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Topic: American White Pelican

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	Pelican - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modern pelicans are found on all continents except Antarctica: they are birds of inland and coastal waters and are absent from polar regions, the deep ocean, oceanic islands, and inland South America.
		In medieval Europe, the pelican was thought to be particularly attentive to her young, to the point of providing her own blood when no other food was available.
		It also became a symbol in bestiaries for self-sacrifice, and was used in heraldry ("a pelican in her piety" or "a pelican vulning (wounding) herself").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pelican (486 words)

	American White Pelican - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) is a very large (50"–70") white bird with fl wing tips and an enormous orange bill.
		Unlike the Brown Pelican, the American White Pelican does not dive for its food.
		White Pelicans nest in colonies of several hundred pairs on islands in remote brackish and freshwater lakes of inland North America.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_White_Pelican (309 words)

	EEK! - American White Pelican
		White pelicans outside of our state borders can be found along coastal waters in addition to the North American interior.
		Adult white pelicans are one of the largest birds around, weighing 16 pounds with an impressive 9-foot wing span.
		Pelicans lay an average of two eggs and incubate them using their feet since they don't have the typical "brood patch" of bare skin on the belly.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/caer/ce/eek/critter/bird/pelican.htm (550 words)

	Birds, Familiar: American White Pelican, Life Histories of North American Birds, A.C. Bent
		If pelicans and eagles were half as aggressive as hummingbirds or thrushes, collecting their eggs would be a hazardous undertaking; but fortunately for the collectors and for predatory gulls the white pelicans promptly depart and leave their nests to be despoiled.
		White pelicans are particularly silent birds; the only notes that I have heard them utter are the low-toned grunts or subdued croaking notes heard on their breeding grounds and not audible at any great distance.
		Pelicans became pelicans long before man became man, a study of the distribution of the eleven existing species leading to the conclusion that at least as late as the latter part of the Tertiary period our white pelican, and doubtless also other species, presented much the same appearance as it does today.
	birdsbybent.com /ch51-60/wpelican.html (4153 words)

	Birds - American White Pelican
		American white pelicans, one of two species of pelicans in North America, are one of the largest of the boreal birds.
		American white pelicans are highly dependent upon lakes, wetlands and coastal estuaries throughout their life cycles.
		American white pelicans breed in two separate groupings, populations west of the Rocky Mountains tend to migrate over deserts and winter on the Pacific Coast.
	www.nature.org /animals/birds/animals/pelican.html (233 words)

	American White Pelican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		White pelican's migrate to more southern latitudes during the fall and winter months, some as far south as Panama.
		The smaller, darker birds in the foreground are brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), a close relative of the the American white pelican.
		White pelican breeding grounds include the northern plain states of the U.S. and the southern prairie provinces of Canada.
	www2.canisius.edu /~noonan/cac2004_prairie/white_pelican.htm (363 words)

	IBRRC: White Pelican info
		White pelicans appear totally white when resting, but once they open their wings, the leading edge feathers are fl.
		White pelicans have a vertebra in their necks that prevents them from ever lifting their faces so they always have a bowed head.
		White pelicans feed on a variety of fish, and occasionally salamanders and crayfish, from the surface of the water.
	www.ibrrc.org /pelican_white_ed.html (589 words)

	Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
		There is a record of pelicans nesting on Rock Island, Utah Lake in 1904 (Goodwin 1904) and two records of pelicans nesting in greasewood hummocks southwest of Farmington Bay WMA in 1973 and 1974 (C. Jensen, pers.
		American white pelicans migrate from northern breeding areas, but are year round residents in Texas (Chapman 1988) and Mexico.
		American white pelicans are diurnal and nocturnal foragers.
	dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov /rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=peleeryt (796 words)

	Wildlife Viewing - Species Spotlight - American White Pelican
		In flight, white pelicans have a graceful strong flight and usually fly in large flocks high in the air and in a V formation.
		During the height of the plume trade in the late 1800s, the feathers of white pelicans were in demand, though they were not as coveted as the delicate plumes of herons and egrets.
		White pelicans and brown pelicans also suffered population declines in the 1960s and 1970s due to death from direct exposure to pesticides and from reproductive failure due to eggshell thinning.
	myfwc.com /viewing/species/whtpelican.htm (301 words)

	American White Pelican
		The American white Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) is an impressively large bird with a wingspan of 8-9 ½ '.
		White pelicans are not as openly social as their brown counterparts.
		White pelicans nest in colonies on the ground, in mangroves, or on low cliffs.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/tropical_neotropical_birds/79742 (435 words)

