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Topic: Amine Gemayel

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	Bachir Gemayel - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gemayel was educated at the Lebanese Modern Institute.
		Gemayel became a member of the Lebanese Front in 1980 and in 1981 he led the unified Christian Lebanese militias in the Battle of Zahleh.
		Bachir Gemayel was succeeded as president by his older brother Amine Gemayel, who served from 1982 to 1988.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Bashir_Gemayel (712 words)

	[No title]
		Amine GEMAYEL, the eighth President of the Lebanese Republic was born at Bikfaya in Lebanon in January 22nd 1942, into a family which has played a major political role in modern Lebanon.
		Concerning Syria, in 1982, Amine Gemayel dissolved the Arab Dissuasion Force which legitimised Syrian military presence in Lebanon; then, despite heavy pressure, in December 1985 he refused to ratify the so-called Damascus treaty which was intent on breaking up all Lebanese institutions.
		Paradoxically, although the major criticisms of Amine Gemayel during his presidency were his desire to appear as the president of all Lebanon and the pre eminence of the state, today, these are the factors which give him credibility in the eyes of the Lebanese people.
	www.chez.com /kataeb/Amine1.html (550 words)

	Kataeb Party - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the aftermath of the war, Pierre Gemayel was appointed to the cabinet, and two years later, was elected to the National Assembly.
		Amine was widely regarded at the time as possessing neither the charisma and military skill of his brother Bashir, nor the consummate political experience of his father Pierre, and had difficulty rallying the nation and the Phalange Party around him.
		In retaliation for Bashir Gemayel assassination, a Phalangist unit lead by Elie Hobeika committed the Sabra and Shatila Massacre in September 1982 while Israeli forces were guarding the entrances.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Kataeb (489 words)

	Dossier: Amine Gemayel (February-March 2003)
		Amine was born in 1942, the eldest of the two sons and four daughters raised by Pierre and his wife, Genevieve.
		Gemayel put forth a compromise proposal that established a state security agency for non-military intelligence gathering under the stewardship of a Shiite and a six-man multiconfessional Military Council with exclusive oversight of appointments at the brigade and division levels.
		The death of the aging Pierre Gemayel, whose presence in the cabinet served to quiet Christian opposition to the government, and the passing of the Maronite patriarch in the fall of 1984 led some in the LF to believe that the time was right to break with Gemayel completely.
	www.meib.org /articles/0302_ld.htm (5749 words)

	Amine Gemayel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amine Gemayel (Arabic: أمين الجميل) (born 1942) was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988.
		Born in Beirut, Amine Gemayel (IPA: [ɑˈmin dʒəmaɪˈɛl]) [1] is the son of Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Kataeb Party.
		While his younger brother Bashir was regarded as a political radical, espousing the expulsion of Palestinian guerrillas from Lebanese soil and a radical overhaul of the political system, and hinting at a possible peace settlement with Israel, Amine Gemayel was considered more moderate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amine_Gemayel (815 words)

	Politicians Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During Gemayel's presidency, Lebanon continued to be torn by violence, and Syria and Israel occupied parts of Lebanon.
		When his term expired in September 1988 and the Lebanese parliament was unable to agree on a new leader, Gemayel named the commander of the Lebanese Army, General Michel Aoun as head of an interim government.
		Concerning Syria, in 1982, Amin Gemayel dissolved the Arab Dissuasion Force which legitimised Syrian military presence in Lebanon; then, despite heavy pressure, in December 1985 he refused to ratify the so-called Damascus treaty which was intent on breaking up all Lebanese institutions.
	www.libanvote.com /project/homepages/AmineGemayel.html (293 words)

	Lebanese Forces : Gemayel Accuses 'Ghosts" of Stopping his Phalange Takeover
		Ex-President Amine Gemayel said in a newspaper interview published Sunday that Lebanon's existence is in peril and accused the 'Ghosts' of blocking his takeover of the Phalange Party leadership.
		Gemayel, who returned from 10 years of self-chosen exile in France eight months ago, said the leaders of the two main bickering wings of the Party, Munir Hajj and Elie Karami were on the verge of a reconciliation accord blessed by the Political Bureau, but the 'Ghosts" suddenly intervened and blocked the rapprochement.
		Gemayel said the Taif accord was the charter that governed the presence of the Syrian army in Lebanon.
	www.lebaneseforces.com /news1march192001.asp (460 words)

	Amin Gemayel Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Gemayel commanded a private police unit during the Lebanese war (1975-1982), but his major involvement in the conflict was political and relatively conciliatory.
		Gemayel's election was met with a cool reception by Israel, Syria, Iran, Libya, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), each of whom had found and exploited partners in Lebanon itself ready to thwart the regime's declared objectives.
		Gemayel was a "progressive rightist." He viewed Lebanon's distinctiveness in its way of life, which values human rights, entrepreneurship, moderation, "revulsion with totalitarianism," and a yearning for unity in diversity.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/amin-gemayel (883 words)

