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Topic: Amir Abdur Rahman

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	Casino Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The amir had scarcely suppressed it by winning a desperate battle when Abdur Rahman's reapearance in the north was a signal for a mutiny of the troops stationed in those parts and a gathering of armed bands to his standard.
		In March 1880 a report reached India that Abdur Rahman was in northern Afghanistan; and the governor-general, Lord Lytton, opened communications with him to the effect that the British government were prepared to withdraw their troops, and to recognize Abdur Rahman as amir of Afghanistan, with the exception of Kandahar and some districts adjacent.
		In 1885, at the moment when the amir was in conference with the British viceroy, Lord Dufferin, in India, the news came of a skirmish between Russian and Afghan troops at Panjdeh, over a disputed point in the demarcation of the north-western frontier of Afghanistan.
	www.casinoencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Abdur_Rahman_Khan (1378 words)

	Amir Abdur Rahman Khan
		This brief account of the conspicuous part taken by Abdur Rahman in an eventful war, at the beginning of which he was not more than twenty years old, has been given to show the rough school that brought out his qualities of resource and fortitude, and the political capacity needed for rulership in Afghanistan.
		Abdur Rahman left on those who met him in India the impression of a clear-headed man.of action, with great self-reliance and hardihood, not without indications of the implacable severity that too often marked his administration.
		From the end of 1888 the amir passed eighteen months in his northern provinces bordering upon the Oxus, where he was engaged in pacifying the country that had been disturbed by revolts, and in punishing with a heavy hand all who were known or suspected to have taken any part in rebellion.
	www.afghanan.net /biographies/abdurahmankhan.htm (1389 words)

	AFOR. DOMITIUS - LoveToKnow Article on AFOR. DOMITIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The amir not only received a large annual subsidy of money from the British government, but he also obtained considerable supplies of war material; and he, moreover, availed himself very freely of facilities that were given him for the importation at his own cost of arms through India.
		He was recognized with acclamation by the army, by the religious bodies, by the principal tribal chiefs and by all classes of the people as their lawful sovereign; while a deputation of Indian Mahommedans was despatched to Kabul from India to convey the condolences and congratulations of the viceroy.
		The amir's first measures were designed to enhance his popularity and to improve his internal administration, particularly with regard to the relations of his government with the tribes, and to the system introduced by the late amir of compulsory military service, whereby each tribe was required to supply a proportionate number of recruits.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AF/AFOR_DOMITIUS.htm (799 words)

	Amir Abdur Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Abdur Rahman had been almost twelve years in Russian exile, and wore a Russian uniform when he rode to Kabul.
		The border between Afghanistan and British India to the southeast was also demarcated by the famous Durrand Line, which clarified the respective areas in which the Afghans and the British would be responsible for controlling the Pushtun tribes living on the frontier.
		Abdur Rahman's achievement during his reign were impressive.
	www.afghan-network.net /Rulers/rahman_khan.html (281 words)

	Afghan Treaties
		At the death of Amir Abdur Rahman on October 3, 1901, the British Indian government insisted that the agreements with the Amir were personal and therefore subject to renegotiation with his successor.
		For Amir Habibullah this was A great victory; none of the British objectives was won, the arrears in subsidy were paid, and Britain affirmed that it would not interfere in the internal affairs of Afghanistan.
		Amir Habibullah was on a state visit to India in Jan. 1907 when Britain and Russia negotiated the treaty, but he was not informed of the Convention until Sept. 10, 1907.
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/treaties.html (848 words)

	HINDU - Online Information article about HINDU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The amir, in addition to being chief executive officer, is chief judge and supreme court of appeal.
		The amir's factories at Kabul for arms and ammunition are said to turn out about, 20,000 cartridges and 15 rifles daily, with 2 guns per week; but: the armj thus produced are very heterogeneous, and the different varieties of cartridge used would cause endless complications.
		The original subsidy to the amir from the Indian government was fixed at 12 lakhs of rupees (8o,000) per annum, but in 1893, in connexion with the boundary settlement, it was increased to L120,000.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HIG_HOR/HINDU.html (7556 words)

