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| | Americanization |
 | | By 1922 the Chicago Board of Education, which provided most Americanization teachers, had established 31 classes in night schools, 60 in factories, 62 in community centers, and 20 in special “mothers programs.” The city's settlement houses, YMCAs, churches, and patriotic and fraternal groups cooperated with the board but also sponsored their own programs. |
 | | The movement reached a crescendo in 1921–22 with a series of large patriotic pageants with thousands of immigrants publicly swearing allegiance, all part of a rather coercive push for “100 percent Americanism.” It declined along with immigration between the 1920s and 1960s as a result of immigration restriction, depression, and war. |
 | | Thus, most immigrants became acculturated through informal contacts at the workplace, in the saloon or polling place, through movies or radio, or, in the case of children, in the city's streets, alleys, and playgrounds and small parks. |
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