Ammonium dichromate

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Topic: Ammonium dichromate

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	Chemistry Film Studio
		As the wick burns down into the ammonium dichromate, the compound begins to spark and decompose leaving behind a cone of green chromium (III) oxide that has a considerably larger volume than the original compound.
		Working in a fume cupboard, place a conical pile of about 10g of ammonium dichromate on a heat-proof mat standing on a tray to collect the chromium oxide that shoots into the air.
		The reaction may also be started by pointing a roaring Bunsen flame at the top of the pile of ammonium dichromate.
	neon.chem.ox.ac.uk /vrchemistry/FilmStudio/volcano/HTML/page01.htm (170 words)

	Volcano Demonstration
		Place the ammonium dichromate in the fire resistant cup at the top of the volcano, and light it.
		The ammonium dichromate will burn fiercely while producing large volumes of a grayish green ash.
		IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTE: Ammonium Dichromate contains hexavalent chromium, which has been shown to cause cancer in humans and animals.
	www.west.net /~science/volcano.htm (288 words)

	PowerLabs Vesuvian Volcano demo
		The Ammonium Dichromate decomposition becomes self sustaining at 225C, and the product combusts quietly with the evolution of some sparks and Cromium Trioxide (Cr), a greenish powder which is lifted up in part by the rising hot Nitrogen gas.
		The Ammonium Dichromate self decomposition demonstration, commonly called the "Vesuvian volcano", is a classic High School chemistry example of how chemicals can undergo spectacular expansion during decomposition.
		Within a short time the entire Dichromate sample has decomposed and a volume of Cr many times larger than the original sample volume is left behind.
	www.powerlabs.org /chemlabs/volcano.htm (305 words)

	The alternative photographic process FAQ
		Pottasium dichromate and ammonium dichromate are moderately irritating to skin and highly irritating by inhalation.
		Ammonium dichromate is flammable and unstable in the presence of many other substances.
		Potassium dichromate and potassium bromide are moderately irritating to skin and highly irritating by inhalation.
	duke.usask.ca /~holtsg/photo/faq.html (6419 words)

	Science in Pictures: The Oxidation of Ammonium Dichromate
		Soon the dichromate ions will oxidize the ammonium within the orange powder, and the chromium atoms will be reduced to ions of a lower oxidation state:
		There is no orange dichromate left over; all that remains is Cr Although it weighs less than the starting material (because, after all, we have “lost” the mass of the escaping gases), it seems more voluminous than the starting material, creating the illusion that our mountain has grown like a true volcano.
		the dichromate ion, is rich in oxygen, so the bonded metal is said to be in an unstable and high oxidation state.
	www.emsb.qc.ca /laurenhill/science/oxidation.html (561 words)

	Chemical Oxygen Demand
		To do so, the excess potassium dichromate is titrated with ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) until all of the excess oxidizing agent has been reduced to Cr Typically, the oxidation-reduction indicator Ferroin is added during this titration step as well.
		Most commonly, a 0.25 N solution of potassium dichromate is used for COD determination, although for samples with COD below 50 mg/L, a lower concentration of potassium dichromate is preferred.
		Potassium dichromate is a strong oxidizing agent under acidic conditions.
	www.wikiverse.org /chemical-oxygen-demand (1034 words)

	Ammonium Dichromate Volcano
		When a wick soaked in alcohol is placed into the ammonium dichromate and ignited with a match the higher temperature causes the ammonium dichromate to start reacting.
		The orange ammonium dichromate decomposes to form nitrogen, water vapor, and fluffy greenish-black chromium(III) oxide.
		An alcohol-soaked fuse is placed upon a small mound of ammonium dichromate and ignited.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA3/MAIN/VOLCANO/PAGE1.HTM (233 words)

	Ammonia Dichromate Volcano
		The chemical Ammonium Dichromate is a known carcinogen and a >suspected mutagen.
		Furthermore, there is a dangerous fire risk as well >and the chromium compounds produced from the burning are also know >carcinogens.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/env99/env094.htm (169 words)

