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Topic: American elm

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	American Elm
		The original native American Elm of the turn of the 20th century was massive, long-lived, tough, easy to grow, adaptable and displayed a wonderful vase-like silhouette that was second to none as a street tree.
		American Elms reach a mature height of 40 to 70 feet with a spread of 2/3 to 3/4 their height..
		American Elm foliage turns a rich yellow or gold in fall and stays on the tree late in the season.
	www.yardener.com /AmericanElm.html (0 words)

	Technical data on American elm clones (Site not responding. Last check: )
		One of the American elm clones (clone 3) showed a level of disease tolerance equal statistically to 'Frontier' and 'Prospector', two cultivars which have shown a high degree of tolerance to DED in other studies.
		Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by the fungus Ophiostoma ulmi, remains a threat to American elms (Ulmus americana L.) in the forest and in the landscape.
		Elms have been shown to be more susceptible earlier in the growing season than later (4, 5, 7, 11), but the highly significant difference between two inoculation dates only nine days apart was unexpected.
	www.elmpost.org /report1.htm (2117 words)

	Ohio Trees - American Elm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		American Elm has leaves that vary tremendously in size from one tree to another, but all are elliptical to ovate, and have leaves that are usually smooth (but occasionally slightly rough) on their upper surfaces.
		American Elm is one of the first trees to come into flower, with floral bud swelling often beginning to occur in the few warm days of January into early February, with fully opened flowers usually occurring by mid-March and continuing into April.
		American Elm is characterized by its stereotypical vase shape; a straight trunk that quickly divides into several massive branches, which then spread to form an overall vase shape, with some of the outer branchlets arching almost back to the ground, for a very graceful mature growth habit.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /forestry/trees/elm_am.htm (762 words)

	Dutch Elm Disease
		Native elm bark beetles overwinter as larvae in bark or as adults.
		The Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila, sometimes incorrectly referred to as Chinese elm, and the true Chinese or lacebark elm (Ulmus parvifolia) are resistant to the disease and also are adapted to growing conditions in the state.
		These elms should be considered for planting in the urban environment even though some do not have the same appearance as American elm.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/dtchelm.htm (1897 words)

	Saving the American Elm
		The cause of this pervasive syndrome of wilt and dieback was a parasitic fungus.
		The development of purely American elm varieties with adequate resistance to Dutch elm disease remains the only hope for ultimately saving the species, as systematic injection with elm fungicide is an expensive, cumbersome, and unnatural process.
		The roots of American elm trees do not interfere with pavements even at close proximity, nor with the health of lawns, but the trees should be spaced widely enough to allow for adequate expression of their eventual forms.
	members.aol.com /bcarley978/elmpost.htm (0 words)

	American Liberty Elm Memorial Trees - A Living September 11th Memorial
		American Liberty Elms are appropriate as a living memorial for a loved one or member of your community or organization.
		One of the hallmarks of American cities and towns used to be the beautiful trees that lined their streets and town squares.
		The trees that we are offering are purebred descendants of American elm parent trees that were able to resist Dutch elm disease.
	www.flowers-by-mail.com /memorial.htm (413 words)

	Peace Valley Nature Center Elm Project
		The parent trees, from which the American Liberty elm is a cross-pollinated clone, were first noted for their disease-resistant qualities in the 1940's and 1950's.
		A: Disease resistance is defined as the capacity to resist the growth of Dutch Elm Disease fungus in the vessel of the tree.
		A: Since established elms grow 2 to 3 feet per year it is expected that a properly cared for 3 year old, 6 foot tree will reach a height of 20 to 30 feet in 10 years.
	www.peacevalleynaturecenter.org /elm.html (0 words)

	About The American Liberty Elm Tree
		During the research phase for all these new elms, they were challenged with injections of the Dutch Elm Disease (DED) fungus in controlled tests.
		But the American Liberty elm is now long past the experiment stages, and at this point it has been through the additional test of growing in public locations around the country for over 18 years, where it has been exposed naturally to DED fungus where it may occur in those environments.
		It's been a rewarding grass roots effort to restore a portion of the 100 million American elms that succumbed to Dutch elm disease (DED) since the beetle-borne fungus first appeared in elms in the U.S. in the 1930s.
	www.libertyelm.com /about.htm (327 words)

