
	Where results make sense

Topic: Aminoglycoside

Related Topics

Gentamicin

Vancomycin

Streptomycin

Creatinine

Renal

Hypothyroidism

Thyroid

Timeline of antibiotics

Body weight

Antibiotic

In the News (Wed 11 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Aminoglycoside - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are effective against certain types of bacteria.
		Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting the formation of initiation complex and also causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.
		Aminoglycosides are useful primarily in infections involving aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aminoglycoside (399 words)

	Clinical Pharmacology Online - Overview
		Anaerobic bacteria are not susceptible to aminoglycosides due, at least in part, to a lack of an active transport mechanism for aminoglycoside uptake.
		It is believed that certain aminoglycosides, such as neomycin and streptomycin, are more ototoxic than the others, although there has never been a clear association between aminoglycoside serum concentrations and the development of ototoxicity.
		Aminoglycosides are taken up by pinocytosis in cells lining the proximal nephron where the drug is concentrated within lysosomes.
	sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca /cases/drugs/Aminoglycoside/CP_aminoglycosides_mono.htm (621 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 153, Antibacterial Drugs
		Aminoglycosides may be used in combination with a penicillin in staphylococcal, streptococcal, and especially enterococcal endocarditis.
		To avoid toxicity, the maintenance dosages of aminoglycosides in patients with renal insufficiency must be modified by either decreasing the dose or increasing the interval between doses or both.
		Aminoglycosides are inactivated in vitro by antipseudomonal penicillins (eg, ticarcillin).
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section13/chapter153/153c.htm (1665 words)

	Aminoglycoside dosing review
		A disadvantage of the aminoglycosides is their association with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, both of which are associated with elevated trough levels and sustained elevated peak levels.
		Most strains of enterococcus are resistant to aminoglycosides alone, however when used in combination with penicillins they are often effective in enterococcal endocarditis due to synergistic antimicrobial mechanisms.
		Aminoglycosides eliminate bacteria quickest when their concentration is appreciably above the MIC for an organism, this is referred to as concentration dependent activity.
	www.rxkinetics.com /amino.html (2258 words)

	Aminoglycosides Mechanism of Resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Resistance to the other aminoglycosides by this mechanism is uncommon since they bind to multiple sites on both ribosomal subunits and high-level resistance cannot be selected by a single step.
		Low level resistance to all aminoglycosides is due to limited drug uptake by enterococci, and is most likely a result of their facultative anaerobic metabolism.
		The aminoglycosides have been shown to be synergistic with beta-lactam antibiotics and are commonly used in combination with these agents empirically and in the treatment of Pseudomonal infections.
	www.uphs.upenn.edu /bugdrug/antibiotic_manual/aminoglycosideresistance.htm (1095 words)

	Aminoglycoside resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin,...) are compounds that are characterized by the presense of an aminocyclitol ring linked to aminosugars in their structure.
		Occurrence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in environmental isolates of enterococci.
		Molecular genetics of aminoglycoside resistance genes and familial relationships of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.
	www.antibioresistance.be /aminoglycosides.html (798 words)

	Prospective Evaluation of the Effect of an Aminoglycoside Dosing Regimen on Rates of Observed Nephrotoxicity and ...
		The major limitation to the clinical use of aminoglycosides continues to be concern for the development of nephrotoxicity.
		Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is thought to be centered in the proximal renal tubular epithelial (PRTE) cells.
		Peak and trough aminoglycoside concentrations for the evaluable patients are presented in Table 2.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/7/1549 (4898 words)

	Clinical outcome and economic impact of aminoglycoside peak concentrations in febrile immunocompromised patients with ...
		Clinical outcome and economic impact of aminoglycoside peak concentrations in febrile immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies -- Binder et al.
		Clinical outcome and economic impact of aminoglycoside peak concentrations in febrile immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies
		Demographic data, aminoglycoside dosage, and peak and trough concentrations of patients.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/44/2/408 (2877 words)

	Specificity of aminoglycoside binding to RNA constructs derived from the 16S rRNA decoding region and the HIV-RRE ...
		Fluorescence anisotropy methods were developed to quantitatively measure aminoglycoside affinities to constructs of the HIV-1 RRE transcriptional activation region and the prokaryotic rRNA decoding region which is the natural antibacterial target of the aminoglycosides.
		A fluorescent analog of Rev34-50 (Fl-Rev34-50) was prepared and shown by fluorescence anisotropy measurements to bind to the HIV-1 RRE region with a stoichiometry of 1 and a dissociation constant of 7.6 nM.
		Aminoglycosides compete with Fl-Rev34-50 binding and competition experiments with semisynthetic aminoglycosides and neomycin B and tobramycin show binding affinities in the 1-2 microM range.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1997/may/M9751261.html (527 words)

