irrespective of their craft) industrial union in the United States.
		Under the leadership of long-time locomotive fireman (United States labor organizer who ran for President as a socialist (1855-1926)) Eugene V. Debs, the ARU, unlike the trade unions, incorporated a policy of unionizing all railway workers, regardless of craft or service.
		In June, the ARU convened in Chicago to discuss the ongoing (additional info and facts about Pullman Strike) Pullman Strike.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/am/american_railway_union.htm (449 words)

	The Labor Movement in the Public Eye
		It appeared to the American people that the labor unions were fighting for better working conditions one minute, and the next it appeared that they were leading a revolution against business and government.
		The Unions' contributions to society were often over-shadowed by the violence used to bring about necessary changes in the treatment of the common working American.
		American society of the late 1800's opposed the labor movement because the movement was seen as being made up of violent troublemakers and anarchists.
	www.ilwu19.com /edu/public.htm (1102 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The American Railway Union (ARU), was the largest union of its time, and the first industrial union in the United States.
		It was founded on June 20 1893, by railway workers gathered in Chicago, Illinois, and under the leadership of Eugene V. Debs (locomotive fireman and later Socialist Presidential candidate), the ARU, unlike the trade unions, incorporated a policy of unionizing all railway workers, regardless of craft or service.
		By July 7, Debs and seven other ARU leaders were arrested and later tried and convicted for conspiracy to halt the free flow of mail.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=American_Railway_Union (461 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Essays: The Iron Horse: The impact of the railroads on 19th century American ...
		From Revolution to Reconstruction: Essays: The Iron Horse: The impact of the railroads on 19th century American society: The American Railway Union (23/30)
		Before that, the only trade unions on the railroads had been the various brotherhoods, a separate one for each of the main occupations in railroading.
		In the following spring he was one of the founders of the American Railway Union and became its president.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/ironhorse/ironhorse23.htm (634 words)

	American Railway Union - Definition, explanation
		On June 20, 1893, railway workers gathered in Chicago, Illinois, and founded the American Railway Union (ARU), the largest union of its time, and the first industrial union in the United States.
		In June, the ARU convened in Chicago to discuss the ongoing Pullman Strike.
		ARU workers refused to handle trains with Pullman cars and the boycott became a great success, especially along the transcontinental lines going west of Chicago.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/am/american_railway_union.php (412 words)

	Eugene V Debs Union Leader, Brotherhood Locomotive Firemen and American Railway Union
		In 1893, the ARU called a strike against the Great Northern Railroad, which was an extremely important railroad carrying freight and passengers west from Milwaukee to the Pacific Northwest.
		Perhaps this success gave the ARU membership an excessive sense of optimism and power, which would prove to be the union’s undoing.
		In summary, half of Debs’ adult life was spend as union leader, and the remaining half was spent attempting to advance workers’ rights through the political arena, advocating the right to organize and to strike, restrictions on child labor, and job security.
	www.eugenevdebs.com /pages/union.html (1128 words)

	California Historian
		His model was the industrial union format of the Knights of Labor which, since the 1870s, had sought to bring all workers into one big union, in competition with the crafts-based American Federation of Labor and the older Railroad Brotherhoods.
		But the embittered Pullman workers were determined to hold the line on their demands despite American Railway Union President Debs' counsel and his basic reluctance to resort to a strike except as a last resort.
		That city was headquarters of the American Railway Union and the main Midwestern crossroads terminal of major railroads from the Eastern cities and trans-Mississippi lines to the West Coast.
	www.californiahistorian.com /articles/pullman-strike.html (4258 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Eugene Debs
		Eugene Debs began working on the railroads at age 14, and in 1893, at age 38, he founded the American Railway Union.
		The union dissolved after a violent strike in 1894.
		Debs served a six-month jail sentence for his participation in the strike and turned to radical politics soon after being released.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461516247/Eugene_Debs.html (77 words)

