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Topic: American Woodcock

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	Ruffed Grouse Society - American Woodcock Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There are two major woodcock populations in North America, with each inhabiting a separate region: the Eastern Region is from the Appalachian Mountains east; and the Central Region is from west of the Appalachians to the Great Plains.
		Woodcock are about the size of robins, and their plumage is an overall mottled russet or brown.
		American woodcock may be scattered, concentrated or absent depending on the time of year, weather conditions or habitat.
	www.ruffedgrousesociety.org /woodcock_facts.asp (1761 words)

	Use of Fluorescent Powder for Tracking American Woodcock Broods
		Five of 31 woodcock chicks marked with powder in 1992 and 1993 were recaptured in mist nets later in the summer, a recovery rate of 16.1%.
		The recapture rates of nonpowdered, hatch-year woodcocks on the GPSA during 1992-1993 was 13.8% (10 of 72).
		Woodcock chicks were located in May and June of 1992 and 1993 using flushing and pointing dogs, and captured by hand or in hand-held nets (as described by Ammann 1981).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v112n04/p1043-p1045.html (3335 words)

	Wildlife Profile: American woodcock - N.H. Fish and Game
		With mottled brown feathers, the woodcock is nearly invisible as it sits fight among the dry leaves of the forest floor.
		Woodcock perform a unique courtship display at dawn and dusk upon arrival on the "singing grounds" in spring.
		Woodcock were common in New Hampshire during the peak of farm abandonment.
	wildlife.state.nh.us /Wildlife/Wildlife_profiles/profile_woodcock.htm (634 words)

	Woodcock - Gardening
		The woodcock's head is large in relation to its body and has eyes located high on the sides.
		Woodcock's habitat varies widely in type of plant life and plant or tree density.
		Woodcocks live an average of 10 months but those who survive their first summer may live up to 22 months.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art3600.asp (1828 words)

	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Migratory Bird Management, AMERICAN WOODCOCK HARVEST AND BREEDING POPULATION ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Woodcock are difficult to find and count because of their cryptic coloration, small size, and preference for areas with dense vegetation.
		Woodcock are managed on the basis of 2 regions or populations, Eastern and Central, as recommended by Owen et al.
		In most states, the peak of courtship activity (including local woodcock and woodcock still migrating) occurred earlier in the spring and local reproduction may have already been underway when the survey was conducted.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps2111/wdckrept.html (3072 words)

	American Woodcock Abundance in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Identification: The American woodcock is a short-legged, plump bird, with a two-and-a-half inch long bill, which it uses to probe the soil in search of earthworms.
		Interesting Facts: The American woodcock, also known as "timber-doodle", is a bird of the forest despite its classification in the sandpiper family.
		During the summer months, woodcock are primarily active during the daylight hours, feeding and resting in pole-sized hardwood, mixed hardwood and conifer, or alder stands.
	www.netwizardry.com /envscience/AmericanWoodcockAbundance.htm (820 words)

	American Woodcock Species Account - Florida Breeding Bird Atlas
		The nest of the American Woodcock is a slight depression on the ground.
		The American Woodcock is one of the few shorebirds that feeds its young during the first few days after hatching.
		The paucity of American Woodcock breeding records in Florida may reflect an actual scarcity of the bird in the state or may indicate the difficulty in detecting it.
	wld.fwc.state.fl.us /bba/AMWO.htm (502 words)

	* Woodcock - (Bird): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The American Woodcock is seldom seen, because its coloring makes it nearly invisible against a background of dried leaves...
		Woodcocks normally migrate at night, moving across the countryside in loose, scattered congregations at low altitudes, but on 31 October 1931 I saw one in broad daylight at Black River flying overhead at an altitude of perhaps 100 m,...
		The American Woodcock may be related to similar looking sandpipers such as the and and, but are upland birds found in thickets and forest edges.
	www.bestknows.com /bird/woodcock.html (370 words)

	Sexual Development During Winter in Male American Woodcock
		This assumption is supported by evidence that male woodcock initiate spring migration to the breeding grounds several weeks before females (Glasgow 1958, Owen 1977) and that migration commonly begins by early to mid- February (Glasgow 1958, Stamps and Doerr 1976, Roberts 1978).
		Woodcock are among the earliest breeders of North American avifauna, but the chronological pattern of their reproductive cycle has not been adequately described.
		This study was undertaken to delineate the sexual development in the male segment of the population during winter and to determine whether or not physiological differences exist between adult and subadult males.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v097n04/p0879-p0881.html (1403 words)

	Woodcock - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The woodcock are a group of 7 very similar wading bird species in the genus Scolopax, characterised by a long slender bill and cryptic brown and flish plumage.
		Only two woodcocks are widespread, the others being localised island species.
		These are woodland birds which feed at night or in the evenings, searching for invertebrates in soft ground with their long bills.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Woodcock (140 words)