	New Page 1
		This was due in part to the fact that Amine Gemayel's son, Pierre, entered the race in the final days of the campaign and drew the support of most Phalange supporters in the district.
		Gemayel's supporters boycotted the meeting, but Hajj and Pakradouni barely managed to secure a quorum and 13 of the party's 25 politburo members voted to approve the decision.
		Gemayel immediately condemned the measure, which he said constituted a "conspiracy to end the role of the Phalange" in Lebanese politics, and angrily announced that he would boycott the elections.
	www.falange1.com /kataeb1.htm (3122 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		Pierre Gemayel was born on 6 November 1905, in the village of Bifkaya, Lebanon, where his family had played a prominent role since 1540.
		The Kataeb built a private army, which came to be commanded by Gemayel's son Bachir, and was secretly armed, trained, and funded by Israel.
		It is one of the many ironies of Lebanese politics that a party that initially drew inspiration from the virulently anti-semitic Nazi movement in Germany was later to become a close collaborator with the Jewish state.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Pierre_Gemayel_.html (857 words)

	President Amine Gemayel
		Sheikh Amine Gemayel, the eighth President of the Lebanese republic was born in the village of Bikfaya - Lebanon in 1942, to a family which has played a major political role in modern Lebanon.
		In 1970 at the age of 28, Sheikh Amine Gemayel was elected to the Lebanese parliament, and became thus the youngest member.
		Concerning Syria, in 1982, presided by Amine Gemayel, the Lebanese government dissolved the Arab Dissuasion Force which legitimised Syrian military presence in Lebanon and in September 1983, he addressed a letter to the Syrian President Hafez El Assad requesting the withdrawal of his forces from the country.
	www.lebanesefront.com /PresidentAmineGemayel.html (597 words)

	Gemayel - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		GEMAYEL [Gemayel], Maronite Christian family active in Lebanese politics; leaders of the Phalange party (1937-82), and later the Phalange militia.
		Bashir Gemayel, 1947-82, Pierre's younger son, was the militant leader of Phalange forces in the late 1970s, and he reinforced Maronite power.
		He was replaced by his older brother, Amin Gemayel, 1942-, a lawyer, businessman, and member of the Lebanese parliament from 1970.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-gemayel.html (435 words)

	Pierre Gemayel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party (also known as the Phalange Party), as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of Bashir Gemayel and Amine Gemayel, both of whom were elected President of the Republic in his lifetime.
		Gemayel was known for his opposition to foreign domination of Lebanon, whether by the Ottomans, France, or any other power, for his belief in the coexistence of Christians and Moslems in a single state, and for his abhorrence of Lebanon being used as a proxy battleground in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
		In the 1970s, the Kataeb was to build a private army, which came to be commanded by Gemayel's son Bashir, to oppose the armed Palestinian presence in Lebanon.
	www.falange.us /pierre.htm (963 words)

	Amin Gemayel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amin Gemayel was born in Bikfaya, the oldest son of Pierre Gemayel.
		Concerning Syria, in 1982, presided by Amine Gemayel, the Lebanese government dissolved the Arab Dissuasion Force which legitimised Syrian military presence in Lebanon and in September 1983, he addressed a letter to the Syrian President
		Apart from his political activities, in 1976, Amine Gemayel created the INMA Foundation,a non-profit organization, which brings together a number of institutions dealing with social, political, and economic issues concerning Lebanon and the Middle East.
	www.warsoflebanon.com /amin-gemayel.html (493 words)

	Amine Gemayel (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-1.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Image:Aminegemayelsmall.jpg Amine Gemayel (born 1942) was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988.
		When Bashir Gemayel was assassinated, therefore, Amine was regarded as a natural choice to bring together both the supporters of his slain brother, and his Moslem opponents.
		Gemayel is married to the former Joyce Tyan.
	amine-gemayel.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (797 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		Bashir Gemayel's brother, Amine, was elected President by a unanimous vote of the parliament.
		As it became clear that the departure of the U.S. Marines was imminent, the Gemayel Government came under increasing pressure from Syria and its Muslim Lebanese allies to abandon the May 17 accord.
		However, when the accord was opposed by Gemayel and the leader of the LF was overthrown by his hardline anti-Syrian rival, Samir Jaja, in January 1986, Syria responded by inducing the Muslim government ministers to cease dealing with Gemayel in any capacity, effectively paralyzing the government.
	www.traveldocs.com /lb/history.htm (2461 words)

	Former Lebanese President to Lecture on Mideast Peace
		Gemayel came to the United States and joined the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University, where he spent the academic year 1988-1989 lecturing and writing about his political experience as president of Lebanon.
		Gemayel created the non-profit INMA Foundation in 1976, which focuses on the social, political and economic problems of Lebanon and the Middle East.
		Gemayel is a Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Maryland, where he is working on another book on the history and politics of modern Lebanon.
	www.loc.gov /today/pr/1999/99-082.html (473 words)

