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Topic: Amino acid

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	Amino Acids
		The precise amino acid content, and the sequence of those amino acids, of a specific protein, is determined by the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein.
		The chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein.
		The essential amino acids are arginine (required for the young, but not for adults), histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
	www.biology.arizona.edu /biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/aa.html (479 words)

	Biochemistry of Amino Acids
		The hydrophobic amino acids tend to repel the aqueous environment and, therefore, reside predominantly in the interior of proteins.
		The hydrophilic amino acids tend to interact with the aqeuous environment, are often involved in the formation of H-bonds and are predominantly found on the exterior surfaces proteins or in the reactive centers of enzymes.
		Conversely, the hydrophilic amino acids are generally found on the exterior of proteins as well as in the active centers of enzymatically active proteins.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/amino-acids.html (985 words)

	Amino acid - Amino acid products on Discount at Amino acid Store!
		The precise amino acid content, and the sequence of those amino acids, of a specific protein, is determined by the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein.
		The chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein.
		Amino Athlete is a balanced blend of 23 amino acids, some of which are involved in the natural maint...
	www.nutrovita.com /store/Amino-Acid.htm (282 words)

	Amino acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amino acids are the basic structural building units of proteins.
		Amino acids are usually classified by the properties of the side chain into four groups.
		Nonstandard amino acids often occur in the metabolic pathways for standard amino acids - for example ornithine and citrulline occur in the urea cycle, part of amino acid breakdown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amino_acid (1878 words)

	Essential amino acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eight amino acids are generally regarded as essential for humans: tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine.
		Foodstuffs that lack essential amino acids are poor sources of protein equivalents, as the body tends to deaminate the amino acids obtained, converting proteins into fats and carbohydrates.
		Therefore, a balance of essential amino acids is necessary for a high degree of net protein utilization, which is the mass ratio of amino acids converted to proteins to amino acids supplied.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Essential_amino_acid (415 words)

	amino acid. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The 20 amino acids commonly found in animals are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
		When the carboxyl carbon atom of one amino acid covalently binds to the amino nitrogen atom of another amino acid with the release of a water molecule, a peptide bond is formed.
		Amino acids are released in the intestinal tract by the digestion of food proteins and are then carried in the bloodstream to the body cells, where they are used for growth, maintenance, and repair.
	www.bartleby.com /65/am/aminoaci.html (295 words)

	amino acid - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about amino acid
		Amino acids are natural organic compounds that make up proteins and can thus be considered the basic molecules of life.
		Each amino acid has a common core structure (consisting of two carbon atoms, two oxygen atoms, a nitrogen atom, and four hydrogen atoms) to which is attached a variable group, known as the R group.
		When two or more amino acids are joined together, they are known as peptides;; proteins are made up of peptide chains folded or twisted in characteristic shapes.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /amino+acid (378 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Amino acid - (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In biochemistry, this shorter and more general term is frequently used to refer to alpha amino acids, that is, those amino acids in which the amino and carboxylate functionalities are attached to the same carbon.
		Some molecules like proline don't contain an amino group and chemically are not amino acids (technically proline is an imino acid), but are also classified as such because of functional similarity to real amino acids in living cells.
		There are 20 amino acide which are directly expressed in the genetic code.
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/am/Amino_acid (351 words)

	Amino Acids
		For all of the amino acids except glycine, the alpha carbon atom is a stereogenic carbon atom (four different groups attached).
		Laboratory syntheses of amino acids are usually related to syntheses of amines and/or carboxylic acids.
		If a third amino acid is connected to the dipeptide by forming a new peptide bond at either the ammonium group or the carboxylate group of the dipeptide, we obtain a tripeptide, and so on.
	chemistry2.csudh.edu /rpendarvis/aminoacids.html (1917 words)

	Chem4Kids.com: Biochemistry: Amino Acids
		Amino acids are used in every cell of your body and are used to build the proteins you need to survive.
		Amino means there is an NH group bonded to the carbon atom.
		Amino acids bond together to make long chains and those long chains of amino acids are also called proteins.
	www.chem4kids.com /files/bio_aminoacid.html (393 words)

	Chemie der Aminosäuren
		Amino acids with nonpolar R groups(also known as side chains) are classified as hydrophobic, whereas, those with polar side chains are classified as hydrophilic.
		Basic amino acids are positively charged as a result of the dissociation of the amino group in their side chains.
		For analysis of amino acid patterns of proteins, the peptide bonds have to be cleaved by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis.
	www.aminonova.de /dokument/aminoacids_e.php (1002 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Food Works"
		An amino acid is a small molecule that acts as the building block of any cell.
		Amino acids are called "amino acids" because they all contain an amino group (NH) and a carboxyl group (COOH), which is acidic.
		That is true of all amino acids -- the little chain at the bottom (the H or the CH in these two amino acids) is the only thing varying from one amino acid to the next.
	home.howstuffworks.com /food3.htm (522 words)