	American Elm Information
		The American Elm Ulmus americana is a species of elm native to eastern North America, occurring from Nova Scotia west to southeast Saskatchewan, and south to Florida and central Texas.
		The American Elm is a deciduous tree, sometimes growing over 40m tall with a trunk up to 3.5m in diameter.
		American Elm has been seriously affected by an introduced fungal disease, Dutch elm disease (DED), with heavy mortality in most of the range and in many areas outside of the natural range as far west as California.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/American_Elm (832 words)

	WildWNC.org : Trees : American Elm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		American elm (Ulmus americana), also known as white elm, water elm, soft elm, or Florida elm, is most notable for its susceptibility to the wilt fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi.
		American elm may be perpetuated for generations, even though the average life span of the trees is likely to be reduced.
		American elm is classed as intermediate in shade tolerance among the eastern hardwoods.
	www.wildwnc.org /trees/Ulmus_americana.html (3413 words)

	the vanquished American Elm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Elms thrive in moisture retentive soils such as the marine clays that underlie much of the UNH campus.
		In fact, many American elms are growing a short distance from James Hall, both saplings (by the railroad tracks) and mature specimens (directly across Main St., in front of Congreve Hall).
		The recent absence of the elm from our forests not only lessens the potential wildlife food base (elm seeds are attractive to spring flocks of goldfinches, purple finches, and other birds and mammals), but may have other ecological impacts of which we are not yet aware.
	www.unh.edu /neeg/elm.html (606 words)

	Engineering Disease-resistant American Elm Trees
		American elm trees (Ulmus americana) were once very common as forest and landscape trees in the eastern U.S. Their graceful vase shape and wide canopy made them especially popular for lining city streets.
		However, almost all mature American elm trees have been killed in the last 50 years by Dutch elm disease, which is caused by a fungus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, introduced from Asia.
		The American elm was once a common and pleasant part of our city streets, and with continued research, it may be once again.
	www.esf.edu /PUBPROG/elm/default.htm (516 words)

	American Elm
		Impressive to behold, and surprisingly adaptable to harsh urban settings and a variety of climates, the American elm is often praised by foresters for its durability.
		The American elm is native to the Eastern United States and survives as far west as the Rockies; but when the virulent, non-native Dutch elm disease arrived in 1930, the trees began to fall victim to the fungal virus at a rapid rate.
		A third disease resistant strain, the Princeton elm, was isolated by chance, and is being grown at a commercial nursery in New Jersey.
	www.acfnewsource.org /environment/american_elm.html (576 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / ELM STREET BLUES
		The elms made archways over the street and the sun would shine through and on a day that was very bright, especially in the fall when the leaves were beginning to turn yellow, it was almost golden going through the street.
		To many Midwestern towns facing the death of their elms, DDT was a “miracle chemical.” It had been widely used in the war, and now, prescribed by the Department of Agriculture, it looked like the answer to their problem.
		The Elm Research Institute is funding work to find an olfactory disguise for the elm, the theory being that beetles are attracted to elms, of all trees, by a certain smell, and that if elms smelled like maples, or even like garlic, the beetle would fly on past with its harmful fungus.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1986/6/1986_6_97_print.shtml (2453 words)

	American Elms
		Both cultivars possess the "classic" American elm shape and the tolerance to air pollution and poor soil conditions of the species.
		DED is caused by a fungus introduced by the elm bark beetle into healthy elms from dead and dying trees and may spread from tree to tree through root grafts.
		Of thousands of American elms screened by inoculation with aggressive and non-aggressive strains of the DED fungus, 'Valley Forge' was the most tolerant, with 'New Harmony' a close second.
	www.usna.usda.gov /Newintro/american.html (480 words)

	Tree Facts: American Elm
		The only real, yet critically important limitation to American elm is its susceptibility to Dutch elm disease, which has killed millions of the old invaluable sentinels over much of the country they used to dominate.
		Siberian elms resist Dutch elm disease, but have a less desirable form and growth habit and are much shorter lived than the three native species.
		As is evident from its extensive natural range, American elm tolerates a wide range of soil and climatic conditions.
	www.topnotchtree.com /treefacts/americanelm.html (317 words)

	American Elm (Ulmus americana) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		American elm is one of our most urban tolerant native trees.
		American elms can reach heights of 75-100 feet along streets, but their vase-shaped habit and natural pruning of lower branches will allow them to grow over powerlines with substantially less pruning than other trees (such as maples).
		A suburb of Cleveland, one of the the epicenters of Dutch Elm Disease.
	shade-trees.tripod.com /families/selections/american_elm.html (440 words)