	Demonstrations - Ammonium Dichromate Volcano
		In the following demonstrations, a pile of ammonium dichromate is ignited with a Bunsen burner, producing the "volcano" effect.
		The chromium(III) oxide crystals that are produced are "fluffier" than the original ammonium dichromate crystals, and even though a lot of the mass of the starting materials escapes as vapor, the product looks like a larger amount of material.
		While the ammonium dichromate decomposes, it gives off orange sparks and throws the green chromium(III) oxide crystals into the air, producing an effect that looks like a miniature volcanic eruption.
	www.angelo.edu /faculty/kboudrea/demos/volcano/volcano.htm (264 words)

	Ammonium Dichromate Volcano
		When a wick soaked in alcohol is placed into the ammonium dichromate and ignited with a match the higher temperature causes the ammonium dichromate to start reacting.
		An alcohol-soaked fuse is placed upon a small mound of ammonium dichromate and ignited.
		The orange ammonium dichromate decomposes to form nitrogen, water vapor, and fluffy greenish-black chromium(III) oxide.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA3/MAIN/VOLCANO/PAGE1.HTM (233 words)

	Dichromate Decomposition
		As the name and the way the formula is written both suggest, there is an "ammonium" part and a "dichromate" part.
		Thus, to conserve charge, the "dichromate" ion must be an anion with a net charge of –2e: Cr Now that we have this figured out, we can deduce that chromium really is "chromium(VI)" as claimed above.
		If you search the web for the phrase "dichromate volcano," you will find many references to this classic demonstration of reaction stoichiometry.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~genchem/0304/winter/5w04/lecture/dichromate.html (474 words)

	9001_UK_chromates.doc
		Oral In male rats oral LD50 values of 74 mg/kg for potassium dichromate, 59 mg/kg for sodium dichromate, 55 mg/kg for ammonium dichromate and 87 mg/kg for sodium chromate have been reported.
		Parenteral administration of sodium or potassium dichromate or potassium chromate to rats or mice resulted in significant increases in chromosome aberrations and micronucleated cells in the bone marrow and DNA single-strand breaks, interstrand cross-links and DNA-protein cross-links in the liver, kidneys and lungs.
		In another study, oral administration of potassium dichromate to female mice in their drinking water for 20 days prior to mating had adverse effects on fertility (reduced number of corpora lutea and increased pre-implantation loss) at 119 mg/kg/day and above.
	ecb.jrc.it /classlab/9001_UK_chromates.doc (3549 words)

	UNPh10.html
		(i) Place a crystal of potassium dichromate, potassium dichromate(VI), or ammonium dichromate at the bottom of a beaker of water.
		Note in which beaker the rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate in water is faster.
		Put potassium dichromate crystals in the glass tube then gently tap it so that all the potassium dichromate falls to the bottom.
	www.uq.edu.au /_School_Science_Lessons/UNPh10.html (1951 words)

	Potassium Dichromate CAS 7778-50-9 Suppliers & Manufacturers, Price (China)
		The main products include sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, industrial amhydride chromate, ammonium ichromate,chrome subsulphate, chrom More...
		Some of our products--magnesium sulfate anhydrous, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sucrose, potassium dichromate, More...
		Potassium Dichromate CAS 7778-50-9 Suppliers and Manufacturers, Price (China)
	www.chemicalregister.com /China/Potassium_Dichromate/Suppliers/pid11562.htm (164 words)

	getTechTip
		However, Ceric salts, such as Ceric Ammonium Sulfate and Ceric Ammonium Nitrate, are relatively expensive and do not dissolve readily in water or dilute acid solutions due to hydrolysis and precipitation of Ceric Hydroxide.
		Ceric Sulfate is a powerful and versatile oxidizing agent that possesses certain advantages over Potassium Dichromate and Potassium Permanganate.
		Ceric solutions can also be heated in aqueous solution for a moderate length of time without decomposition and this feature allows them to be used in the determination of many organic compounds.
	www.riccachemical.com /getTechTip.aspx?id=6 (164 words)

