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Topic: American and English linguistic differences

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	American and British English differences - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Differences between the two include pronunciation, grammar, lexis, spelling, punctuation, idioms, formatting of dates and numbers, and so on, with some words having completely different meanings between the two dialects or even being unknown or not used in one of the dialects.
		Americans may use the plural form when the individual membership is clear, for example, "the team take their seats" (not "the team takes its seat(s)"), although it is often rephrased to avoid the singular/plural decision, as in "the team members take their seats".
		Most of the differences are in connection with concepts originating from the nineteenth century to the mid twentieth century, where new words were coined independently; almost the entire vocabularies of the car/automobile and railway/railroad industries (see Rail terminology) are different between the UK and America, for example.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_and_British_English_differences (9363 words)

	American and British English differences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		American English uses practice and license for both meanings (although licence and (to) practise are accepted, but uncommon, variant spellings).
		American Express, also prefer "cheque." However, the verbs in both the sense "verify" and the sense "stop", and the nouns corresponding to these, are check everywhere.
		American English further allows other irregular verbs, such as thrive (throve–thriven) or sneak (snuck), which remain regular in Commonwealth English, and often mixes the preterite and past participle forms (spring–sprang (U.S. sprung)–sprung), sometimes forcing verbs such as shrink (shrank–shrunk) to have a further form, thus shrunk–shrunken.
	cerezo.pntic.mec.es /~ffras/american_british.htm (3613 words)

	Differences between American & British English (page 6) \| Antimoon Forum
		I have a problem with my English language as an Englishman being called British English to denote it as being typical not of the United Kingdom as a whole but of that geographical and cultural entity to the south of Scotland and the east of Wales, whetther you call it England or Yookay or Brittun.
		American English is very similar to Irish English and I don't agree with that said about intonation, American English use different intonations because, for example, the lengthen short vowels in stressed positions.
		Even American news stations all have their "experts" with no other qualifications for their jobs outside of their ability to speak with an accent that people consider to be intelligent.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/2004/2275-6.htm (1656 words)

	Barton-Confusing And Embarrassing Differences between American and British English
		Before then, it was thought that American English and British English would diverge as the two languages evolved and absorbed words brought to their respective countries by immigrants and their colonies.
		American speech tends to be influenced by the over-heated language of much of the media, which is designed to attach an impression of exciting activity to passive, if sometimes insignificant events.
		Hence, if you were in an English restaurant enjoying a piece of bread with peanut butter and fruit preserve on it you would be eating 'a peanut butter and jam sandwich.' BTW, I used to enjoy peanut and jelly sandwiches when I was little in the UK sense of the word...
	iteslj.org /Articles/Barton-UK-USwords.html (3566 words)

	The Organization of Dialect Diversity in North America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		North American dialects are differentiated by unconditioned mergers, which affect the phonemes wherever they appear, and by conditioned mergers, which occur in a particular environment.
		In the Linguistic Atlas maps reflecting the situation in the 1940's (Kurath and McDavid 1961), this region was confined to the area around Pittsburgh.
		Orange circles, with 600-800 Hz differences are characteristic of the South Midland and the West extending from Ohio to Kansas.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /phono_atlas/ICSLP4.html (3583 words)

	American English
		English is destined to be in the next and succeeding centuries more generally the language of the world than Latin was in the last or French is in the present age.
		American English is regarded as having preserved archaic features which have since been altered in British English--i.e., American speech maintained features of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English--such as the preservation of r in most dialects, and "flat a" [æ] as in "path": features that were lost in southern England at the end of the eighteenth century.
		General American used to be thought of as most of the Western half of country, and refers to a dialect characterized by the retention of r, "flat a," and an unrounded vowel in hot.
	wiz.cath.vt.edu /hel/helmod/america.html (4074 words)

	The English-to-American Dictionary
		Barristers are different to solicitors but in such a convoluted way it took a barrister a whole page to email me it, and now I can't be bothered paraphrasing it.
		Americans don't have such a stipulation, perhaps because the legal age for driving an automobile is generally before the point they learn the alphabet.
		Americans will know them as "vise grips", but it's probably safe to say that if you don't know what I'm talking about on either score then you are not going to live life at a deficit.
	english2american.com /dictionary/wholelot.html (18862 words)