	Brown, R. H. --- Amino Acid Dating
		The survival of amino acids in fossils from the Paleozoic era and the trend for the apparent racemization rate constant to decrease with conventional fossil age assignment raise a serious question concerning the accuracy with which radioisotope age data have been used to represent the real-time history of fossils.
		The instability of the twenty amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins provides a possible means for determining the ages of fossils.
		Small amounts of D-amino acids are found in organisms, but most of the amino acids in organisms are constituents of protein molecules, and all amino acids (except glycine which is symmetric and has no D- and L-configuration) in the protein of living organisms are in the L-configuration (Kvenvolden 1975).
	grisda.org /origins/12008.htm (4885 words)

	Amino acid supplements and amino complex or amino acid complex
		An amino acid deficiency is usually caused by a diet that is low in protein, although the level of certain acids can also drop in the presence of trauma, infection, medication effects, stress, aging, and chemical imbalances within the body.
		An amino acid deficiency is usually caused by a diet that is low in protein, although the level of certain acids can also drop in the presence of trauma, infection, medication effects, stress and aging.
		Amino acids are needed by the body to rebuild and repair tissues and muscles, as well as assist in making enzymes, proteins and antibodies.
	www.naturallydirect.net /amino-acid-supplement.htm (1945 words)

	Proteins / Amino Acids
		Glutamic Acid is a crystalline dibasic nonessential amino acid, widely distributed in proteins, which is thought to be a neurotransmitter, inhibiting neural excitation in the central nervous system; its hydrochloride salt is used as a gastric acidifier.
		Glutamine: The monoamide of Glutamic Acid, an amino acid occurring in proteins; it is an important carrier of urinary ammonia and is broken down in the kidney by the enzyme glutaminase.
		Ornithine: An amino acid obtained from Arginine by the splitting of urea; it is an intermediate in urea biosynthesis.
	pages.prodigy.net /naturedoctor/protein.html (3639 words)

	amino acid - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
		From the RNA, amino acids are produced and are joined with one another with a peptide bond.
		The resulting sequence of amino acids is known as peptide string or polypeptide.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /aminoacid.html (297 words)

	Amino acid definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
		The sequence of amino acids in a protein and, hence, the function of that protein are determined by the genetic code in the DNA.
		Amino acids are molecules that (in technical terms) contain a basic amino (NH2) group, an acidic carboxyl (COOH) group and a side chain attached to an alpha carbon atom.
		The 20 amino acids are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2222 (200 words)

	The Amino Acids
		With the exception of the amino acid proline, which is a secondary amine, the amino acids used to synthesize proteins are primary amines with the following generic formula.
		The chemistry of amino acids is complicated by the fact that the -NH group is a base and the -CO group is an acid.
		Amino acids with polar R groups that form hydrogen bonds to water are classified as hydrophilic (water-loving).
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/1biochem/amino2.html (1642 words)

	Amino Acid Analysis
		Amino acid analysis is a process to determine the quantities of each individual amino acid in a protein.
		The PTC-amino acids are separated on a reverse phase C18 silica column and the PTC chromophore is detected at 254 nm.
		The amount of each amino acid in the sample is calculated by dividing the peak area of each (corrected for the differing molar absorptivities of the various amino acids) by the internal standard (norleucine) in the chromatogram and multiplying this by the total amount of internal standard added to the original sample.
	www.biotech.iastate.edu /facilities/protein/aaa.html (1093 words)

	Amino Acid supplement : : by Ray Sahelian, M.D. essential amino acids supplement 20 amino acids
		Amino acid definition -- An amino acid is any of a group of organic molecules that consists of a basic amino group (-NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain), which is unique to each amino acid.
		An amino acid is any of a group of organic molecules that consists of a basic amino group (-NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain), which is unique to each amino acid.
		A small group of amino acids comprised of isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and tyrosine give rise to both glucose and fatty acid precursors and are thus characterized as being glucogenic and ketogenic.
	www.raysahelian.com /aminoacid.html (2960 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Amino acid
		It is used by many proteins as a regulatory mechanism, changing the conformation and behavior of the polypeptide in acidic regions such as the late endosome or lysosome.
		Aside from the twenty standard amino acids, there is a vast number of nonstandard amino acids not used in the body's regular manufacturing of proteins.
		Examples of nonstandard amino acids include the selenium-containing taurine and the neurotransmitters GABA and dopamine.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Amino_acid (952 words)

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