	Health & Safety in the Arts: Photography Techniques
		Potassium dichromate and chlorochromate probable carcinogen; uranium intensifiers radioactive; potassium permanganate, ammonium persulfate may cause fires
		Potassium dichromate and chlorochromate irritating; hydrochloric acid corrosive; mercury moderately toxic; sodium/potassium cyanide moderately toxic
		Potassium ferricyanide releases hydrogen cyanide gas; potassium dichromate possible carcinogen; carbon arcs release uv radiation
	www.ci.tucson.az.us /arthazards/photo1.html (1014 words)

	Star Formulations
		Magnesium must be protected by coating with potassium dichromate if used with ammonium perchlorate.
		Addition of potassium dichromate to the composition will not ensure cessation of the reaction.
		Magnesium and ammonium perchlorate can react exothermically, causing spontaneous combustion.
	www.thegreenman.me.uk /pfp/stars.html (1014 words)

	A collection of pyrotechnic compositions
		By adding 5% potassium dichromate and 1% boric acid the reactions were prevented.
		Comments: A standard black powder priming cannot be used with stars that contain ammonium perchlorate, since a double decomposition reaction forms the highly hygroscopic ammonium nitrate.
		Sometimes compostions must be stabilised: Magnesium or magnalium must always be treated with potassium dichromate.
	www.wfvisser.dds.nl /compoDB.html (7280 words)

	cheminfo_EN.html
		Ammonium nitrate should never be mixed with chlorates as this may result in ammonium chlorate formation, possibly leading to spontaneous ignition.
		Description: Potassium dichromate is a bright orange crystalline subststance that is used to treat magnesium powder.
		Hazards: Potassium dichromate is toxic and a carcinogen.
	www.wfvisser.dds.nl /EN/cheminfo_EN.html (8806 words)

	Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR 74.2101 - FD&C Blue No. 1
		The color additive FDandC Blue No. 1 is principally the disodium salt of ethyl[4-[p-[ethyl(m-sulfobenzyl)amino]--(o- sulfophenyl)benzylidene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene](m- sulfobenzyl)ammonium hydroxide inner salt with smaller amounts of the isomeric disodium salts of ethyl[4-[p-[ethyl(p-sulfobenzyl)amino]- -(o-sulfophenyl)benzylidene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene](p- sulfobenzyl)ammonium hydroxide inner salt and ethyl[4-[p-[ethyl(o- sulfobenzyl)amino]--(o-sulfophenyl)benzylidene]-2,5- cyclohexadien-1-ylidene](o-sulfobenzyl)ammonium hydroxide inner salt.
		The leuco base is then oxidized with lead dioxide and acid, or with dichromate and acid, or with manganese dioxide and acid to form the dye.
		Additionally, FDandC Blue No. 1 is manufactured by the acid catalyzed condensation of one mole of sodium 2-formylbenzenesulfonate with two moles from a mixture consisting principally of 3- [(ethylphenylamino)methyl] benzenesulfonic acid, and smaller amounts of 4-[(ethylphenylamino)methyl] benzenesulfonic acid and 2- [(ethylphenylamino)methyl] benzenesulfonic acid to form the leuco base.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~lrd/cf742101.html (8806 words)

	Comparative effects of curcumin and an analog of curcumin on alcohol and PUFA induced oxidative stress.
		For hydroperoxides 0.1 ml of tissue homogenate was treated with 0.9 ml of Fox reagent (88 mg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 7.6 mg xylenol orange and 9.8 mg ammonium ion sulphate were added to 90 ml of methanol and 10 ml 250 mM sulphuric acid) and incubated at 37°C for 30 min.
		The reaction was stopped by the addition of 2.0 ml of dichromate-acetic acid reagent (5% potassium dichromate and glacial acetic acid were mixed in 1:3 ratio).
		All other chemicals and reagents used in the present study were of analytical grade and were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company, Saint Louis, USA and Hi media laboratories, Mumbai, India.
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS7(2)/V.Menon/curcumin.htm (4658 words)

