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Topic: American folklore

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	Folklore of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The folklore of the United States, or American folklore, is the folk tradition which has evolved on the North American continent since Europeans arrived in the 16th century.
		While it contains much in the way of Native American tradition, it should not be confused with the actual tribal beliefs of any real band, nation or community of native people.
		Though Christopher Columbus did not participate in the founding of the American government, he has been interpreted as a "founder" of the American nation, in that it is descended from the European immigrants that would not have moved to the New World if Columbus had not found where it was.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Folklore (719 words)

	Folklore of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ultimately, American Folklore is a constant intertwining of the new and the old, the mechanical and the pastoral, the mundane and the miraculous, for no other purpose it seems than to fill up the space of a lazy afternoon.
		Some English colonies in America that predated Plymouth Roch include Roanoke settlement, which was later overtaken by or integrated with Native American tribes, and the Jamestown Settlement, which was successful and predated the Pilgrims' settlement by 20 years.
		George Washington is often said to be the "founder" of the United States.
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/American_folklore (794 words)

	What is Folklore?
		In all cases, folklore and folklife are learned and perpetuated within the context of the "group," for it is the shared experience which shapes and gives meaning to the exchange.
		hile folklore is private and intimately shared by groups in informal settings, it is also the most public of activities when used by groups to symbolize their identity to themselves and others.
		Actually, folklore is a word very much like culture; it represents a tremendous spectrum of human expression that can be studied in a number of ways and for a number of reasons.
	www.nyfolklore.org /resource/what.html (1734 words)

	Folklore: What is it?
		Folklore is all of these things but it is much more and a great deal of it relates to our daily lives.
		Understanding, appreciating and sharing another culture's folklore transcends race, colour, class, and creed more effectively than any other single aspect of our lives and, as an element of our past and present society it is something we can all relate to.
		For instance, oral literature is one of the aspects of folklore, and by oral literature we mean such things as legends, tales, proverbs, sayings, dialect speech and folksongs.
	www.folklore.bc.ca /Whatsfolk.htm (559 words)

	Native American Folklore
		Famous for their Native American folklore retellings, the Bruchacs have joined forces with the illustration team of Aruego and Dewey to present the tale of how a challenge between Brown Squirrel and Big Bear leads to a hard lesson learned.
		The Anguish Of Snails: Native American Folklore In The...
		Coyote tales are among the best loved in Native American folklore., This collection of authentic stories offers modern readers a new appreciation of magic and myth as celebrated by the Zuni Indians of western New Mexico.
	www.growinglifestyle.com /us/j32452 (470 words)

	PinoyStuff - Folklore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The study of folklore is sometimes referred to as 'folkloristics' and the word 'folklore' has been defined in several ways.
		Folk poetry ranges from oral epics to autograph-book verse, epitaphs, latrinalia (writings on the walls of public bathrooms), limericks, ball-bouncing rhymes, jump-rope rhymes, finger and toe rhymes, dandling rhymes (to bounce children on the knee), counting-out rhymes (to determine who will be "it" in games), and nursery rhymes.
		"Folklore is artistic communication in small groups." [From Dan Ben-Amos' essay "Toward a Definition of Folklore in Context," in Journal of American Folklore, v.
	www.pinoystuff.com /folklore/folklore.htm (563 words)

	Western Folklore: Folkloristics: An Introduction / The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction / The Dynamics of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Folklore thus defined is pervasive-it crops up in everyday speech, in film, fiction, advertising, and comics-and varied.
		Georges and Jones identify four perspectives from which the materials of folklore have been or can be conceived and studied, and organize their text around these: folklore as "(1) historical artifact, (2) describable and transmissible entity, (3) culture, and (4) behavior" (23, original text in italics).
		To call folklore a "describable entity" means to group it according to genre and type and to develop systems for defining the forms and transformations of these groups.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3732/is_199804/ai_n8799995 (937 words)

	Benson, Elizabeth P., 1991. BATS in South American Folklore and Ancient Art . BATS. Vol 9, No 1:7-10.
		The diversity of South American bats is as impressive and varied as the landscape.
		Another possible aspect of the tobacco relationship is the fact that fire often occurs with bats in folklore (although it may also derive from observing large numbers of bats emerging from a cave at twilight, often appearing like a great cloud of smoke).
		Folklore from the Ge tribe in Brazil tells of "Indians" who had wings and bat noses, lived in a big cave near a river, and went out only at night.
	www.batcon.org /batsmag/v9n1-2.html (2447 words)

	Folklore and Superstitions
		Early Americans believed if a cat washes her face in front of several people, the first person she looks at will be the first to get married.
		The folklore that a cat has 9 lives possibly came about because #9 is the "trinity of trinities" and was considered lucky.
		American folklore has it that dreaming of a white cat is good luck.
	www.xmission.com /~emailbox/folklore.htm (3024 words)