	American White Pelican
		A Pelican had been grazed on the hind part of the head with an ounce ball from a musket, and yet five days afterwards it was apparently convalescent, and had become quite gentle.
		The general colour of the plumage is pure white; the crest, the elongated feathers on the fore part of the breast, and those near the edge of the cubitus, pale yellow.
		The inner ten secondaries are white, the rest fl, more or less tipped with greyish-white, their bases white, that colour more extended on the inner than the outer, the shafts of all the quills white beneath, those of the secondaries tinged with grey.
	www.audubon.org /bird/boa/F41_G4a.html (4212 words)

	NatureWorks - White Pelican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The American white pelican lives on inland shallow freshwater lakes, wet prairies and marshes in the summer and on coastal lagoons in the winter.
		The American white pelican is clumsy on land, but it is a good swimmer and very graceful in flight.
		American white pelicans fly in flocks in a long line, with their necks necks bent back over their bodies.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/whitepelican.htm (492 words)

	White Pelican: WhoZoo
		During winters the pelican is found along the Pacific coast from central California and southern Arizona south along the western lowlands of Mexico to Guatemala and Nicaragua and from Florida and the Gulf states south along the Gulf coast of Mexico to Tabasco and the state of Yucatan.
		Pelicans are naturally very large in size, but in spite of this they can sit high on the water because their bones are full of air and the air sacs in their body are large.
		The Pelican is in the Kingdom Animalia, the Phylum Chordata, the Subphylum Vertebrata, the Class Aves, the Order Pelecaniformes, the Family Pelecanidae, the Genus Pelecanus, and the American White Pelican is in the Species Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.
	www.whozoo.org /Intro98/stewwarr/stewwarr1.htm (683 words)

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		The American white pelican, one of the heaviest birds capable of flight, is strangely proportioned with comically short legs
		The American white pelican is a common summer resident over most of the state of South Dakota, with the exception of the
		The American white pelican is found on large bodies of water, where it nests on small islands and sandbars with gentle
	www.northern.edu /natsource/BIRDS/Americ1.htm (581 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Pelecanidae - American White Pelican (Pelecanus ...
		The body of the Brown Pelican is brown-gray streaked with white and the bill is gray.
		The abdomen of the immature Brown Pelican is white, but the back is still brown.
		Behavior: The American White Pelican captures fish while swimming or wading in shallow water using the beak as a fish net and straining the water from the pouch.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/pelican/Perythro.htm (298 words)

	Pelican at exZOOberance!
		Pelican, common name for the species of a genus of large birds having a long, large, flattened bill, the upper mandible terminated by a strong hook that curves over the tip of the lower one.
		The American white pelican, which breeds in the western part of the United States and Canada and winters east to Florida, is distinguished by its fl wing tips.
		The brown pelican is classified as Pelecanus occidentalis, the Peruvian pelican as Pelecanus occidentalis thagus, the American white pelican as Pelecanus erythorhynchos, and the Australian pelican as Pelecanus conspicillatus.
	www.exzooberance.com /virtual%20zoo/they%20fly/pelican/pelican.htm (394 words)

	White Pelican
		The white pelican of North America is a large, web-footed bird with an enormous throat pouch for scooping up fish.
		Pelicans are heavy-bodied birds with short legs and thick, rough plumage.
		The white pelican catches fish by scooping them up in its pouch as it swims, while the brown pelican dives from the air to catch its prey, and is usually found along sea coasts.
	www.nature.ca /notebooks/english/wpelican.htm (142 words)

	BC Parks - White Pelican Provincial Park, Chilcotin Plateau, British Columbia
		White Pelican Provincial Park, located northwest of Williams Lake on the Chilcotin Plateau, provides a sanctuary for one of the world’s most beautiful birds, the White Pelican.
		These pelicans are colonial nesters, with Stum Lake being the only nesting location in B.C. For nesting, the American white pelican requires isolated lakes with a food source nearby.
		White Pelican Provincial Park is located approximately 38 miles (60 km) northwest of Williams Lake on the Chilcotin Plateau, 11 miles (18 km) north of Alexis Creek.
	www.britishcolumbia.com /parks/?id=44 (628 words)

	American White Pelican Detailed Information - Montana Animal Field Guide
		American White Pelicans in Montana are long-distance migrants.
		American White Pelicans occur on a variety of aquatic and wetland habitats, including rivers, lakes, reservoirs (both large and small), estuaries, bays, marshes, and sometimes in inshore marine habitats.
		American White Pelicans arrive at Montana colonies in April, egg-laying and incubation occur during late April through May, young are born in late May and June, and juveniles remain in the colonies until mid-August (P. Hendricks personal observation, E. Madden and M. Restani personal communication).
	fwp.mt.gov /fieldguide/detail_ABNFC01010.aspx (1793 words)