	WowEssays.com - Early Strikes Of The American Labor Movement
		Soon after the men learned of his plan to smash the union, they were left with a proposition: settle on his terms in one month, or the company would stop dealing with the union.
		He said the union was meddling with the mail, interstate commerce, or the operation of twenty-three railroads now involved in the strike.
		The union claimed that the riot was not cause by strikers, but with the presence of so many soldiers, the strikers soon became discouraged.
	www.wowessays.com /dbase/ad1/aym76.shtml (3178 words)

	Straight Track #55 Debs Was First Rail Trade Unionist To Champion Unity
		This trait brought him much admiration from union members, but it also brought him much trouble when he fought against "the establishment." His American Railway Union foundered and died after the U.S. Government sided with the railroads and broke the "Pullman Strike" with armed force.
		After the ARU died, ending Debs' dream of a great industry-wide union, he became disillusioned and turned Socialist as the only way to improve the working man's lot against the forces of management allied with government.
		Legal protection of employees' rights to membership in a labor union, a limit on the use of injunctions in labor disputes, lawful status of picketing and other union activities, and requirement of employers to bargain collectively.
	www.felahfd.com /HFD5/ST55_newsletter.htm (1254 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Pan-American Union
		Pan-American Union, the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, which predates that organization.
		The Governing Board of the Pan-American Union at its January meeting considered a comprehensive report on the relations of the Union and other Pan-American organizations, as well as relations with the League of Nations, as suggested by the Colombian Government.
		The Pan-American Union was re-organized by the Mexico City Conference to enable it to cope with its responsibilities enlarged by the war and inter-American activities.
	encarta.msn.com /Pan-American_Union.html (198 words)

	Trade Unions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The act forbade unions from contributing to political campaigns and required union leaders to affirm they were not supporters of the Communist Party.
		The trade union is a government of workingmen, by workingmen, for workingmen, and the framers of its constitution have been workingmen.
		The common rule as to strikes is this: Not merely do the employees quit the employment, and thus handicap the employer in the use of his property, and perhaps in the discharge of duties which he owes to the public; but they also forcibly prevent others from taking their places.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAunion.htm (3043 words)

	Mitch Daniels Pulls Plug On Unions
		The ink was barely dry on his hands when state employees’ began to express concern about the future of their jobs and the eventual privatization of their jobs.
		That is, the right to form and join unions in order to bargain with their employers for a better workplace and a better life.
		There were some very strong names in union history: Bill Sylvis, founder of the National Labor Union in 1866; Albert Parsons, leader of a massive strike in 1886 known as the May-Day strike; Eugene Debs, American Railway Union; and of course Jimmy Hoffa, Teamster’s Union (disappeared and missing for almost forty years).
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/apr/article055.html (557 words)

	Untitled Document
		It was seen as a great American landmark, showing the possibility of harmony between factory owners and workers, away from the harmful atmosphere of the corrupting cities.
		Now the union called on its workers everywhere to boycott the Pullman Cars, to refuse to attach them to trains or to work on trains to which they were attached.
		Eugene Debs, President of the American Railway Union, was jailed for contempt of court and interference with the mails.
	marchand.ucdavis.edu /lessons/HS/PullmanHS.htm (2937 words)

	Indiana in the Spanish-American War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Idaho and Wyoming are admitted to the Union as the 43rd and 44th states (Carruth, 354).
		American Sanford Dole, protected by U.S. Marines, heads a provisional government, which is ended on April 13 (Carruth, 362, 364).
		Strike at the Pullman railroad car plant in south Chicago begins; a general railway strike by the American Railway Union, headed by Eugene V. Debs of Indiana, follows (Carruth, 369).
	www.statelib.lib.in.us /www/ihb/publications/tlsp.html (2078 words)

	At Home: 1850: THE AMERICAN RAILWAY UNION
		This is an association of about 150,000 railroad employees, as alleged, organized at Chicago on the 20th of June, 1893, for the purpose of including railway employees born of white parents in one great brotherhood.
		This mistake led the union into a strike purely sympathetic and aided to bring upon it a crushing and demoralizing defeat.
		It is undoubtedly true that the officers and directors of the American Railway Union did not want a strike at Pullman, and that they advised against it, but the exaggerated idea of the power of the union, which induced the workmen at Pullman to join the order, led to their striking against this advice.
	www.museum.state.il.us /exhibits/athome/1850/voices/curtis/aru.htm (458 words)