	[Projekat Rastko] Gordana Ljuboja - SPISAK KORISCENIH LISTOVA i LITERATURA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Briggs, The Transmission of Folk-Tales in Britain, Folklore 79, 1968, 81-92.
		Dundes, The J.A.P. and J.A.M. in American Jokelore, Journal of American Folklore, 98/390, 1985, 456-476.
		Simpson, Folklore in “Folklore”, Folklore 100/I, 1989, 3-9.
	www.rastko.org.yu /antropologija/gljuboja/gljuboja-humor/gljuboja-16_c.html (3810 words)

	Polish-American Folklore
		Complicating matters was the fact that in the American Catholic Church, parish ownership was given to the diocesan bishop, who was not usually a member of the ethnic group.
		Despite their desire to be considered as Americans during the 1920s and 1930s, Polonia's members continued to encourage the use of Polish in their parochial schools and an interest in Polish-American organizations.
		A fourth-generation Polish-American, her research interests are in ethnic folklore, particularly Polish-American folkways and the transmission of ethnic folklore in interethnic marriages.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /DAS.html (4005 words)

	Folkstreams » The Best of American Folklore Films
		A 1982 portrait of traditional Finnish American culture in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, highlighting the fragile community of memory connecting one with parents and grandparents.
		A portrait of six older Americans, each with their roots in a unique cultural heritage and each with a powerful perspective on the nature of aging.
		This 1986 film examines the traditional Native American craft of split ash basketmaking as a means of economic and cultural survival for Aroostook Micmac Indians of northern Maine.
	www.folkstreams.net (2649 words)

	American Folklore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One of the defining themes found in American folklore is that down-to-earth, every-day-type-of-living is something the tale's hero must learn to value and enjoy, rather than something from which he must escape as is prominent in tales from other countries.
		American tales are unique in that the world changes to fit the circumstance instead of the characters changing to fit into the world.
		American tales have some important things to tell us and, like fables, they are a great teacher.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/folklore/11511 (568 words)

	American Folklore Studies
		He follows the beginnings of American folklore studies in the antiquarian literature of the 1830s through the rise of folklore societies in the 1880s to the emergence of an independent discipline in the 1950s.
		In this progression, Bronner identifies several major themes tying folklore studies to intellectual history: first, the unearthing of a hidden, usable past; second, the charting of time and space; and third, the structuring of communication.
		SIMON BRONNER, associate professor of folklore and American studies at The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, is the author of Grasping Things: Folk Material Culture and Mass Society in America and Chain Carvers: Old Men Crafting Meaning and editor of The Folklore Historian.
	www.kansaspress.ku.edu /broame.html (351 words)

	Powell's Books - Chicago History of American Civilization #0004: American Folklore by Richard Merc Dorson
		Here, grounded firmly in American history, is a skilled folklorist's survey of the entire field of America's folklore--from colonization to mass culture.
		Dorson reveals the richness, pathos, and humor of genuine folklore, which he distinguishes from the "fakelore" of popularizers and chauvinists.
		Richard M. Dorson was Distinguished Professor of History and Folklore and director of the Folklore Institute at Indiana University.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=27576&cgi=product&isbn=0226158594 (248 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Folklore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		American Folklife Center, Library of Congress - Created by Congress in 1976 "to preserve and present American Folklife," the Center incorporates the Archive of Folk Culture, established at the Library in 1928 as a repository for American Folk Music.
		Journal of Folklore Research - A peer-reviewed publication of the Folklore Institute at Indiana University, established in 1965.
		Lucky W Amulet Archive - Encyclopedic resource describing and illustrating folkloric talismans and lucky charms from around the world, including horseshoe, swastika, four-leaf clover, rabbit foot, raccoon penis bone, hamsa hand, John the Conqueror root, scarab beetle, and fl cat bone.
	dmoz.org /Society/Folklore (569 words)

	Meteors: History ~ Native American Folklore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One of the few dateable events among the various records of native Americans was the 1833 appearance of the Leonid meteor shower.
		Story telling was a very important method of record keeping among most native Americans and several seem to have been influenced by the Leonids of 1833.
		It is said that the comet came down and spread his tail for miles and miles." Thereafter, all comet and meteors were treated as serious omens which required the interpretation of the Ojibwa shamans.
	www.crystalinks.com /meteors2.html (1872 words)