	Do You Speak American . For Educators . Curriculum . College . AAE \| PBS
		It is possible that language developed differently depending on factors such as the number of slaves and indentured servants on a plantation, the crop that was being grown, and the role that overseers played.
		The concept of an English speaking standard may be understood as more of a political orientation than accurately addressing the various modes of English speaking, watch with their own integrity and claim to centrality within their own speech communities.
		Linguists who adhere to this view believe that since the time plantation creole was spoken, Mainstream English and AAE are becoming more similar.
	www.pbs.org /speak/education/curriculum/college/aae (5555 words)

	Mencken, H.L. 1921. The American Language
		This study shows a certain utility.… But its chief excuse is its human interest, for it prods deeply into national idiosyncracies and ways of mind, and that sort of prodding is always entertaining.—
		This classic was written to clarify the discrepancies between British and American English and to define the distinguishing characteristics of American English.
		Mencken’s groundbreaking study was undoubtedly the most scientific linguistic work on the American language to date and continues to serve as a definitive resource in the field.
	www.bartleby.com /185 (148 words)

	Amazon.com: American English: Dialects and Variation (Language in Society): Books: Walt Wolfram,Natalie Schilling-Estes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		English with an Accent: Language, Ideology, and Discrimination in the United States by R.
		Its only real flaws are that there's a danger someone could take it to be exhaustive (I've even seen linguists who seem to believe this), and it's not quite as lively as Mencken's _The_American_language_, which may be dated but is still the best introduction to American Englishes that a non-linguist could read.
		The main body is followed by an "Inventory of Socially Diagnostic Structures," which consists of a very informative list of linguistic structures and their correspondent variants in a number of American English dialects.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0631204873?v=glance (1014 words)

	American English
		Miller, Michael I. "An Approach to the Reconstruction of Upcountry Lower Southern Creole." Journal of English Linguistics 27(Sep. 1999): 199-212.
		"African American Student Writers in the NAEP, 1969-88/89 and 'The Blacker the Berry, the Sweeter the Juice.'" 163-196.
		Black American English: Its Background and Its Usage in the Schools and in Literature.
	www.wright.edu /~martin.kich/AmerReg/Black.htm (5106 words)

	Description of African American Vernacular English
		Butters, Ronald R. The Death of Black English: Divergence and Convergence in Black and White Vernaculars.
		Hall, Robert A. "The African Substratum in Negro English." American Speech 25 (1950): 51-4.
		Mahar, William J. "Black English in Early Blackface Minstrelsy: A New Interpretation of the Sources of Minstrel Show Dialect." American Quarterly (Summer 1985).
	members.tripod.com /ALWT/socio3.html (1294 words)

	American English
		Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States.
		Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States: A Concordance of Basic Materials.
		Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States: The Basic Materials: An Introduction and Guide to the Microfiche Collection.
	www.wright.edu /~martin.kich/AmerReg/South.htm (1505 words)

	American Dialect Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		The Atlas of North American English (formerly The Phonological Atlas of North America).
		IDEA - International Dialects of English Archive was created in 1998 as a repository of primary source recordings for actors and other artists in the performing arts.
		The Dictionary of American English by Brian Carling A Compendium of equivalent words and phrases used in the "American English" and the "English English" languages
	www.evolpub.com /Americandialects/AmDialLnx.html (1340 words)

	African American Vernacular English
		This will involve, among other things, a visit to an Afr American church, viewing of videotapes and discussion of technical details and/or issues of interest covered in the texts or classes each week.
		COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course deals with the distinctive varieties of English used by and among African Americans, particularly in big-city settings, and their parallels elsewhere in Africa and the New World (especially in the Caribbean).
		(3) Speech Events and Expressive Language Use (SEELU): Structure and function of such expressive African American Speech Events (verbal routines and rituals) as preaching, rappin, signifying, soundin, and boastin, comparison of Black and White communicative styles, the structure of African American narratives, and the expressive use of AAVE in literature, music and the media.
	www.stanford.edu /~rickford/AAVE.html (2036 words)

	Find in a Library: Linguistic-cultural differences and American education
		Find in a Library: Linguistic-cultural differences and American education
		Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- United States.
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/4e2abdc16852bcc2a19afeb4da09e526.html (73 words)

	E. L. Easton - British English
		Grammar: Parts of Speech audio / English Space
		Middle English Literature D. Cooper and C. Baugh
		History of American and English Literature Cambridge Encyclopedia
	eleaston.com /brit-eng.html (53 words)

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