	AFRANIUS, LUCIUS (POET) - LoveToKnow Article on AFRANIUS, LUCIUS (POET) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the important matter of foreign relations Habibullah showed a determination to adopt the policy of his father, to whom the British government had given an assurance of aid to repel foreign aggression, on the condition that the amir should follow the advice of that government in regard to external affairs.
		This condition was loyally observed by the.new amir, who referred to India all communications of an official kind received from the Russian authorities in the provinces bordering on Afghanistan.
		A further step, calculated to strengthen the relations of amity between the two governments, was taken when it was arranged that the amir should pay a visit to the viceroy, Lord Minto, in India, in January 1907; and this visit took place with great cordiality and success.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AF/AFRANIUS_LUCIUS_POET_.htm (1223 words)

	Abdur Rahman Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		1844 - October 1, 1901), amir of Afghanistan, was the son of Afzul Khan, who was the eldest son of Dost Mahommed Khan, who had established the Barakzai's family dynasty in Afghanistan.
		Before his death at Herat, on June 9 1863, Dost Mahomed had nominated as his successor Shere Ali, his third son, passing over the two elder brothers, Afzul Khan and Azim Khan.
		Abdur Rahman lived in exile for eleven years, until the 1879 death of Shere Ali, who had retired from Kabul when the British armies entered Afghanistan.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/abdur_rahman_khan (1425 words)

	Abd Al-Rahman, a.k.a. Abdur Rahman Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Also known as Abdur Rahman Khan, Abd Al-Rahman was the amir (king) of Afghanistan under whom the country's current borders were established.
		Abdur fought alongside his father in the five year conflict, distinguishing himself on the battlefield.
		After they seized the throne in 1866, Abdur ruled as a governor until a counter-revolt in 1869 by Shere Ali forced Abdur and his uncle (his father had died the year before) to flee to Persia.
	outcyclopedia.0catch.com /abdalrahman.html (341 words)

	Amir Abdur Rahman Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Amir Dost Mohammad carefully selected his third son, Sher Ali, to succeed him, and earnestly enjoined his other sons to serve him faithfully, but, as in the past, only a few acquiesced, with reluctance, and the others openly challenged him.
		The Amir defeated his tribal opponents on the battlefield and then, in order to insure their fealty, resettled many of the leaders in areas far from their homelands thereby cleverly exploiting age-old traditional tribal rivalries.
		The Amir's bungalow became his mausoleum and was sub sequently topped with a dome and minarets to make it an impres sive structure in keeping with this dynamic personality who domi nated the period from which modern Afghanistan emerges.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/sites/abdurrahman.htm (1453 words)

	Afghanistan - ABDUR RAHMAN KHAN, "THE IRON AMIR," 1880-1901 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As far as British interests were concerned, Abdur Rahman answered their prayers: a forceful, intelligent leader capable of welding his divided people into a state; and he was willing to accept limitations to his power imposed by British control of his country's foreign affairs and the British buffer state policy.
		Abdur Rahman turned his considerable energies to what evolved into the creation of the modern state of Afghanistan.
		Abdur Rahman kept a close eye on these governors, however, by creating an effective intelligence system.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-15.html (244 words)

	frontline: teacher center: teachers guide: roots of terrorism\| PBS
		Amir Abdur Rahman (ruled 1880-1901), son of an earlier Afghan king, assumed the throne and brought hostilities to an end in 1880.
		An agreement was made between the British government in India and Abdur Rahman that set the boundary between Afghanistan and British India.
		Abdur Rahman was succeeded by his son Habibullah (1901-1919), who was assassinated in 1919.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/afghanistan/timeline.html (1897 words)