	Aminoglycoside Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- Poole 49 (2): 479 -- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
		Characterization of the aac(6')-Ib gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa BM2656.
		Phosphorylated inactivation of aminoglycosidic antibiotics by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
		Aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the Canary Islands.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/49/2/479 (6229 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: HIGH-LEVEL AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI ISOLATED FROM SWINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aminoglycosides antimicrobials are of interest due to their use in both animals and humans.
		In this study, resistance to aminoglycosides in enterococci from swine samples was examined.
		This data suggests that although enterococci from animals represent a diverse population of aminoglycoside resistance, some resistance genes have not yet spread to animal isolates.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=127986 (274 words)

	Versatility of Aminoglycosides and Prospects for Their Future -- Vakulenko and Mobashery 16 (3): 430 -- Clinical ...
		efflux of antibiotic, and enzymatic modification of aminoglycosides.
		Characterization of the chromosomal aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase gene from Mycobacterium fortuitum.
		Aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase genes are universally present in mycobacteria: characterization of the aac(2')-Ic gene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the aac(2')-Id gene from Mycobacterium smegmatis.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/16/3/430 (7691 words)

	National Synchrotron Light Source
		The predominant mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides, a class of bactericidal antibiotics that are widely used in hospitals, is enzyme-catalyzed chemical modification of the drug.
		Secondly, the APH(3’)-IIIa antibiotic binding pocket is an extended area which has three sub-sites, labeled A, B and C, and different types of aminoglycosides bind to either sub-sites A and B or A and C. Finally, a flexible loop forms one wall of the antibiotic binding pocket, allowing for additional variability in aminoglycoside binding.
		This means that aminoglycosides that bind to the A-site of the ribosome may also bind to APH(3’)-IIIa, which acts as an efficient decoy target for aminoglycosides.
	www.nsls.bnl.gov /newsroom/science/2002/09-Berghuis.htm (665 words)

	aminoglycosides
		Aminoglycosides exhibit a significant post-antibiotic effect (PAE) against aerobic GNB both in vitro and in vivo (12) The PAE refers to the continued suppression of bacterial growth despite the decline of the antimicrobial concentration to zero.
		The bactericidal action of aminoglycosides is concentration dependent, i.e., the higher the peak/MIC ratio the higher the kill rate (13).
		Aminoglycoside uptake into renal tubule cells and the inner ear appears to be saturated at relatively low serum levels, suggesting that higher peaks do not necessarily result in a greater risk of toxicity.
	www.boomer.org /pkin/consensus/Odacd.html (2257 words)

	Ohio Gentamicin Toxicity Legal Help: Aminoglycoside Damage Cleveland OH Law Case Studies
		Lancione and Lancione, PLL is a Cleveland, Ohio law firm that concentrates on representing plaintiffs in complex medical malpractice cases such as Gentamicin poisoning. Our attorneys have extensive knowledge of the legal and medical aspects of Gentamicin poisoning litigation and offer a free initial consultation to discuss your case.
		The aminoglycosides are potent bacteriocidal compounds usually reserved for the treatment of severe infections with gram-negative pathogens or with staphylococci.
		The warning states that patients treated with intravenous aminoglycosides should be under close clinical observation because of the potential ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with their use.
	www.gentamicin.net /PracticeAreas/Gentamicin.asp (1011 words)

	Cloning, Overexpression, and Purification of Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Nucleotidyltransferase (2' ')-Ia: Conformational ...
		Aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase (2' ')-Ia [ANT (2' ')-Ia] was cloned from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and purified from overexpressing Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells.
		The first enzyme-bound conformation of an aminoglycoside antibiotic in the active site of an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase was determined using the purified aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase (2' ')-Ia. The conformation of the aminoglycoside antibiotic isepamicin, a psuedo-trisaccharide, bound to aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase (2' ')-Ia has been determined using NMR spectroscopy.
		It has been suggested that aminoglycosides use both electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds in binding to RNA and that the contacts made by the A and B rings to RNA are the most important for binding [Fourmy, D., Recht, M. I., Blanchard, S. C., and Puglisi, J. Science 274, 1367-1371].
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/2001/40/i24/abs/bi002827b.html (428 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 4, d1-8, January 1, 1999]
		In general, aminoglycoside resistance in these microorganisms is encoded on extrachromosomal elements containing the transposons (28, 29, 31, 32) although chromosomally mediated high-level aminoglycoside resistance has also been reported (28, 33, 34).
		Aminoglycosides have a synergistic interaction with cell wall active agents such as penicillins and vancomycin.
		The synergistic effect was due to the inhibition of the AAC(6') activity of the bifunctional enzyme by aminoglycosides with the a garosamine-like component (86).
	www.bioscience.org /1999/v4/d/culebras/fulltext.htm (6484 words)