	"Gemayel Returns to Lebanon" (August 2000)
		Gemayel was at times vehemently opposed to the presence of Syrian forces in Lebanon during his tenure in office from 1982 to 1988.
		Gemayel did not stay around to witness Aoun's dramatic, but failed, attempt to liberate the country by force of arms in 1989-90.
		Gemayel, on the other hand, grew eager to assist the political career of his son, Pierre by helping him to assert his leadership within the extended Gemayel family and the Kata'ib Party.
	www.meib.org /articles/0008_l2.htm (1081 words)

	Lebanonwire.com \| Former President Amine Gemayel: "The main challenge is Syrian hegemony"
		During his mandate, Amine Gemayel confronted attempts by the PLO to establish itself on a permanent basis in Lebanon as well as Syria's bid to control the political life of the country.
		Sheikh Amine Gemayel was as open as possible, although obviously tired because of his extremely busy schedule.
		President Gemayel: It is unconstitutional and undemocratic in general since it leads to confusion between some branches of government, mainly the executive and the legislative ones.
	www.lebanonwire.com /0504/05042602MPLW.asp (1621 words)

	Lebanese Forces : Bashir Gemayel commemoration mass turns into LF and Kataeb demo
		It was the first time since the assassination of Gemayel that a commemoration mass turns into a human demonstration that shows the frustration of thousands of supporters demanding the liberation of dismantled LF leader Samir Geagea.
		In her speech, Solange Gemayel, wife of the late president, strongly criticized the electoral law, arguing that many Christian groups feel they were dropped out of political life.
		Attended the mass members of the Gemayel family, including former President Amine Gemayel, who returned home from France a few weeks ago after a ten-year exile, newly elected MP, Pierre Amine Gemayel, and a large number of officials and representatives of the president of the republic, the prime minister and the house speaker.
	www.lebaneseforces.com /news1september152000.asp (266 words)

	The Principle Characters
		On August 23, 1982, Gemayel was elected President of the Republic in a second ballot by a vote of 57 for with 5 abstentions.
		Gemayel, Pierre (1905-1984), founder and leader of the Lebanese Kataeb Party, the Phalanage, and the father of Amin and Bashir Gemayel..
		To his end, he headed a coalition government formed by the president Amine Gemayel in 1984, which was hoped to end the country’s bitter war, yet he was assassinated three years later, in 1987, while he was traveling by helicopter with a number of other dignitaries.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Parliament/2587/bio.html (9818 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Former Lebanon President Plans for Peace
		Gemayel was introduced by KSG Dean Joseph S. Nye, who welcomed the former Harvard affiliate back to Cambridge for the event, sponsored by KSG’s Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation.
		Gemayel served as president of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988, six tumultuous years of political uncertainty which saw the seizure of West Beirut by Israeli forces and increasingly precarious national autonomy.
		Gemayel stressed the need for including Arabs in the process of rebuilding Iraq, deploying a contingent of Arab peace keepers in the area and establishing a republican council to speak for the people before official elections.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=348514 (828 words)

	Bachir Gemayel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelled Bashir (Arabic: بشير الجميل), (November 10, 1947 – September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander, politician and president elect.
		Habib Tanious Shartouni, a member of the pro-Damascus Syrian Social Nationalist Party, confessed to the crime, was apprehended and handed to Amine Gemayel.
		He has two surviving children: a daughter, Youmna, who received her degree in political science in Paris, and is now working towards her Masters in Management at ESA (École supérieure des affaires) in Beirut, and a son, Nadim, a law student and political activist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bachir_Gemayel (677 words)

	Dean's World: Amin Gemayel, Next Secretary General?
		For example, President Gemayel is a close ally of the Bush Administration who is in desperate need of an ally in the UN to rescue its failing diplomacy and to save its deteriorating relationship with its allies.
		President Gemayel’s political record is that of a solid advocate of the Lebanese experience and a defender of its unique “mission.” Therefore, the Vatican is expected to use its influence in the Catholic world to back Gemayel, whom the Pope has met on several occasions.
		Thus, for the sake of peace, democracy, and freedom, let’s hope that President Amine Gemayel is nominated and elected to be the Secretary General of the United Nations.
	www.deanesmay.com /archives/001234.html (1257 words)

	President Amine Gemayel
		The news regarding President Gemayel’s succession to Secretary General, Kofi Anan, was triggered by a report published in the Washington
		President Gemayel since Pope John II believes that Lebanon, due to its unique Christian-Muslim experience of co-existence, is not a country but a
		President Gemayel’s political record is that of a solid advocate of the Lebanese
	www.alcc-research.com /perspective/AG-UNSec.html (866 words)

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