	Afghanistan - Politicized Islam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first systematic employment of Islam as an instrument for state-building was introduced by Amir Abdur Rahman (1880-1901) during his drive toward centralization.
		Many economic privileges enjoyed by religious personalities and institutions were restructured within the framework of the state, the propagation of learning, once the sole prerogative of the ulama, was closely supervised, and the Amir became the supreme arbiter of justice.
		His successors continued and expanded Amir Abdur Rahman's policies as they increased the momentum of secularization.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-69.html (1310 words)

	Chapter The Amir's Homily of The Amir's Homily by Rudyard Kipling
		His Royal Highness Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan, G.C.S.I., and trusted ally of Her Imperial Majesty the Queen of England and Empress of India, is a gentleman for whom all right-thinking people should have a profound regard.
		Some say that the Amir’s authority reaches no farther than a rifle bullet can range; but as none are quite certain when their king may be in their midst, and as he alone holds every one of the threads of Government, his respect is increased among men.
		Once that afternoon a woman clamoured for divorce against her husband, who was bald, and the Amir, hearing both sides of the case, bade her pour curds over the bare scalp, and lick them, off, that the hair might grow again, and she be contented.
	www.bibliomania.com /0/5/31/885/17120/1.html (696 words)

	zarif.vd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This document was in English and the person of Abdul Rahman Khan did not understand the English language, therefore leads the suspicious nature of forgery and or false documentation.
		The Line was devised by the British to strengthen the status of Afghanistan as a buffer between the British India and the expanding Russian empire desirous of reaching the warm waters of the Indian Ocean and for that matter the rich colonial lands of the subcontinent of India.
		The primary reason for this is the legacy of the Durand Line which was drawn as part of an agreement signed on 12 November 1893 between the then ruler of Afghanistan, Abdur Rahman Shah, and Sir Mortimer Durand, the foreign secretary of the colonial government of India.
	vzarif.persianblog.com (8470 words)

	About Hazara
		Amir Habibullah Khan ( 1901 - 1919), son of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan
		Most significantly, in 1894, Amir Abdur Rahman issued an edict (a decree) granting rights over the pasture lands in the region to the pashtoon nomad tribe, the kochis, who had helped the Amir to conquer the area.
		The Hazaras first and most significant acts in their autonomy project were to bar entry to the nomads, restore the arable land that they had bought or grabbed, and repeal the edicts of Abdur Rahman and Sardar Mohammed Daoud (president of Afghanistan 1973-78) granting the kochis control of the rangelands.
	www.dahmardah.4t.com /about.html (7161 words)

	REPORT of THE COURT OF INQUIRY - Stoning to death of Ahmadis in Afghanistan and the ‘Ash-Shahab’
		This doctrine seems to be in force in Afghanistan as part of the law of the land and several persons there have paid the supreme penalty for their un-Islamic beliefs.
		The first Ahmadi to experience the rigour of this law was one Abdur Rahman Khan who was executed in the time of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.
		A stern warning should be given to the fellows and they should be told that provocative speeches against a group or an individual, particularly when the individuals concerned are distinguished public servants and are performing important State duties, cannot be tolerated.
	www.thepersecution.org /archive/munir/p17.html (2767 words)

	NCM > Feminist Perspective: September 11th and Afghan Women
		Women were, after marriage, viewed as the husband's family's property to the extent that if her husband died she was forced to marry his brother or next of kin.
		Amir Abdur Rahman "Iron-Amir" abolished this custom, raised the age of marriage, and gave women rights to divorce under specific circumstances.
		Amir Habibullah continued this progressive agenda by putting a ceiling on the extravagant expenses during marriages, which rendered many households into poverty.
	news.ncmonline.com /news/view_article.html?article_id=263&section_id=2 (806 words)

	Afghanistan - behind the headlines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With the peace treaty, the British chose to support the Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman, who subjected all the tribes and peoples in Afghanistan to his rule.
		To emphasise his religious legitimacy, the Amir appointed himself ÒAmir al Mu'mininÓ - leader of the faithful.
		The "Iron Amir" - Abdur Rahman, the king who united Afghanistan and was nicknamed the ÒIron AmirÓ because of his harshness
	www.moesmus.dk /afghanistan/ie020205.html (104 words)

