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Topic: Amerindian

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	Chapter 22: AMERINDIAN POLICIES
		The scale of Amerindian involvement in mining is a contributory factor to the changing dynamics of village life where the younger people often measure status by the possession of consumer goods and the gradual de-emphasizing of subsistence agriculture.
		Amerindian land rights in all regions of Guyana should be granted on this basis, and their land rights (collective or individual) should be enshrined in the law explicitly.
		Amerindian groups may indicate to the Government that they prefer to be subjected to a mutually agreeable covenant to address the customary rights, and consequently the social organisation and livelihood of their peoples.
	www.guyana.org /NDS/chap22.htm (17470 words)

	AmerIndian 2192 - A Podiobooks.com production Podcasts
		AmerIndian 2192 presents the story of two brothers, Wovoka and Keokuk, restoring the Native American people to a Homeland where their vibrant culture can thrive.
		In 1972, Bear Vajo, an AmerIndian militant, is denied by the Grandfathers.
		The tribes he is leading to revolution are told to wait until the White Buffalo walks among the People in his four-legged and two-legged form.
	www.podcastdirectory.com /podcasts/15287 (703 words)

	Links to the Amerindians of Guyana: Caribbean Amerindian Centrelink
		A short introduction on each of the main Amerindian groupings in Guyana--"By the nineteenth century, the principal Amerindian tribes inhabiting Guyana were the Caribs, the Akawois or Waikas, the Arawaks and the Warrous or Guaraunos.
		Myths and Legends of the Amerindians of Guyana, from Guyana.ro:
		On January 1, 1999, a 25-year-old Barbadian by the name of Damon Corrie became the second most influential Amerindian leader in the CARICOM when he was elected to the position of vice-sovereign chief of the 53,000 citizens of the Pan-Tribal Confederacy of Amerindian Tribal Nations.
	www.centrelink.org /Guyana.html (2591 words)

	AmerIndian 2192 - A free audio book from Podiobooks.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		AmerIndian 2192 is a science-fiction novel that explores the intriguing possibilities of Native Americans in mankind's star flung future.
		AmerIndian 2192 presents the story of two brothers, Wovoka and Keokuk, restoring the Native American people to a Homeland where their vibrant culture can thrive.
		The efforts of this roleplaying game group, dedicated to aiding the AmerIndian Confederacy and teaching its members to read, stand in sharp contrast to the bleak existence of Derek's family as they are affected by abusive UDA and mega-corp policies.
	www.podiobooks.com /podiobooks/book.php?ID=30 (1817 words)

	Trinbagopan.com - The Amerindians of Trinidad & Tobago
		Amerindian peoples have existed in Trinidad for as long as 6,000 years before the arrival of Columbus, and numbered at least 40,000 at the time of Spanish settlement in 1592.
		Amerindian words and place names survive into the present: the Caroni and Oropouche rivers; the Tamana and Aripo mountains; places such as Arima, Paria, Arouca, Caura, Tunapuna, Tacarigua, Couva, Mucurapo, Chaguanas, Carapichaima, Guaico, Mayaro, Guayaguayare; flora such as cassava, maize, cacao, tobacco, and fauna such as manicou and agouti.
		In 1783 Trinidad's Amerindians were displaced from their lands to make way for the influx of French planters and their African slaves.
	www.pantrinbago.com /Amerinidian1.htm (426 words)

	Ethnobiology and Conservation in Guyana
		Tang has criticised the top-down approach to development in region 9, asserting that the absence of Amerindian involvement in the planning and decision-making process observed in her specific case study reflected general weaknesses typical of development projects, both in Guyana and generally [Tang 1995: 29, 42-44].
		The study of human ecology is the investigation of the ways in which culture effects the adaptation of human populations to their environment, ecological and social, by the study of the articulation of ecological factors with all three components of the cultural system - infrastructure, structure, and superstructure [Sponsel 1986: 68].
		Amerindians comprise around 75% of these people, and the vast majority of trappers are Amerindian men, who may operate individually or as part of a village cooperative [Edwards 1992: 82-83].
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /Sonja/RF/Divdocs/Hen/propxframes.html (15805 words)

