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Topic: Amerindian languages

	Amerindian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Amerindian Languages of Guyana An overview of the Amerindian languages spoken in Guyana, the number and locations of the speakers of each, and their relationships to overall language families, is presented here by the Summer Institute of Linguistics Ethnologue database.
		Ethnologue - Amerindian Languages of Suriname An overview of the Amerindian languages spoken in Suriname, the number and locations of the speakers of each, and their relationships to overall language families, is presented here by the Summer Institute of Linguistics Ethnologue database.
		Amerindian Policies and National Development Strategy in Guyana Chapter 22 of the October 1996 draft of Guyana's development strategy focuses on the condition and prospects of the Amerindian population.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Amerindian_languages.html (376 words)

	Indigenous languages of the Americas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages) are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and Greenland, encompassing the land masses which constitute the Americas.
		The language or languages spoken by these early migrants, and the process by which the current diversity of indigenous languages in the Americas emerged, are a matter of speculation.
		Indigenous languages vary greatly in the number of speakers, from Quechua, Aymara, Guarani, and Nahuatl with millions of active speakers to a number of languages with only a handful of elderly speakers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amerindian_Languages (1468 words)

	Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At least three of the Amerindian languages (Quechua in Peru and Bolivia, Aymara also in Bolivia, and Guarani in Paraguay) are recognized along with Spanish as national languages.
		Though cultural features including language, garb, and customs vary enormously from one tribe to another; there are certain elements which are encountered frequently and shared by many indigenous peoples.
		In the French language, the term Amérindien has been coined, and the English term Amerindian (sometimes abbreviated Amerind) is sometimes used in the social sciences to refer collectively to all indigenous peoples of the Americas or their cultures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amerindian (2366 words)

	Edward Sapir, January 26, 1884—February 4, 1939 \| By Regna Darnell and Judith T. Irvine \| Biographical Memoirs
		It was a fortunate collaboration: Tillohash's ability to analyze his native language meshed with Sapir's intuitions to produce what has sometimes been called the most beautiful grammatical description ever written of an Amerindian language.
		In 1933 he followed up this pattern-oriented argument in discussing the phoneme's "psychological reality," that is, the intuitions of Amerindian language speakers for their native language's phonological system.
		Amerindian studies could no longer be seen as the core of anthropology as they had been for the first half of the century.
	stills.nap.edu /readingroom/books/biomems/esapir.html (3928 words)

	latinamer
		In this connexion, the French specialist in Amerindian languages Bernard Pottier draws attention to "the existence of categories of thought manifested by grammatical modes to which we are not accustomed".
		Language naturally played an essential role in this confrontation, since it was the material in which the ideological content of the conditioning process was moulded.
		This meant that the natives were conditioned in their own language but also that the colonial process strengthened the status of some languages, such as Guarani, which was standardized in the Missions, or developed the spread of others, like Quechua, whose use was greatly extended after the Conquest.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/articles/latinamer.html (1826 words)

	Cultural Readings - Related Essays - Slive
		The early publication of Amerindian languages, in the form of word lists and brief vocabularies, appeared in accounts of voyages and travels and other records of colonial expansion.
		For the Allentiac language of the Cuyo region of northern Argentina, the Jesuit Valdivia wrote one of the few studies ever made of the language, accompanied by a short vocabulary, confession, catechism, and Christian doctrine.
		Authors of Amerindian grammars often remarked that the sound of the native languages could not be adequately conveyed using standard roman typefaces.
	www.library.upenn.edu /exhibits/rbm/kislak/index/slive.html (4171 words)

	Welcome to the LOT pages
		Central points of interest of this enterprise are the development of a spelling system, an examination of the potential role of the minority languages in the educational system and the media and, more in general, an appreciation of these languages as an integral part of the culture of their speakers.
		However, in the case of many Amerindian languages, whose speakers are bilingual more often than not, it can be shown that not only their lexicons but also aspects of their grammars are being affected.
		However, given the vast typological differences between the Amerindian languages, the precise effects of borrowing processes on their grammars are language dependent to a relatively high degree.
	www.let.uu.nl /LOT/News&Events/Newsletters/2004/2004-06-04.html (1465 words)

	Amerindian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Amerindian Peoples Association in Guyana An overview of the work, including activities and programmes, of the Amerindian Peoples Association with links to partners.
		Issues in Caribbean Amerindian Studies Articles, essays, and "occasional papers", published online, on topics concerning Caribbean Amerindian culture, society and history.
		KACIKE: Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology Established in 1999 by an international editorial board, publishing articles and reviews on Caribbean Amerindian Archaeology, History, and Anthropology.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Amerindian.html (303 words)