	415 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It can safely be stated that before Amir Abdur Rahman ascended the throne, there was hardly any administration in Afghanistan, though, even then, there were councils called Ulu and Malik.
		Above the Sardars there were Amirs, but the Sardars showed little respect for their authority.
		The Amir is now accorded the status of an Emperor and receives a salute of thirty-one guns.
	www.mkgandhi.org /cwm/vol6/ch415.htm (525 words)

	The Hindu : India and Afghan railroads
		Amir Abdur Rahman who ruled Afghanistan in the last decade of the 19th century had decreed that any Afghan who travelled by rail would be punished by death.
		The rejection of railways was a conscious national policy that was set in stone by Abdur Rahman.
		Abdur Rahman and successors preserved the national sovereignty by denying rail access to Afghanistan.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2003/02/20/stories/2003022003741200.htm (786 words)

	Afghanistan: Kabul, Bagh-e Babur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Later on, the garden decayed and was extensively re-built in the late 19th by Amir Abdur Rahman (r.
		Amir Abdur Rahman built the pavilion and a rectangular pool above the octagon, which was already in ruins at that time.
		He graded the terraces and changed their lay-out, as visible on photographs from his time, closed most of the open water flow, the basins and fountains, and built a new, larger fountain on Terrace H. King Nadir Shah turned down most of these buildings and again remodelled the garden extensively.
	www.dainst.org /index_2888_en.html (862 words)

	History of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The second Anglo-Afghan war (1878-80) was sparked by Amir Sher Ali's refusal to accept a British mission in Kabul.
		This conflict brought Amir Abdur Rahman to the Afghan throne.
		Habibullah, Abdur Rahman's son and successor, was assassinated in 1919, possibly by family members opposed to British influence.
	infotut.com /geography/Afghanistan (2874 words)

	Border treaty with Afghanistan remains valid -DAWN - National; 09 June, 2004
		This issue apparently cropped up at a recent tribal Jirga in South Waziristan agency where the government had launched a political-cum-military offensive to weed out from the tribal territory wanted foreign criminal elements who had unlawfully taken refuge in the tribal areas evading legal registration or surrender to the authorities concerned.
		Article 5 of the treaty states that "The Afghan government accepts the Indo-Afghan frontier accepted by the late Amir Abdur Rahman" and the Article 5 concerning the friendly and commercial relations between the Great Britain and Afghanistan, at Kabul on Nov 22nd 1921.
		Article 2 of the treaty states: "The two High Contracting parties accept the Indo-Afghan frontier as accepted by Afghan government under article V of the Treaty concluded at Rawalpindi on 8th August 1919".
	www.dawn.com /2004/06/09/nat17.htm (478 words)

	Pakistan Link - Letter & Opinion
		The Durand Line was accepted as the frontier of Afghanistan and British India by Amir Abdur Rahman of Afghanistan, in accordance with an agreement signed by him and Sir Mortimer Durand on November 12, 1893.
		The British consequently raised Amir Abdur Rahman’s subsidy from Rupees twelve lacs annually to eighteen lacs.
		According to Azmat Hayat, the Director of the Asia Study Centre for Central Asia the &#x201C;Amir had shown an opposition to it as he asserted that the Mohmand country actually belonged to Afghanistan and any division would cause ignominy to the Afghans and would result in a heaviness of heart.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Letters/2003/Aug03/29/04.html (1287 words)

	Lemar-Aftaab \| www.afghanmagazine.com \| January - December 2001 \| Vol 2 \| Issues 2 & 3 \| Featured Article \| Feminist ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Upon his death in 1901, Amir Habibullah Khan began his reign, which lasted until 1919.
		He abandoned the veil for his wives who were publicly seen in western clothes.
		Upon Amir Habibullah's assassination in 1919, his son King Amanullah and Queen Soraya ascended the throne marking the full-fledged modernization period of Afghanistan.
	www.afghanmagazine.com /2001/articles/afghanwomen.html (2740 words)

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