	Regional Folklore and Mythology
		Australian Folklore is a yearly journal of folklore studies, edited and published at the University of New England, New South Wales, Australia.
		Native American Folklore is an essay by Standing Bear, Chief of the Oglala Sioux (1905-1939).
		Folklore of the Orkney Islands by Sigurd Towrie offers sea tales (including several about selkies), customs and traditions, and other lore of the land for these islands located off the coast of Scotland.
	www.pibburns.com /mythregi.htm (5605 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		In preparation for exercise 2, below, you may wish to review and download selections from Hurston transcriptions of folktales: available from the EDSITEment resource American Studies at the University of Virginia is the etext of her seminal collection of fl Southern folklore, the anthology Mules and Men.
		Available from the EDSITEment resource Documenting the American South are two useful survey essays that situate Hurston's work in the twin contexts of Southern literature and folklore: "Literature in the American South" and "Folklore in Literature" (for the second webpage, go to "Literature in the American South," and find "folklore" on the left sidebar).
		Having a student read the eye dialect transcription of a song she hasn't heard and then playing the song to see how close the two pronunciations and readings is a great way of getting students to think about the relationship between oral and written language and literature.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=407 (3115 words)

	The Rio Grande Folklore Archive
		The Rio Grande Folklore Archive, situated in The University of Texas-Pan American Library, is one of the largest collections of Mexican American folklore and specializes in computerized data bases.
		The Rio Grande Folklore Archive is the major depository for the folklore of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Northern Tamaulipas, Mexico.
		Having the folklore materials fully on line would make it possible for this depository to be one of only two archives (the only fully on line folklore archive is at the University of Detroit) where this has been accomplished.
	www.panam.edu /dept/folklore (460 words)

	History of American Civilization Program, Harvard University
		The doctoral program in the History of American Civilization at Harvard University was established in 1937.
		The work of the students is conducted under the direct guidance of a committee of members of the faculty representing several of the departments concerned with the various phases of the history of American civilization.
		Regularly represented on the committee are the Departments of African and African-American Studies, English and American Literature, Government, History, History of Art and Architecture, History of Science, and Sociology.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~amciv (134 words)

	FOLK F131 2186 INTRODUCTION TO AMERICAN FOLKLORE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The course is organized along two lines: a look at the kinds (genres) of folklore found in America and a look at some of the "folk groups" to which various Americans belong and to which they can trace some of the folklore they maintain and cherish.
		Groups of Americans can be (and often are) classified in various ways--by occupation, by region, by gender, by ethnicity, by social class, religion, etc.
		In a field project for this course, you will be given an opportunity to examine the folklore of a single individual and try to understand what effect folklore has in the life of that individual.
	www.indiana.edu /~deanfac/blspr99/folk/folk_f131_2186.html (239 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Italian-American Folklore (American Folklore Series) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The lore of a broad cross section of Italian Americans is then analyzed through chapters on conversation, life rituals, religious days and other important events, supernatural beliefs and medicine, recreation, storytelling, performing arts, and food.
		Other folklore studies, such as Elizabeth Mathias and Richard Raspa's Italian Folktales in America: The Verbal Art of an Immigrant Woman (LJ 9/1/85), focus on lore from one Italian person or region; the strength of this volume is its interview materials and data representing many Italian Americans.
		The American Roman Catholic Church's relationship to the Italian immigrants was very interesting as it wasn't initially as amicable as one would have thought, which explains the new immigrants reliance on folk supernaturalism and folk medicine.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/087483533X?v=glance (1214 words)

	Reference Books Bulletin: Reviews (Archive)
		In the preface to this work, the editor, the compiler of several collections of urban legends, differentiates between "folklore in America" and "American folklore." American folklore is defined as stories, tales, mythology, and lore based on experiences unique to American history and the North American continent.
		The editor suggests specific articles for readers interested in a scholarly survey: American Folklore Scholarship and Material Culture to provide background; treatments of Marxist or feminist approaches to the study of folklore; and Regional Folklore as an introduction to specific entries such as Appalachia, Rocky Mountains, Basque Americans, Dutch Americans, and so on.
		Coverage is more comprehensive than in Folklore on the American Land by Duncan Emrich (Little, Brown, 1972), which classifies folklore by literary style (tall tales, proverbs, etc.).
	archive.ala.org /booklist/v92/44americ.html (430 words)

	Frances M. Malpezzi and William M. Clements, Italian-American Folklore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Frances Malpezzi and William Clements's Italian American Folklore is an encyclopedic collection of songs, holiday traditions, stories, games, and other folk traditions covering the immigrants from regions across Italy.
		The close involvement and integration with the traditional culture that first generation immigrants have is lost with the Americanization of their children.
		Malpezzi and Clements are very thorough in their research, providing detailed lists and instructions for the preparation of treatments for ailments ranging from arthritis to influenza and the common cold.
	www.greenmanreview.com /it.folklore.htm (934 words)

	American Folklore Society - Cultural Commons
		The American Folklore Society is an association of people who create and communicate knowledge about folklore throughout the world.
		Our more than 2,200 members and subscribers are scholars, teachers, and libraries at colleges and universities; professionals in arts and cultural organizations; and community members involved in folklore work.
		Folklore and the Cultural Landscape: The American Folklore Society 2004 Annual Meeting
	www.culturalcommons.org /directorydetail.cfm?ID=844 (121 words)

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