	Cultural Readings - Related Essays - Slive
		Wood writes that "their language is hard to learn; few of the English being able to speak any of it, or capable of the right pronunciation, which is the chief grace of their tongue.
		His work is considered one of the most informative texts on the Huron language and a major source regarding the Recollect missions from 1615 to their expulsion from New France in 1629.
		In the chapter entitled "Of their Language, Hieroglyphicks, &c," short vocabularies and numerical terms are given for the "Chipéway" and "Naudowessie" languages.
	www.library.upenn.edu /special/gallery/kislak/index/slive.html (4171 words)

	Atlas of the Languages of Suriname, Reviewed for Kacike by Janette Bulkan Forte
		The various creole languages of Suriname are assumed to have a common origin in a contact language in use on the plantations in the coastal area of Suriname in the latter half of the 17
		Put simply, a logophoric language uses two different pronouns to indicate whether the subject of a main clause containing a verb of saying is identical to the subject of the embedded clause or not.
		Language, too, participates in this religious division: while the reformist mosques emphasize the use of Arabic in prayer, the conservative, west-facing mosques pray using an old-fashioned, literary Javanese, almost as impenetrable to the congregation as Arabic would be.
	www.kacike.org /ForteAtlas.htm (6743 words)

	Setting the Record Straight: Are Native American Languages Primitive?
		Besides, if one Amerindian language has a feature which someone claims is 'simpler' than English, you can bet the farm that one of the other 800 has the same feature more 'complex' than English.
		(Algonquian languages do tend to be verb-based.) Whoever has taken this as evidence of English superiority over the Algonquins had better be prepared to submit humbly to the Inuit, though, since Inuktitut has about four times the noun phrase complexity of English.
		There is no Indian spiritual tradition supporting the idea that Amerindian languages came from aliens or mermen.
	www.native-languages.org /iaq7.htm (707 words)

	Links to the Amerindians of Guyana: Caribbean Amerindian Centrelink
		A short introduction on each of the main Amerindian groupings in Guyana--"By the nineteenth century, the principal Amerindian tribes inhabiting Guyana were the Caribs, the Akawois or Waikas, the Arawaks and the Warrous or Guaraunos.
		Myths and Legends of the Amerindians of Guyana, from Guyana.ro:
		On January 1, 1999, a 25-year-old Barbadian by the name of Damon Corrie became the second most influential Amerindian leader in the CARICOM when he was elected to the position of vice-sovereign chief of the 53,000 citizens of the Pan-Tribal Confederacy of Amerindian Tribal Nations.
	www.centrelink.org /Guyana.html (2591 words)

	Reflections on Amerindian Heritage Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Amerindian Heritage Month should be the month in which our other Guyanese brothers and sisters should have an opportunity to really see our culture.
		Year after year, Amerindian Heritage Month is planned and organised by people who know nothing about Amerindians or Amerindianism.
		Amerindian Heritage Month should be the month in which we expose our culture to Guyana.
	www.landofsixpeoples.com /news022/nc210018.htm (607 words)

	Language Resources: Text Only Caribbean Amerindian Centrelink (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Dictionary of the Taino Language - Taino (Arawakan) - English.
		Amerindian Languages of Guyana - An overview of the Amerindian languages spoken in Guyana, the number and locations of the speakers of each, and their relationships to overall language families, is presented here by the Summer Institute of Linguistics Ethnologue database.
		Amerindian Languages of Suriname - An overview of the Amerindian languages spoken in Suriname, the number and locations of the speakers of each, and their relationships to overall language families, is presented here by the Summer Institute of Linguistics Ethnologue database.
	www.kacike.org /cac-ike/Languages.html (234 words)

	Native Languages of the Americas: Preserving and promoting Amerindian languages
		Click here for a list of Amerindian language families showing the linguistic relationships between Amerind languages.
		If you are looking for Orrin's homepage, we moved it to its own location to give more prominence to the Amerindian language pages.
		Actually, Amerindian languages do not belong to a single language family, but 25-30 small ones; they are usually discussed together because of the small numbers of native speakers of the Amerindian language families and how little is known about many of them.
	www.native-languages.org /linguistics.htm (658 words)

	Native American Language Net: Preserving and promoting indigenous American Indian languages
		We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to the survival of Native American languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology.
		Actually, Native American languages do not belong to a single Amerindian family, but 25-30 small ones; they are usually discussed together because of the small numbers of natives speaking most of these languages and how little is known about many of them.
		These are linguistically diverse languages deserving of individual attention, and it is very difficult to make accurate generalizations about them as a group.
	www.native-languages.org (1052 words)

	And Along Came Boas: Continuity and Revolution in Americanist Anthropology by Michael D. Levin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Reviewed in University of Toronto Quarterly by MICHAEL D. The classification of Amerindian languages is a thread of inquiry and debate that ties together the Americanist tradition in anthropology.
		Her book is the story of how Boas moved the centre of American anthropology from the Bureau to the universities and the intellectual transformations he and his students initiated as they took up the research concerns of the Bureau and made them their own.
		Although well beyond the scope of the book, Darnell's opinion on Greenberg's further reduction of Amerindian language families to three would have strengthened her argument for the centrality of Amerindian linguistics to anthropology as a whole and for its core debates as a vital area of scholarship at the end of the twentieth century.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/utq/701/boas92.html (662 words)