	American Woodcock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Woodcock are native Ohio shorebirds that prefer a combination of wet, early successional under story and drier uplands.
		Woodcock nests are often placed near the edge of wooded areas, not far from their singing grounds.
		Woodcock habitat is characterized by moderate numbers of shrubs, seedling and sapling trees, interspersed with weedy or grassy openings.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /wildlife/Resources/wildnotes/pub313.htm (1265 words)

	Audubon WatchList - American Woodcock
		American Woodcock is an extremely distinctive shorebird, both in terms of appearance and behavior.
		American Woodcock is essentially a bird of eastern North America, with its breeding range stretching from the Maritime Provinces to eastern Manitoba in the north, and from southern Georgia to eastern Texas in the south.
		American Woodcock probes for items in the ground with its long bill; earthworms are the major component of its diet, but insect larvae and other invertebrates are also important.
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=10 (1074 words)

	American Woodcock
		Woodcock are sometimes found in stands of mature forest, but only if there is a dense understory (Sheldon 1967; Rabe 1977).
		Woodcock are managed on the basis of two regional populations, the eastern and the central (Owen et al.
		The major causes of the long-term decline in woodcock populations are not known but probably result from degradation and loss of suitable habitat on both the breeding and the wintering grounds (Owen et al.
	biology.usgs.gov /s+t/SNT/noframe/ne122.htm (1940 words)

	American Woodcock
		American Woodcocks build their nests on the ground in open woods or brushy fields.
		Woodcocks leave at dusk as flocks of a few to 50 birds begin to fly at low altitudes toward their winter homes in the southeast coastal plain and along the Gulf Coast.
		American Woodcocks breed from southern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and west to the eastern edge of the Great Plains.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /BOW/awcock (572 words)

	American Woodcock
		Woodcock are rarely sighted, and when they are, they are usually identified only as "what was that?" A name taken from a person new to hiking who has come too close and flushed a Woodcock, jumped, felt his heart in his mouth and yelled, "what was that?"
		The Woodcock is a very common resident from March to October in the northern half of the USA and it is difficult to tell the difference between the sexes or large immature birds because they all are marked similarly.
		Habitat management for woodcock can be similar to that for grouse but the ground used is often lower and can be next to a marsh in the long grass.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/birding/39001 (1042 words)

	Birds, Familiar: American Woodcock, Life Histories of North American Birds, A.C. Bent
		The woodcock's nest is usually in some swampy thicket or on the edge of the woods, near an open pasture, field, or clearing; and here in the nearest open space, preferably on some knoll or low hillside within hearing of his sitting mate, the male woodcock entertains her with his thrilling performance.
		Woodcocks are early breeders and it sometimes happens that nests are buried under late falls of snow; in such cases the birds continue to sit as long as it is possible to do so.
		Behavior.--The woodcock is so nocturnal or crepuscular in its habits that it remains quietly hidden in its favorite covers during the day and is seldom seen to fly unless disturbed, when it flutters up through the trees with a weak, irregular, or zig-zag flight, dodging the branches.
	birdsbybent.com /ch61-70/woodcock.html (6665 words)

	Characteristics of American Woodcock Wintering in Eastern North Carolina
		Five woodcock were outfitted with radio-transmitters to determine the distance woodcock traveled when moving between nocturnal and diurnal habitat and to determine the daily regularity of these movements on the study area.
		Woodcock locations were plotted on large- scale aerial photographs and later surveyed on the ground.
		Hale woodcock may winter farther north than females in order to be closer to the breeding grounds when migra- tion occurs, thus enabling them to arrive on the breeding grounds earlier than females.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/NABB/v010n03/p0068-p0072.html (2064 words)

	American Woodcock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		American Woodcocks are uncommon breeders (Robbins and Easterla 1992) that were difficult for Atlasers to confirm.
		American Woodcocks, however, often display while migrating (Peterjohn and Rice 1991).Therefore, the observation of courtship does not necessarily imply nesting in the block or even in the state.
		American Woodcocks are early migrants and breeders as suggested by confirmed breeding dates.
	conservation.state.mo.us /nathis/birds/birdatlas/maintext/0400356.htm (350 words)

	American Woodcock Known for Odd Appearance, Courtship Displays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The woodcock is a rather odd-looking bird with its brown, fl and buff mottled plumage, large eyes set far back on its head and long bill.
		Possible explanations for the obscurity of the American woodcock involve its biology and habitat preferences.
		Woodcock are migratory, and the Noble Foundation's service area lies close to the western edge of their reported range.
	www.noble.org /Ag/Wildlife/Woodcock/PrintLayout_1_84340_84340.html (472 words)

