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Topic: Americium

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	Americium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A radioactive metallic element, americium is an actinide that was obtained by bombarding plutonium with neutrons and was the fourth transuranic element to be discovered.
		Americium was first synthesized by Glenn T. Seaborg, Leon O. Morgan, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso in late 1944 at the wartime Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago (now known as Argonne National Laboratory).
		Currently the solvent extraction chemistry of americium is important as in several areas of the world scientists are working on reducing the medium term radiotoxicity of the waste from the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Americium (587 words)

	Americium - Americium isotope Am241
		Americium isotope Am was identified by a group of researchers at the University of Chicago in 1944 and was the fourth trans-uranium element to be discovered, via successive neutron capture reactions by plutonium isotopes in a nuclear reactor.
		Americium metal can be prepared by reducing the trifluoride with barium vapour at approximately 1000-1200°C (1832-2032°F) or the dioxide by lanthanum metal.
		Americium is used as a component in neutron sources.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=574 (213 words)

	americium
		Americium was the fourth transuranium element to be discovered; the isotope 241Am was identified by Seaborg, James, Morgan, and Ghiorso late in 1944 at the wartime Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago as the result of successive neutron capture reactions by plutonium isotopes in a nuclear reactor:
		Americium metal has been prepared by reducing the trifluoride with barium vapor at 1000 to 1200 deg C or the dioxide by lanthanum metal.
		Americium is thought to exist in two forms: an alpha form which has a double hexagonal close-packed structure and a loose-packed cubic beta form.
	www.speclab.com /elements/americium.htm (438 words)

	Americium (Am) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Americium has some uses: it is used in some smoke detectors, as portable gamma ray source in radiography, to help to create flat glass.
		Americium, as the isotope americium-243, is produced in kilogram quantities from plutonim-239.
		Americium moves rapidly through the body after uptake and is concentrated within the bones for a long period of time.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Am-en.htm (476 words)

	americium
		Americium is a silver-white metal thought to have either a loose-packed cubic or a close-packed double hexagonal crystalline structure.
		Americium-241, which has a half-life of about 430 years, is more often used in chemical investigations, since it is easily prepared in a fairly pure form; it is also used in industrial measuring devices, radiology, and household smoke detectors.
		Periodic Table of the Elements: Americium - Periodic Table of the Elements: Americium 95 Am Americium (243) 2 · 8 · 18 32...
	www.factmonster.com /encyclopedia/americium (237 words)

	EPA - Americium - Information Home (EPA's Radiation Protection Program: Information) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Americium (isotope Am-241) was discovered by nuclear chemist Glenn Seaborg and his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1944.
		Americium is a man-made metal produced when plutonium atoms absorb neutrons in nuclear reactors and in nuclear weapons detonations.
		Americium is a silver-white, crystalline metal that is solid under normal conditions.
	www.epa.gov /radiation/radionuclides/americium.htm (1222 words)

	Am - Americium
		(the Americas) Americium was the fourth transuranic element to be discovered; theisotope 241Am was identified by Seaborg, James, Morgan, and Ghiorso late in 1944 at thewartime Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago as the result of successiveneutron capture reactions by plutonium isotopes in a nuclear reactor.
		The luster offreshly prepared americium metal is white and more silvery than plutonium or neptuniumprepared in the same manner.
		Americium must be handled with great careto avoid personal contamination.
	www.physlink.com /Reference/ChemicalElements/americium.cfm (154 words)

	Smoke Detectors and Americium
		Americium is a silvery metal, which tarnishes slowly in air and is soluble in acid.
		Americium (in combination with beryllium) is also used as a neutron source in non-destructive testing of machinery and equipment, and as a thickness gauge in the glass industry.
		The americium is present in oxide form in the detector.
	www.uic.com.au /nip35.htm (826 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Americium
		Americium was discovered in 1944 by the American scientists Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan and Albert Ghiorso.
		They produced americium by bombarding plutonium-239, an isotope of plutonium, with high energy neutrons.
		Americium's most stable isotope, americium-243, has a half-life of about 7,370 years.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele095.html (141 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Americium
		In shellfish, americium is attached to the shell
		However, exposure as children could result in a longer period in which americium in the bones could affect nearby cells and increase the chance of causing cancer later in life.
		In the unlikely case that you are exposed to high levels of radioactive americium because of accidental release at a manufacturing facility, at a nuclear plant, or because a nuclear weapon has been damaged or detonated, follow the advice of public health officials who will publish appropriate guidelines for reducing exposure.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts156.html (976 words)

	Americium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Americium was prepared for the first time in 1944/45, by Seaborg, James, Morgan and Ghiorso, through the neutron irradiation of plutonium samples.
		These researchers discovered the elements 95 and 96 while plutonium was being produced in industrial proportions, in Hanford, to be used in nuclear weapons.
		In spite of this, the elements were given the names americium (in analogy with europium) and curium, honoring Marie and Pierre Curie.
	mocho.pt /st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e09500.html (96 words)