	Amerindian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Most emperors and Indians spoke different languages but at the they settled down for Quechua and Aymará.
		The expansion of the Inca Empire Tawantinsuyu) demanded the independence of the languages they decided that for administrative purposes Quechua be the main language.
		General and Amerindian Ethnolinguistics: In Remembrance of Stanley Newman (Contributions to the Sociology of Language, 55)
	www.freeglossary.com /Amerindian_language (185 words)

	Amerindian Languages for Cavers
		The so-called Amerindian Languages are the original languages of the Indian tribes in the Americas.
		Much of this cultures remained, including religion and languages, or was revived.
		In Belize English is the official language, but 180,000 citizens speak Creole, 130,000 speak Spanish, 22,000 speak any one of the Mayan languages and 3,000 speak German.
	www.showcaves.com /english/gt/Language.html (205 words)

	All.info: Arts and Humanities / Language / Amerindian Languages / (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Language lessons from A Cree Phrase Book by the Department of Native Studies, Brandon University, Brandon Manitoba.
		The phrase book is a compilation of materials from the course Introduction to the Cree Language developed in the IMPACTE programme at Brandon University and first taught in the winter of 1972.
		Native languages are becoming extinct at an alarming rate.
	www.all.info /directory/Arts_and_Humanities/Language/Amerindian_Languages (144 words)

	Move to put Amerindian languages in schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Studies showing that children learn better in their native language is just one rationale behind an initiative to incorporate Amerindian languages into Guyana's education system.
		Rodrigues emphasised the importance of domestic language in Guyana.
		She hopes that one, if not two, native languages will be brought into the school curriculum.
	www.landofsixpeoples.com /news304/ns3112512.htm (189 words)

	Related WordNet synsets for SUMO concept NaturalLanguage
		the Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Tibet and Nepal and Bhutan and Sikkim
		Himalayish language spoken in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal
		a prehistoric unrecorded language that was the ancestor of all Indo-European languages
	icosym-nt.cvut.cz /kifb/wordnet/_natural_language.html (4976 words)

	Directory - Society: Ethnicity: The Americas: Indigenous: Caribbean: Language Resources
		This category incorporates all Amerindian language resources, including vocabularies, grammar rules, language families, and other linguistic materials.
		Ethnologue - Amerindian Languages of Suriname · cached · An overview of the Amerindian languages spoken in Suriname, the number and locations of the speakers of each, and their relationships to overall language families, is presented here by the Summer Institute of Linguistics Ethnologue database.
		Amerindian Languages of Guyana · cached · An overview of the Amerindian languages spoken in Guyana, the number and locations of the speakers of each, and their relationships to overall language families, is presented here by the Summer Institute of Linguistics Ethnologue database.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=496666 (167 words)

	Internet Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Language Resources -- links to various sites on specific languages and on linguistic research projects, maintained by the editors of the LINGUIST list.
		Mexican cultures and languages -- website for children, dealing with indigenous Mexican cultures, including whole sections in indigenous languages like Nahuatl.
		Words in English from Amerindian Languages -- complied by Mark Rosenfelder from standard sources.
	wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/ssila/Links/generallinks.stm (191 words)

	Ethnologue report for Guyana
		The number of languages listed for Guyana is 17.
		Of those, 16 are living languages and 1 is extinct.
		Closest to Akawaio, but vocabulary differences and language attitudes make separate literature necessary.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Guyana (341 words)

	Ethnologue, Languages of the World
		Over 12,000 citations spanning 70 years of SIL International's language research in over 1,000 languages.
		Books about languages and cultures of the world for education, research, and reference.
		Computer resources including an extensive library for language researchers and software tools and fonts.
	www.ethnologue.com (74 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
		French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
		English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/fields/2098.html (2199 words)

	Languages by Countries :: Official Languages of the Americas and the Caribbean
		Languages by Countries :: Official Languages of the Americas and the Caribbean
		___Official and Spoken Languages of the Countries of the Americas and the Caribbean.
		Sranan Tongo, a Creole language contains elements from English, Portugese, Dutch, and influences from African and Indian languages; Hindi, Javanese, Maroon and indigenous people languages.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/american_languages.htm (203 words)

	Caribbean Amerindian Language Resources
		- An overview of the Amerindian languages spoken in Guyana, the number and locations of the speakers of each, and their relationships to overall language families, is presented here by the Summer Institute of Linguistics Ethnologue database.
		- An overview of the Amerindian languages spoken in Suriname, the number and locations of the speakers of each, and their relationships to overall language families, is presented here by the Summer Institute of Linguistics Ethnologue database.
		a brief selection of English translations for a variety of words in the Carib and Arawak language families.
	www.centrelink.org /Languages.html (181 words)

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