	Aminoglycoside Prescribing and Surveillance in Cystic Fibrosis -- Tan et al. 167 (6): 819 -- American Journal of ...
		Aminoglycosides are highly polar cationic molecules which are
		Aminoglycoside penetration, inactivation, and efficacy in cystic fibrosis sputum.
		Minimisation of aminoglycoside toxicity in patients with cystic fibrosis.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/167/6/819 (3546 words)

	Aminoglycoside Antibiotics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aminoglycosides are antibiotics that are often administered into veins or muscle to treat serious bacterial
		Some aminoglycosides are also used orally to treat intestinal infections or topically to treat eye infections.
		There are interactions that are common to antibacterial drugs in general and interactions involving a specific aminoglycoside.
	www.mednd.com /html/Drug/Aminoglycosides.htm (841 words)

	Aminoglycoside-Induced Hearing Loss
		Exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamycin and tobramycin can lead to sensorineural, bilateral, and severe-to-profound hearing loss.
		Evidence has shown that even a single dose of an aminoglycoside antibiotic results in irreversible hearing loss in Individuals with this mutation.
		Approximately 40% of individuals with the A1555G mutation who have not been treated with aminoglycosides will develop hearing loss by 30 years of age, and the penetrance increases to 80% by age 65.
	www.ggc.org /Diagnostics/Molecular/aminoglycoside.htm (348 words)

	Aminoglycoside suppression of nonsense mutations in severe hemophilia -- James et al. 106 (9): 3043 -- Blood
		Aminoglycoside suppression of nonsense mutations in severe hemophilia -- James et al.
		Aminoglycoside suppression at UAG, UAA and UGA codons in Escherichia coli and human tissue culture cells.
		Suppression of a nonsense mutation in mammalian cells in vivo by the aminoglycoside antibiotics G-418 and paromomycin.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/106/9/3043 (4320 words)

	Genetic Factors in Aminoglycoside Toxicity -- FISCHEL-GHODSIAN 884 (1): 99 -- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
		Genetic Factors in Aminoglycoside Toxicity -- FISCHEL-GHODSIAN 884 (1): 99 -- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
		Ototoxicity is the major irreversible toxicity of aminoglycosides,
		to aminoglycoside ototoxicity, the A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial
	www.annalsnyas.org /cgi/content/abstract/884/1/99 (361 words)

	Intratympanic Aminoglycoside and Corticosteroid Treatment for Meniere's Disease
		Intratympanic administration (injection into the middle ear space) of aminoglycosides, such as streptomycin and gentamicin, or corticosteroids is an alternative to surgical labyrinthectomy and vestibular nerve section for the treatment of refractory vertigo associated with Meniere's disease.
		This treatment is being used as a less invasive method to destroy the vestibular system, in much the same way that a surgical labyrinthectomy does but without its risk to the cochlea.
		The available evidence for the treatment of intractable vertigo with intratympanic aminoglycoside and corticosteroids consists largely of uncontrolled retrospective studies.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/medicine/med32.html (896 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It has been suggested that peak aminoglycoside concentrations four to eight times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are necessary to treat infections commonly found in critically ill patients, such as gram-negative sepsis and pneumonia.
		Using once daily aminoglycoside dosing may be a way of attaining high peak concentrations and immeasurable trough concentrations without increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
		An initial nomogram has been developed using mean aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic parameters of 134 dosing segments of 94 adult critically ill patients who received single or multiple courses of aminoglycoside therapy during their admission to the Medical Intensive Care Unit.
	www.cc.nih.gov /ccc/annual_report/rpt992/Z01CL-0070-03.htm (447 words)

	General Strategies of Pyranmycins against Drug Resistant Microorganisms
		On the other hand, the efficacy of chemically modifying aminoglycosides into poor substrates for the purpose of evading the enzyme-inactivation is attenuated by the substrate promiscuity displayed from these aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.
		The face of the aminoglycoside that forms most of the van der Waals interactions with APH(3') is opposite to that, which interacts with the 16S rRNA.
		For the development of general aminoglycoside designs against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria, we propose three distinct but cooperative works: synthesizing optimized templates of pyranmycins with hybrid sugars, N-modification of pyranmycin, and solid phase parallel synthesis for the introduction of amino acids (or oligopeptides) (R group) onto the pyranmycin templates.
	www.chem.usu.edu /~tchang/Research/details_general_strategies.htm (1257 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)