	CHEMICAL TESTS at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic for KS3-KS4-GCSE-GCE-AS-A2 btctwpb wpbchemhelp
		(i) sulphite salt + hydrochloric acid ==> chloride salt + sulphur dioxide, (ii) the sulphur dioxide reduces the dichromate(VI) to chromium(III).
		Ammonium ion NH no smell at first, add COLD sodium hydroxide solution to the suspected ammonium salt and test any gas with red litmus
		The metal salt or other compound is mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid and a sample of the mixture is heated strongly in a bunsen flame on the end of a cleaned nichrome wire (platinum if you can afford it!)
	www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk /page13/ChemicalTests/ChemicalTests.htm (4658 words)

	AUFBAU1 [METALS: CHROMIUM]
		The pure oxide can be obtained by the thermal decomposition of several chromium salts; e.g., as can be vividly demonstrated in the 'volcano' experiment, ammonium dichromate(VI) thermally decomposes as follows:
		This transition metal, which has a high melting point (1857°C) and a high density (8.89 g cm-³), forms compounds in several oxidation states [e.g., (red) chromium(II) ethanoate, (green) chromium(III) sulfate, (brown-black) chromium(IV) oxide, and (orange) potassium dichromate(VI)].
		Chromium(III) oxide, an amphoteric substance, is used as a green pigment in paints and as a catalyst for the polymerization of alkenes.
	www.wissensdrang.com /auf1cr.htm (4658 words)

	list4.html
		Fisher - Ammonium Chloride, P.A. Fisher - Ammonium dichromate 7789-09-5
		Fisher - Rhodium(iii) chloride trihydrate 38% rh 20765-98-4
		Fisher - Lanthanum Chloride, Heptahydrate, Reagent (Crystals) (Titr.) 10025-84-0
	hazard.com /msds/mf/sigma/list4.html (4658 words)

	list4.html
		Fisher - Ammonium Chloride, P.A. Fisher - Ammonium dichromate 7789-09-5
		Fisher - Sodium Chloride, Reagent ACS (Crystals), 99+% (Titr.) 7647-14-5
		Fisher - Iron(III) Chloride, anhydrous, reagent (powder), 96% (titr.) 7705-08-0
	hazard.com /msds/mf/sigma/list4.html (4658 words)

	APChapter2Practice.doc
		Write formulas for the following compounds potassium carbonate magnesium hydroxide dinitrogen tetroxide iron (III) chloride iron (II) chloride tin (IV) oxide rubidium nitrate rubidium nitrite vanadium (V) nitrite potassium chlorate potassium perchlorate potassium hypochlorite carbon tetrachloride sodium iodate calcium oxalate potassium permanganate potassium hydrogen phosphate potassium dihydrogen phosphate ammonium acetate ammonium dichromate 1.
		An atom has 25 protons 19 neutrons, what is its symbol?
	www.hazelwood.k12.mo.us /~dfarley/website/apch2/APChapter2Practice.doc (239 words)

	APChapter2Practice.doc
		Write formulas for the following compounds potassium carbonate magnesium hydroxide dinitrogen tetroxide iron (III) chloride iron (II) chloride tin (IV) oxide rubidium nitrate rubidium nitrite vanadium (V) nitrite potassium chlorate potassium perchlorate potassium hypochlorite carbon tetrachloride sodium iodate calcium oxalate potassium permanganate potassium hydrogen phosphate potassium dihydrogen phosphate ammonium acetate ammonium dichromate 1.
		An atom has 25 protons 19 neutrons, what is its symbol?
	www.hazelwood.k12.mo.us /~dfarley/website/apch2/APChapter2Practice.doc (239 words)

	CYANIC ACID AND CYANATES - LoveToKnow Article on CYANIC ACID AND CYANATES
		Substituted ammonias were also made to combine with cyanic acid, and it was found that the substituted ammonium cyanates produced pass much more readily into the corresponding ureas than ammonium cyanate itself.
		Potassium cyanate may be prepared by heating potassium cyanide with an oxidizing agent, or by heating potassium ferrocyanide with manganese dioxide, potassium carbonate or potassium dichromate (J. v.
		Caustic alkalis hydrolyse it readily to the alkaline chloride and cyanate.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CY/CYANIC_ACID_AND_CYANATES.htm (644 words)

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