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Topic: Ammonium

Related Topics

ammonium chloride

ammonium nitrate

ammonium perchlorate

ammonium hydroxide

ammonium sulfate

ammonium bicarbonate

ammonium salts

ammonium carbonate

ammonium chloroplatinate

ammonium phosphatide

ammonium alginate

Ammonium aluminum sulfate

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	Ammonium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This means that the ammonium ion is a conjugate acid of the base ammonia.
		However, formation of ammonium compounds can also occur in the vapor phase; for example, when ammonia vapor comes in contact with hydrogen chloride vapor, a white cloud of ammonium chloride forms, which eventually settles out as a solid in a thin white layer on surfaces.
		Ammonium is an cation which forms numerous salts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ammonium (425 words)

	Ammonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ammonia and ammonium salts are also found in small quantities in rainwater, while ammonium chloride (sal-ammoniac) and ammonium sulfate are found in volcanic districts; crystals of ammonium bicarbonate have been found in Patagonian guano.
		Ammonium salts of carboxylic acids can be dehydrated to amides so long as there are no thermally sensitive groups present: temperatures of 150–200 °C are required.
		Ammonia and ammonium salts can be readily detected, in very minute traces, by the addition of Nessler's solution, which gives a distinct yellow coloration in the presence of the least trace of ammonia or ammonium salts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ammonia (2932 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ammonium nitrate
		Ammonium nitrate primarily is used as a fertiliser; it also is used with additives as a blasting agent and as an explosive.
		Although ammonium nitrate generally is used safely and normally is stable and unlikely to explode accidentally, accidental explosions of ammonium nitrate have resulted in loss of lives and destruction of property.
		Ammonium nitrate, in solid or molten form or in solution, is a stable compound and generally is difficult to explode.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ammonium-nitrate (789 words)

	Agrium - Ammonium Nitrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ammonium nitrate (NH) is sold in granular and prilled forms, and as nitrate liquor for use in the manufacture of other fertilizers.
		Ammonium nitrate is made by first making nitric acid* and then neutralizing the nitric acid with anhydrous ammonia, creating ammonium nitrate liquor.
		Granular ammonium nitrate is formed with the ammonium nitrate liquor is evaporated and the material is formed into dense granules.
	www.agrium.com /products_services/ingredients_for_growth/nitrogen/ammonium_nitrate.cfm (353 words)

	ammonium lactate topical - [Medication]
		Ammonium lactate is used for the treatment of dry, scaly skin and for the temporary relief of itching associated with these conditions.
		Ammonium lactate is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether ammonium lactate will harm an unborn baby.
		Ammonium lactate is available with a prescription generically and under the brand name Lac-Hydrin in 12% cream and lotion formulations.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/multum/d04049a1.htm (1069 words)

	Ammonium Perchlorate - Oxidizer
		In 1948 Aerojet replaced Potassium Perchlorate with Ammonium Perchlorate in a move to reduce smoke and increase impulse (thrust per unit propellant burned per second) in the rocket engines.
		Ammonium Perchlorate is a salt that has a molar mass of 117.4889 g/mol.
		Ammonium Perchlorate has a density of 1.95 g/mol, and is very soluble in water, as well as many other solvents.
	web1.caryacademy.org /chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/CompoundWebSites/2000/AmmoniumPerchlorate/oxidizer.html (270 words)

	EXTOXNET PIP - AMMONIUM SULFAMATE
		Ammonium sulfamate was a General Use Pesticide (GUP) that was discontinued by Du Pont in 1988.
		Ammonium sulfamate is applied in water solution or oil-water emulsion as a leaf, or foliar spray for control of woody plants, or it is applied as crystals or concentrated solution to cuts in the bark or on freshly cut stumps of trees to prevent re-sprouting.
		Acute toxicity: Ammonium sulfamate is slightly toxic, with an oral LD50 of 3900 mg/kg in rats and 3100 mg/kg in mice [1,58].
	extoxnet.orst.edu /pips/ammosulf.htm (906 words)