	AMERINDIAN Ancestry Out of Acadia DNA PROJECT - Family Project Website
		The AmerIndian Ancestry Surname Project assists participants in their search for their earliest AmerIndian ancestors, at times contributing to the purchase of DNA test kits for descendants whose maternal line traces to a “Person of Interest” (For a list of names, click on Goals Tab) and employing DNA test results to validate family lines.
		It is incredibly exciting to have found that so many of our study participants share the same ancient AmerIndian family lines and have the same exact DNA mutation strings appearing in their test results.
		A secondary goal of the AmerIndian Ancestry Project is in relation to the Bras d’Or Indian families.
	www.familytreedna.com /public/AcadianAmerIndian (1529 words)

	Unasylva - No. 170 - Boreal forests - The integrated management of Amerindian forests
		It is impossible to think that the Amerindians, the earliest inhabitants of Quebec, managed to survive without exploiting the resources of this vast province, with its extensive lakes and forests.
		Mr Picard goes on to say that "the Amerindians did a little of the logging themselves but, because of insufficient labour and money to buy the necessary machinery, we had to call in people from outside the reservation for this work".
		These new requirements were very restrictive for the Amerindian population, as tree-felling had been, and still is, only one of their many activities.
	www.fao.org /docrep/u6850E/u6850e06.htm (1567 words)

	Amerindian Peoples Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Amerindian Peoples Association is a non- governmental organization formed by Amerindians for Amerindians.
		The objectives of the APA are to promote the social, economic, political and cultural development of Amerindian communities in solidarity with each other and to promote and defend their rights.
		The APA was born at a conference for Amerindian leaders in Georgetown and is a result of incursions on traditional Indigenous lands by large mining and logging companies and because of the exploitation suffered, police brutality and neglect from the government of the day.
	www.caribbeanngos.net /member_profile_pages/jl2 (562 words)

	Information on Amerindian Arts and amerindianarts.com-Amerindian Arts is not for sale
		Amerindian Arts has also maintained its integrity as an ebay trader under the ebay ID 'amerindianarts.com' since 1998, currently operating a store at http://stores.ebay.com/Amerindian-Arts, as well as ID 'prophetsrocktradingco', dealing in Zuni fetishes and art.
		Amerindian Arts will do everything in its power to prevent the success of buydomains.com or any other party that attempts to capitalize on the amerindianarts.com trademark.
		Amerindian Arts has tried to maintain its integrity and a low profile in regard to this matter.
	www.amerindianarts.us /amerindianarts.html (555 words)

	Challenges to and opportunities for profit without plunder: Conflicts over Amerindian lands and rights
		Some Amerindians continue to live in traditional, forest-dependent communities while others are highly integrated into Guyana's national economy and express the clear desire to adopt modern techniques, technologies, and products.
		The Act specifies who is allowed to live in and use Amerindian areas, how the areas are to be governed, and, most important, the land rights of those Amerindians in villages and districts.
		In practice, according to Amerindian rights activists and studies by the University of Guyana's Amerindian Research Unit, concessionaires and Amerindians frequently clash because some traditional communities remain without title to their land or because as traditionally nomadic peoples they make use of areas larger than those titled.
	biodiv.wri.org /pubs_content_text.cfm?ContentID=1236 (767 words)

	Another hit- from Guyana: Land of Six Peoples
		Exploitation of Amerindian women:- this issue was recently raised at the level of the National Assembly.
		Often, Amerindian women who leave their village in order to earn cash gain employment as domestics, or in similar low-income jobs.
		Women and the environment:- An issue which is likely to emerge as an important aspect of the role of Amerindians in matters relating to the environment is that of the role of women as repositories of specialised knowledge.
	www.landofsixpeoples.com /news/nc009153.htm (580 words)

	Society Ethnicity Indigenous People Caribbean Polish Yellow Pages - Polska - Poland - Polen
		Amerindian Peoples Association- This is the official website of Guyana's Amerindian Association, featuring reports, newsletters, and information about the APA.
		Main Amerindian Groups in Guyana- This is a short introduction on each of the main Amerindian groupings in Guyana.
		The Amerindians of Guyana- Data from the Library of Congress' Handbook on Guyana is presented here, providing a brief overiew of the Amerindian tribes of Guyana (who they are and where they are located).
	www.yp.pl /ca/173089/Society/Ethnicity/Indigenous_People/Caribbean (277 words)

	Guyana's Amerindian Peoples Association Homepage
		About the APA:The Amerindian Peoples Association of Guyana or the APA is a non-governmental organisation formed by Amerindians for Amerindians, It is primarily an advocacy organisation which focuses on the rights of the Amerindians Peoples of Guyana.
		These units work at the community level to promote the rights of the people at the local level and serve as a means of communication between the APA central office in Georgetown and the communities as well as among other communities.
		Where there are activities that prove to be or can turn out to be detrimental to Amerindians the APA also seeks to have the situation corrected by bringing these issues to the forefront through dialogue with the individuals, offices or agencies involved.
	www.sdnp.org.gy /apa (745 words)