	Socialist Party of America - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was formed in 1901 by a merger between the Social Democratic Party of Eugene V. Debs, formed three years earlier by veterans of the Pullman Strike of the American Railway Union, and a wing of the older Socialist Labor Party of America.
		In 1928, the Socialist Party returned as an independent electoral entity under the leadership of Norman Thomas, a founder of the American Civil Liberties Union.
		By 1973 the Socialist Party of America had fallen under the control of the right-Shachtmanites and their allies, who renamed it the Social Democrats USA, in pursuit of their strategy of realignment in American politics that sought to realign the Democratic Party on a pro-labor and pro-civil rights basis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America (1301 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Eugene V. Debs
		They sought support from their union, the American Railway Union (ARU), led by Eugene V. Debs, and on June 26 the...
		The cause of the workers was taken up by the powerful American Railway...
		He organized the American Railway Union in 1893 and led it in the PULLMAN STRIKE
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Eugene+V.+Debs (1156 words)

	PROCLAMATION TO AMERICAN RAILWAY UNION
		I need not remind you, comrades of the American Railway Union, that our order in the pursuit of the right was confronted with a storm of opposition such as never beat upon a labor organization in all time.
		To crush the American Railway Union was the one tie that united them all in the bonds of vengeance; it solidified the enemies of labor into one great association, one organization which, by its fabulous wealth, enabled it to bring into action resources aggregating billions of money and every appliance that money could purchase.
		Brothers of the American Railway Union, even in defeat our rewards are grand beyond expression, rewards which come only to brave men, the consciousness of noble deeds performed in the holy cause of labor’s emancipation.
	www.marxists.org /archive/debs/works/1895/aru.htm (790 words)

	The Labor Movement: A Violent Period in American History
		The labor movement of 1865-1919 was initiated by strikes that began because of wage cuts, the new inventions of machinery, and the depersonalization of workers.
		During the late 1800s, the unions were conducting strikes that led to rioting and disorder.
		At the head of the American Railway Union was Eugene V. Debs.
	www.ilwu19.com /history/labor.htm (383 words)

	THE PULLMAN STRIKE OF 1894
		The American Railway Union, with which the Pullman workers were now affiliated, called on its railroad workers everywhere to boycott the Pullman Cars, refusing to attach them to trains or to serve on trains to which.
		The American Railway Union was founded in 1893 as a broad "industrial" union in contrast to the previous pattern of union organizations among railroad workers on narrow craft lines.
		From a statement by the Pullman strikers to the convention of the A.R.U. in Chicago, June 15, 1894.
	marchand.ucdavis.edu /lessons/HS/Pullman.html (9649 words)

	Pullman Strike, Debs, injunctions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		In the company town of Pullman, near Chicago, a strike by American Railway Union workers began as prices and rents remained fixed at their previous levels.
		Eugene Debs and other ARU leaders were arrested for "conspiracy to murder" but this charge dismissed in favor of an injunction violation charge (didn't require a jury).
		The strike contributed to discontent with the Cleveland administration and the Democratic nomination (the Democrats were supported by many workers, especially in the West) of William Jennings Bryan on a new platform calling for unlimited coinage of silver and an end to federal injunctions.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/david16.html (770 words)

	Strike - Eugene Debs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		V. who, as president of the American Railway Union, gave the order for the boycott against the Pullman cars, is a man of thirty-nine, who has been a railway man, a politician, and an editor.
		He declined to accept the gift, and in 1893 set about the organization of the American Railway Union, membership in which is not confined to any branch of railway employees, his idea being, that they would be better able to enforce their demands if all branches of the service combined than if organized separately.
		The Railway Union grew rapidly, and late last year Debs inaugurated the big strike on the Great Northern Railway, which extends northwesterly from St. Paul.
	www.catskillarchive.com /rrextra/sk94debs.Html (425 words)

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