	Quaternary ammonium (PIM G022)
		Quaternary ammonium compounds or cationic detergents are synthetic derivatives of ammonium chloride (Arena et al., 1964).
		Quaternary ammonium compounds are used in a variety of topical preparations in the treatment of minor infections of the eye, mouth and throat and as preservative in preparations for external use.
		Quaternary ammonium compounds are commonly used in inhalers and nasal sprays as a wetting agent and as a preservative (Kuboyama et al., 1997; Beasley et al., 1998).
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/chemical/pimg022.htm (3184 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Ammonium nitrate 'easy to find'
		Fertilisers containing ammonium nitrate are widely used in agriculture and are considered "essential" to farmers.
		Ammonium nitrate is used, for the same result, by the British Army as well as armies all over the world.
		The main reason people want to get hold of ammonium nitrate is for use in agriculture and to that end, says Mr Whitty, an "effective system" is in place for suppliers to inform the authorities of any irrregular and sudden inquiries about buying large amounts.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/3582921.stm (513 words)

	Maryland's Rivers and Streams\Status and Trends - Ammonium (NH4)
		Ammonium hydroxide concentrations between 0.5 to 0.65 ppm have caused 50% mortality of trout within 5.5 hours and dissolved ammonium in surface water at concentrations above 0.2 mg/L may be toxic.
		Median ammonium concentration ranged from 0.012 mg/L at the mouth of the Savage River and on Town Creek to 0.169 mg/L on the North Branch Potomac River at Kitzmiller.
		Ammonium data for sampled locations are summarized in these plots.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /streams/status_trend/nh4.html (337 words)

	Aqua Botanic - Plants and biological filtration
		Also, the investigator showed that plants grew rapidly during the study confirming that the ammonium uptake was not an experimental artifact, but that it probably accompanied the increased plant biomass and need for nitrogen.
		Ammonium actually inhibits nitrate uptake and assimilation in a variety of organisms such as plants, algae, and fungi [4].
		If aquatic plants preferred to get ammonium by root uptake from the substrate rather than leaf uptake from the water, their ability to remove toxic ammonia from the water and protect our aquarium fish would be questionable.
	www.aquabotanic.com /plants_and_biological_filtration.htm (1914 words)

	Glossary : Quaternary Ammonium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Quaternary ammonium compounds are strong bases, and their salts (formed by reaction with acids) provide the exchange sites on certain anion exchange resins.
		Quaternary ammonium salts in which the "active" ingredient is sufficiently high in activity and concentration can be used in water treatment as microbiocides (microbe killers) and surfactants.
		Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds adsorb the cell membranes of the microbes and react chemically with the negative charges carried by the cell walls to inactivate and kill the microorganism.
	www.wqa.org /glossary.cfm?gl=1354 (126 words)

	AMMONIUM NITRATE CASRN
		DAM 390 is relatively toxic, and ammonium nitrate and (NH4)2SO4 are toxic.
		Ammonium nitrate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a adjuvant/intensifier for herbicides in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.
		With ammonium chloride, (barium nitrate), water, zinc: Addition of water to an intimate mixture of zinc powder and the metal salts causes spontaneous ignition and a mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride...sprinkled with zinc dust ignites vigorously when moistened.
	www.frankmckinnon.com /ammonium_nitrate_casrn.htm (8166 words)

	Megalomania's Method of Making Ammonium Nitrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ammonium nitrate is very hygroscopic, or water absorbing, so it completely dissolves in water, but the new stuff is only partially soluble in water.
		The ammonium nitrate is formed by a simple double displacement reaction when the ammonium ion, NH +, replaces the H+ ion from the nitric acid and bonds to the remaining nitrate ion, NO, then the H+ ion forms water from the hydroxide ion, OH-, left by the ammonium ion.
		Slowly add ammonium hydroxide from a beaker to the Erlenmeyer flask while stirring by swirling the flask occasionally until the mixture is alkaline to litmus paper.
	roguesci.org /megalomania/explo/ammonium_nitrate.html (616 words)