	Canadian Biodiversity: Species: Birds: American Woodcock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Considering that much of the prime woodcock habitat is being lost to agricultural and urban development, woodcock habitat improvement is sorely needed in Canada.
		Woodcocks return to southeastern Canada from their wintering grounds in the southeastern United States in March; earlier than most other migratory bird species.
		It seems that the northern distribution of the woodcock is tied to that of its staple prey item, earthworms.
	www.canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca /english/species/birds/birdpages/sco_min.htm (173 words)

	* American Woodcock - (Bird): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The American Woodcock, which in New Brunswick is named the Bogsucker, is found dispersed in abundance during winter over the southern parts of the Union, and now and then, in warm and sequestered places, even in the Middle Districts...
		Fast Fact: The American woodcock is also known as the timberdoodle, Labrador twister, brush snipe, woods snipe, and bog sucker.
		These sounds are evident in the courtship displays of the American Woodcock, Common Snipe, several swifts, and in the booming sound of Common Nighthawk flight...
	www.mimihu.com /bird/american_woodcock.html (254 words)

	Wells Reserve: Watermark: American Woodcock
		A small migratory bird that arrives in Maine in late winter or early spring, the woodcock and its mating antics delight many early spring birders.
		The woodcock (Scolopax minor) is a member of the sandpiper family.
		The woodcock courtship display is triggered by low-light conditions, usually occurring at dusk, but sometimes at dawn or at night during full moons.
	www.wellsreserve.org /watermark/15-2_woodcock.htm (476 words)

	American Woodcock
		American Woodcock are studied and managed intensively at Moosehorn.
		Loss of habitat through conversion of brush-covered land into house-lots, tree plantations, and mature forests is mostly responsible for their downfall.
		Woodcock are best known for their spectacular spring courtship flights.
	moosehorn.fws.gov /American_Woodcock.htm (272 words)

	ESPN Outdoors
		Woodcock populations have declined in recent decades, too, because the densely understoried bottomland habitat they require has been drained and cleared in many areas.
		The woodcocks migrate ahead of the fronts before the ground freezes and the worms they eat become inaccessible.
		This particular covert is a classic woodcock hospice of dense sweetgum saplings and honeysuckle thickets.
	espn.go.com /outdoors/tv/columns/sutton_keith/1969925.html (1323 words)

	All About Birds
		A shorebird that lives in forests, the American Woodcock is most frequently encountered at dusk when the male's chirping, peenting aerial displays attract attention.
		A woodcock may rock its body back and forth without moving its head as it slowly walks around, stepping heavily with its front foot.
		The American Woodcock is one of the few shorebirds that is regularly hunted for sport.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/American_Woodcock_dtl.html (455 words)

	First Banding of an American Woodcock in South Dakota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The bird was identified as a male woodcock in breeding condition, due to its large cloacal protuberance.
		Although male woodcock are known to engage in courtship activities during spring migration (Sheldon 1967), these observations give some indication of the probability that birds were nesting in the area.
		Day-old woodcock chicks were found at Oakwood Lakes State Park on 28 April 1972 (Gates 1972), and Bent (1927) extended the breeding range of the woodcock into southeastern South Dakota from an 1884 nesting record near Vermillion (Cooke 1912).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/NABB/v011n01/p0005-p0005.html (386 words)

	American Woodcock Species Account (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Manitoba Museum has 10 skins and 5 egg specimens of the American Woodcock collected within the province of Manitoba.
		The American Woodcock breeds in Manitoba beginning in April, when the male performs courtship flights over open fields or clearings to attract a female.
		Recent surveys indicate that the Woodcock may be expanding its range further into Manitoba.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/Birds/MMMN/English/a_americanwoodcock_data.html (256 words)

	CWS-Québec - American Woodcock contaminated with lead
		Food, in the case of the American Woodcock, means earthworms, which make up 80% of the woodcock’s diet, or soil ingested with prey.
		The results of comparisons of lead isotope ratios in soil, worms and woodcock wings allow us to conclude that in Ontario and the Maritimes the lead doesn’t come from the leaded gasoline that was in use for a long time.
		In short, much to our surprise, high concentrations of lead were found in the bones of the American Woodcock.
	www.wul.qc.ec.gc.ca /faune/faune/html/woodcock.html (806 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Scolopacidae - American Woodcock (Scolopax minor)
		Habitat: The American Woodcock, unlike its shorebird cousins, is found in moist woods and thickets near the margins of fields.
		Behavior: The protective coloration of the American Woodcock makes it a very difficult bird to spot and is rarely seen.
		The eggs are laid in a depression under a bush or in a clump of dead leaves.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/sandpipe/Sminor.htm (246 words)

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