	Americium smoke detector
		What kinds of chemicals would dissolve americium oxide, and, in a worst-case scenario, what would be the risk if such a chemical were spilled on the americium source inside of the smoke detector, or accumulated there because of vapors.
		First of all, the americium in a smoke detector is not encapsulated because the alpha particles it emits into the air inside the detector are essential for proper functioning and cannot penetrate encapsulating material.
		The americium oxide is bonded to a substrate and exposed directly to the air inside the smoke detector.
	www.hps.org /publicinformation/ate/q4738.html (807 words)

	Periodic Table : Scholar edition: americium : The Essentials
		Americium appears to be more malleable than uranium or neptunium and americium tarnishes slowly in dry air at room temperature.
		Americium is a radioactive rare earth metal which must be handled with care to avoid contact, since it is a heavy
		Americium is available to qualified users in the UK and in the USA.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/scholar/elements/americium/key.html (167 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - AMERICIUM
		In the end, element 95 was named "americium" because of its position in the periodic table.
		Small amounts of americium are used as ionization sources in smoke detectors.
		Uses: Americium-241 is made in large quantities in nuclear reactors and is available to qualified users in the U.S. and the U.K. It is used as a portable source of X-rays, as a source of ionization for smoke detectors, and as a radioactive glass thickness gauge for the flat-glass industry.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/americium.html (860 words)

	95 Americium
		Americium is the only synthetic (man-made) element that can be purchased at Walmart.
		It does not exist in nature and all of it that exists in the world, and at Walmart, was creating in nuclear reactors and extracted from spent fuel rods during reprocessing.
		My americium dot is now contained in a glued-shut box with a glass top that is harder to disassemble than the smoke detector was, and then inside a lead cup with a lid, just so our personnel manager doesn't freak out.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/095/index.s7.html (599 words)

	95 Americium
		In spite of this, the elements were given the names Americium and Curium.
		Using this concept, in 1944 and 1945 we synthesized and chemically identified elements 95 and 96, by analogy with their rare earth homologues, europium (element 63) and gadolinium (element 64).
		For Americium they suggested Columbium with the argument that Europium is named after Europe.
	www.vanderkrogt.net /elements/elem/am.html (626 words)

	Americium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		(the Americas) Americium was the fourth transuranic element to be discovered; the isotope 241Am was identified by Seaborg, James, Morgan, and Ghiorso late in 1944 at the wartime Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago as the result of successive neutron capture reactions by plutonium isotopes in a nuclear reactor.
		The luster of freshly prepared americium metal is white and more silvery than plutonium or neptunium prepared in the same manner.
		It has also been used as a radioactive glass thickness gage for the flat glass industry and as a source of ionization for smoke detectors.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/americium.html (165 words)

	americium. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Americium-243, the most stable isotope, has a half-life of over 7,300 years.
		The fourth transuranium elementto be synthesized, Americium is a member of the actinide series in group IIIb of the periodic table.
		It was discovered in 1944 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, and Albert Ghiorso, who bombarded plutonium-239 with neutrons to form plutonium-241, which decays to form americium-241.
	www.bartleby.com /65/am/americiu.html (227 words)

	Americium definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Trace quantities of americium are widely used in smoke detectors.
		It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.
		Americium was discovered in 1944 at the wartime metallurgical laboratory at the University of Chicago as the result of successive neutron capture reactions by plutonium isotopes in a nuclear reactor.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26765 (201 words)

	The Space Fellowship :: Using Americium?
		One day a few years ago I read an article reporting that a jewish university is working on an ion drive using a layer of Americium only a micrometer or so thick.
		The layer is so thin to prevent chain reaction of the highly radioactive Americium.
		The article mentions that the region around Tschernobyl is prohibited because of richness of Plutonium and Americium.
	www.spacefellowship.com /Forum/viewtopic.php?t=1319 (753 words)

	americium - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		AMERICIUM [americium], artificially produced radioactive chemical element; symbol Am; at.
		The fourth transuranium element to be synthesized, Americium is a member of the actinide series in group IIIb of the periodic table.
		Our archive contains millions of documents from thousands of sources and goes back over 23 years.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1E1:americiu/americium.html?refid=ip_hf (201 words)

	americium 240 concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		americium 240 concept from the Astronomy knowledge base
		Next americium: americium 241 Up: americium Previous americium: americium 239
		has relative atomic mass 243.0614 for americium 243 in units of
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/americium240.html (370 words)

	Amazon.com: Chemical Thermodynamics of Americium: Books: Robert J. Silva,Giovanni Bidoglio,Malcolm H. Rand,Piotr B. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The objective of these reviews is to provide a set of reliable thermodynamic data that can be used to describe the behaviour of these elements under conditions relevant for radioactive waste disposal systems and the geochemical environments.
		The present volume is a review of experimental data reported in the literature for americium.
		The basic philosophy was to develop a minimum set of solid phases and solution species of americium that would fit all experimental data being reviewed.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/044482281X?v=glance (510 words)

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