	Is There a Future for Ammonium Nitrate?
		Ammonium nitrate has been used for this purpose for many years, and it is commonly used as an explosive in the construction industry."
		The transportation of ammonium nitrate is being affected.
		The primary benefit of ammonium nitrate is that it is an ideal source for topdressing pastures in mid-summer.
	www.noble.org /press_release/Ag/AmmoniumNitrate (589 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Ammonium hydroxide
		This poisoning is from an exposure to ammonium hydroxide.
		Ammonium hydroxide can be found in many industrial solvents and cleaners -- hundreds to thousands of construction agents, flooring strippers, brick cleaners, cements, and many others.
		The symptoms and treatment for ammonia exposure are similar to those for ammonium hydroxide, and often the exposure is both ammonium hydroxide and ammonia released from the chemical as gas.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002491.htm (594 words)

	UK P&I Club - China - Suspended Import of Ammonium Nitrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ammonium nitrate is the main raw material for the production of explosives as well as an agricultural fertilizer, and can be privately made into an explosive.
		Ammonium nitrate is the main raw material for the production of civil explosives as well as a agricultural fertilizer, and is very likely to be privately made into dynamite, which would seriously undermine public safety.
		In case of purchase or sales of ammonium nitrate and potash chlorate without a permit or contract, or sales of the same to individuals, the ammonium nitrate and potash chlorate in question shall be confiscated by the public security organs in accordance with the relevant provisions of Regulations on the Management of Civil Explosives.
	www.epandi.com /ukpandi/infopool.nsf/HTML/LPBulletin271 (1085 words)

	Ammonium Nitrate
		Therefore, producers of ammonium nitrate around the world who have access to natural gas supply have lower manufacturing costs, since natural gas is the principal raw material for ammonium nitrate and normally constitutes about 70% of the total variable cost of manufacture.
		DFPCL against import of ammonium nitrate for seeking a bon on import under Fertilizer Control Order 1995 issued under the provisions of Essential Commodities Act 1995, was devoid of merit and therefore allowed the petitioner to withdraw the petition with liberty to file proper petition.
		Ammonium Nitrate is used in water jel/slurry explosives, emulsion explosives which have the following applications like open cast mining, under ground metallifierrous mining construction industries, project etc, where as low density Ammonium Nitrate is preferred over granules/crystals for making Ammonium Nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) which is used as blasting agents as well as emulsified (ANFO).
	commerce.nic.in /adpre_ammonium_nitrate.htm (15672 words)

	PSAN-I(TM) Ammonium Nitrate & Propellants
		PSAN-I™ Ammonium Nitrate was developed by Dr. Adolf Oberth as a "clean burning" alternative to ammonium perchlorate oxidizers commonly used in solid propellant motors.
		Unstabilized ammonium nitrate continues to grow bigger with each temperature cycle between room temperature and freezing and between room temperature and 120 degrees F. The middle cylinder in the picture below shows what happens to a composite propellant with unstabilized ammonium nitrate..
		Current research indicates we are on the threshold of ammonium nitrate propellants with burn rates comparable to ammonium perchlorate with delivered specific impulses higher than ammonium perchlorate propellants.
	www.space-rockets.com /psan-i.html (508 words)

	Ammonium Nitrate Storage Facilities Regulations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), bagged ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate mixed fertilizer may be piled less than 12 inches from a wall or partition if the total approved capacity of the storage facility does not exceed 200 tons and none of the bags is in contact with the wall or partition.
		(6) Ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate mixed fertilizers in bags or bulk shall not be stored in contact with hot pipes, conduits, ducts, light bulbs or any other object with a surface temperature exceeding 100°F and should be stored at least 30 inches from such objects.
		Ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate mixed fertilizers containing residual process heat and having a temperature exceeding 130°F shall not be accepted for storage in a storage facility subject to these Regulations.
	laws.justice.gc.ca /en/C-10.4/C.R.C.-c.1145/text.html (3592 words)

	AllRefer.com - ammonium group (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		ammonium group, in chemistry, a positively charged nitrogen atom joined by single bonds to four other atoms or groups.
		The simplest ammonium group, NH, is formed by protonation of ammonia, NH, e.g., by its reaction with hydrogen chloride, HCl, to form ammonium chloride, NH Cl, an ammonium compound.
		Organic ammonium compounds are formed by the reaction of an alkyl halide with an amine (see amino group), for example, ethyl chloride, C
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/ammongrp.html (203 words)

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