	The American Elm
		Size: The approximate height of the American Elm is 70 to 80 feet high an 4 to 5 feet in diameter.
		The approximate height of it was 90 feet and the approximate diameter of it was 13.5 feet.
		Habitat: The American Elm populates the American Midwest and Canadian prairies.
	www.maumee.k12.oh.us /sechler/tree/AmeriElm/AmericanElm.html (264 words)

	Elm History
		Once the dominant feature in the American landscape east of the Rockies, the American elm ruled supreme as the shade tree of choice for generations of Americans prior to World War II.
		The Princeton American elm was selected by a wholesale tree grower in New Jersey from a single specimen around 1920 because of its strong horticultural traits.
		It was the only cultivated variety of American elm with a landscape proven track record of three quarters of a century, including streets planted in 1932.
	www.americanelm.com /elm_history.html (662 words)

	Action Log - American Elm Park
		American Elm Park restoration site: The site is a public right of way that was part of a woodland adjoining a field until the early 1990s (just before we moved into our house across the street).
		One of the goals for the American elm Park is to educate homeowners about the benefits of rain gardens.
		The American Elm Park is one of four locations in the county where Dutch elm disease resistant American elm trees (Valley Forge elms) have been planted as a pilot project.
	www.fosc.org /AL-AmericanElmPark.htm (1067 words)

	Ohio Trees - Slippery Elm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Slippery Elm is similar in many ways to American Elm, but differs in its branching habit (it branches higher on the trunk, with fewer main branches), the texture of its slightly larger leaves (they are sandpapery on both sides), and the color of its interior heartwood (reddish-brown).
		Slippery Elm has leaves that are usually larger and wider as compared to the more common American Elm.
		Slippery Elm is one of the first trees to come into flower, similar to American Elm in the appearance of its floral buds and expanded flowers.
	www.dnr.ohio.gov /forestry/trees/elm_slpry.htm (700 words)

	American Liberty Elm
		In the research phase, it was extensively inoculated with 10 different isolates of the DED fungus and received natural exposure to fungus-carrying elm bark beetles.
		But the American Liberty Elm is now long past the experiment stages, and at this point it has been through the additional test of growing in public locations around the country for over 20 years, where it has been exposed naturally to DED fungus where it my occur in those environments.
		It's been a rewarding grass roots effort to restore a portion of the 100 million American elms that succumbed to Dutch elm disease (DED) since the beetle-borne fungus first appeared in elms in the U.S. in the 1930s.
	www.landscapeelms.com /AmLibertyElm.htm (350 words)

	Congress to Plant National Arboretum's New American Elm That Staves off Dutch Elm Disease / June 6, 1996June 6, 1996 / ...
		A new American elm highly tolerant of the fungus-causing Dutch elm disease will be planted June 6 on the grounds of the U.S. Capitol.
		It is one of the Arboretum's two new American elms to have unusually high levels of tolerance to the fungus that causes Dutch elm disease.
		Until the fungus struck, Elias said, the American elm was a hardy tree.
	www.ars.usda.gov /IS/pr/1996/elm696.htm (857 words)

	The American Elm
		One is the Dutch elm disease, a fungus carried by a bark beetle accidentally brought into this country from Europe.
		It attacks and kills the American Elm, the Winged Elm, and two cultivated varieties of the American elm: the Moline Elm and the Vase Elm.
		The wood of the American elm is hard, tough and difficult to split but it is apt to twist and warp unless carefully handled and seasoned, and it is not durable in the soil.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/200-299/nb279.htm (602 words)

	Ulmus americana: American Elm
		Once a very popular and long-lived (300+ years) shade and street tree, American Elm suffered a dramatic decline with the introduction of Dutch elm disease, a fungus spread by a bark beetle.
		The wood of American Elm is very hard and was a valuable timber tree used for lumber, furniture and veneer.
		American Elm should be grown in full sun on well-drained, rich soil.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /BODY_ST649 (647 words)

	GreenDealer Exotic Seeds of American Elm, (Ulmus americana) with photographs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		American Elm is a deciduous, hardy, native tree of North America.
		Elms must be protected against insects such as elm bark bettle which can carry the Dutch Elm disease.
		Pests such as cankerworm, elm leaf beetle, grubs, Japanese beetle, tustock moth, gypsy moth, spiny elm caterpillar, webworm and bagworm, scurfy scale, European elm scale and apple and elm aphids all must be controlled or eliminated to insure a chance that the elm tree will survive.
	www.greendealer-exotic-seeds.com /seeds/AmericanElm.html (269 words)

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