	TERMINAL EGG NEGLECT IN THE AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Terminal-egg chilling and hatching intervals in the American White Pelican.
		The possibility that American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), which exhibit hatch asynchrony and a high probability of brood reduction, selectively neglect their terminal, or b-egg was examined by monitoring temperatures of artificial eggs.
		In the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), brood re- duction affecting primarily the younger of the two siblings is virtually obligate (Cash and Evans 1986).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Wilson/v102n04/p0684-p0692.html (5906 words)

	Species species-07
		These pelicans are colonial nesters with Stum Lake being the only nesting location in B.C. They are a fish eating species that feed from the surface in shallow water.
		American white pelicans migrate seasonally between the breeding area at Stum Lake, on the Chilcotin Plateau, and wintering areas in southern California.
		For foraging, American white pelicans require shallow water (0.3-2.5 m) with abundant non-game fish populations (e.g., squawfish, chub and sucker).
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /tasb/legsregs/fpc/fpcguide/other/species/species-07.htm (449 words)

	Let's Go Birding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		There are 7 species of pelicans in the world, and in North American we have two, the American White and the Brown.
		In the 1960's and 1970's the Brown Pelican population was devastated by the pesticide DDT which had worked its way into the food chain.
		When the pelicans sat on their nests the eggs were crushed and nests failed.
	www.letsgobirding.com /WhitePelican.htm (568 words)

	Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge: American White Pelicans
		Although awkward and clumsy on land, the white pelican is somewhat of an "acrobat" in the sky.
		It is believed that the majority of the Chase Lake Pelicans migrate to the Gulf Coast, primarily in Louisiana and Mississippi for the winter.
		Adult pelicans begin to arrive at Chase Lake NWR in early to mid-April and nesting starts at the beginning of May. The first chicks begin to hatch in early June.
	www.fws.gov /arrowwood/chaselake_nwr/pelicans.html (633 words)

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		Most white pelicans return to the state in early April, although some early migrants arrive in late March.
		Pelicans feed mostly on fish, although they are known to eat crayfish and salamanders as well.
		Pelicans are protected by state and federal law.
	www.northern.edu /natsource/birds/americ1.htm (581 words)

	American White Pelican at Redberry Lake
		Perhaps due to increasing predation, the pelican colony at the lake shifted from Pelican Island to the smaller New Tern Island between 1985 and 1996.
		Pelicans have made a remarkable recovery since DDT was banned in North America and conservation programs like the Redberry Pelican Project put in place.
		Because of its successful recovery, the American white pelican was moved from "Endangered" status in 1985.
	members.shaw.ca /mjfinley/pelicanmain.html (512 words)

	All About Birds
		Breeding on lakes throughout the northern Great Plains and mountain West, the American White Pelican is one of the largest birds in North America.
		The White Pelican does not dive for fish as the Brown Pelican does.
		Several pelicans may fish cooperatively, moving into a circle to concentrate fish, and then dipping their heads under simultaneously to catch fish.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/American_White_Pelican.html (137 words)

	Everglades National Park White Pelican
		The pelicans lower their bills and capture some fish in their net-like pouches.
		White Pelicans are not as approachable as Brown Pelicans; they shy away from people and developed areas.
		Look for wintering White Pelicans on the mudflat at low tide (visible from the visitor center breezeway), at the end of the Snake Bight Trail, and elsewhere in Florida Bay.
	www.nps.gov /ever/eco/wpelican.htm (376 words)

	The White Pelican: An Endangered Species
		Status: Although it was removed from the national list of threatened species in 1987, the American white pelican is still considered endangered in Alberta.
		Risk factors: The most significant effect on white pelican populations in Alberta is disturbance of their breeding sites, by humans or industrial activity.
		It is illegal to kill white pelicans or to disturb their eggs or nests at any time in Alberta.
	raysweb.net /specialplaces/pages/pelican.html (417 words)

	American White Pelican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This immense white bird, with its fl-tipped wings and long, yellow-pouched bill, is one of our most conspicuous winter residents.
		Although American White Pelicans are not known to nest in our state, flocks numbering over one thousand individuals are sometimes present along our coast throughout the summer.
		Spring departure begins in April and continues through May. The principal breeding grounds for the American White Pelican are lakes in western Canada and in the northwestern United States, but since at least the late 1950's sizable colonies numbering sometimes over 500 pairs have nested on South Bird Island in Laguna Madre in southern Texas.
	losbird.org /awpe.htm (140 words)

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