	Amerindian Literature / Native American Literature
		In a recent survey I conducted the general consensus was that Amerindians are dark skinned, their women were subservient to men and many still hold that a mystery race or Western culture group built the mounds.
		The second is the traditional Amerindian who may or may not carry a card, but is truly an Amerindian author yet may also write in a clearly Western style.
		Based on my experiences as a student, being an instructor at East Central College where I teach Amerindian philosophy and history, coupled with field research I have conducted for the Missouri Historical Society, it is safe to say that the Western perception of the Amerindian is largely a romanticized fiction.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/memorial/68/nalit.html (2140 words)

	Native Languages of the Americas: Preserving and promoting Amerindian languages
		If you have found a dead link, an error in need of correction, or a great new Amerindian site we should add to our index, here is our contact page, also with answers to frequently asked questions.
		If you are looking for Orrin's homepage, we moved it to its own location to give more prominence to the Amerindian language pages.
		Actually, Amerindian languages do not belong to a single language family, but 25-30 small ones; they are usually discussed together because of the small numbers of native speakers of the Amerindian language families and how little is known about many of them.
	www.native-languages.org /linguistics.htm (751 words)

	Challenges to and opportunities for profit without plunder: Conflicts over Amerindian lands and rights
		Research during the 1980s identified more than 115 different Amerindian villages, but since individuals and entire villages often relocate, this figure can be used only as an estimate.
		The 1951 Amerindian Act (amended in 1961 and 1976) legally recognized 63 Amerindian villages and two Amerindian districts.
		There are differing estimates of Guyana's Amerindian population: National Environmental Action Plan (43,000), Amerindians and Poverty by Janette Forte from 1986 census (40,000), Populations of Guyanese Amerindian Settlements in the 1980s (43,000), Memorandum from the Guyanese Organization of Indigenous Peoples (45,000).
	pubs.wri.org /pubs_content_text.cfm?ContentID=1236 (737 words)

	Human Biology: Paternal directional mating in two Amerindian subpopulations located at different altitudes in ...
		All mtDNA haplotypes were identified as Amerindian with a frequency of 64.6% of the B form (9-bp deletion in mtDNA region V).
		Moreover, the analysis of mtDNA and Y-chromosome haplotypes allowed determination of the frequency of African, Amerindian, and European ancestors in female and male lineages of an African Uruguayan population and detection of an asymmetric introgression of European Y chromosomes into the ancestral population (Bravi et al.
		DNA was extracted from 1 ml of blood collected from 42 males and 22 females with well-documented biparental Amerindian genealogies and phenotypes characteristic of Amerindians from northwestern Argentina.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_199812/ai_n8818654 (1051 words)

	DeRLAS Vol 1 No 2 Martinez Cruzado
		The results indicated that these people were definitely Amerindian, but it was not possible to determine whether a filial, as well as a cultural, relationship existed between them, even when the most hypervariable region of the mtDNA was analyzed.
		Of the 18 samples from the Indieras, 10 presented Amerindian mtDNA (55%); of the 5 samples from Miraflores, 4 were Amerindian (80%); of the 33 from the UPRM, 25 were Amerindian (76%).
		A strong Amerindian presence has been found in the southern coastal city of Ponce, for example, while African fl mtDNA is present in the central mountains of Puerto Rico.
	www.udel.edu /LASP/Vol1-2MartinezC.html (1833 words)

	Human Biology: Microevolution and genetic affinities among six Amerindian tribes of Lower Central America: Comparative ...
		Consequently, these Amerindian populations are influenced by environmental conditions only rarely and therefore could preserve their traditional manner of living with special regard to medicine, religion, social structures, etc. The social relationships not only of the Bribri but also of the Cabecar are organized matrilineally, and descendants can be traced through the maternal line.
		Thus within these Amerindian tribes one can find many monomorphic gene loci and special genetic variants or private polymorphisms caused by endogamous mating and the tribes' special long history without gene flow (Barrantes 1991; Cuenca Berger 1992).
		Quitirrisi was not organized as an Amerindian reservation until 1976, and many Huetar families did not know of their Amerindian origin before this time.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_199612/ai_n8757619 (1339 words)

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