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Topic: Ammonium nitrate

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	Ammonium nitrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ammonium nitrate is used in military explosives such as the daisy cutter bomb, and as a component of amatol.
		Ammonium nitrate has also found use as a solid rocket propellant, but for a while ammonium perchlorate was frequently considered preferable due to higher performance and faster burn rates.
		Ammonium nitrate is used in the treatment of titanium ores.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ammonium_nitrate (2495 words)

	Nitrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid.
		Nitrates such as potassium nitrate (saltpeter) and ammonium nitrate are important nitrogen carriers in fertilizers; lesser amounts of calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and sodium nitrate are applied.
		Nitrates should not be confused with nitrites, the salts of nitrous acid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nitrate (950 words)

	Toulouse Accident - UNEP APELL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ammonium nitrate primarily is used as a fertiliser; it also is used with additives as a blasting agent and as an explosive.
		Although ammonium nitrate generally is used safely and normally is stable and unlikely to explode accidentally, accidental explosions of ammonium nitrate have resulted in loss of lives and destruction of property.
		Ammonium nitrate, in solid or molten form or in solution, is a stable compound and generally is difficult to explode.
	www.uneptie.org /pc/apell/disasters/toulouse/nh4no3.html (1327 words)

	Ammonium Nitrate: Regulate It
		Ammonium nitrate was first synthesized by Johann Glauber in 1659; he combined ammonium carbonate and nitric acid.
		It seems to me that the cost of monitoring the use of ammonium nitrate is well worth the reduction in the risk of its use in terrorist attacks.
		Ammonium nitrate is one case in which sensible regulation is warranted.
	www.progress.org /archive/fold226.htm (712 words)

	PSAN-I(TM) Ammonium Nitrate & Propellants
		PSAN-I™ Ammonium Nitrate was developed by Dr. Adolf Oberth as a "clean burning" alternative to ammonium perchlorate oxidizers commonly used in solid propellant motors.
		Unstabilized ammonium nitrate continues to grow bigger with each temperature cycle between room temperature and freezing and between room temperature and 120 degrees F. The middle cylinder in the picture below shows what happens to a composite propellant with unstabilized ammonium nitrate..
		Current research indicates we are on the threshold of ammonium nitrate propellants with burn rates comparable to ammonium perchlorate with delivered specific impulses higher than ammonium perchlorate propellants.
	www.space-rockets.com /psan-i.html (508 words)

	EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > breadcrumb? > Technical Factsheet on: NITRATE/NITRITE
		Potassium nitrates are used mainly as fertilizers (85%), with the remainder in heat transfer salts, glass and ceramics, and in matches and fireworks.
		Ammonium nitrates are used as fertilizers (84%) and in explosives and blasting agents (16%).
		Due to its high solubility and weak retention by soil, nitrates are very mobile in soil, moving at approximately the same rate as water, and has a high potential to migrate to ground water.
	www.epa.gov /safewater/dwh/t-ioc/nitrates.html (618 words)

	Megalomania's Method of Making Ammonium Nitrate
		Ammonium nitrate is used as a fertilizer and is supposed to be available from agricultural supply stores or perhaps well stocked garden shops.
		Ammonium nitrate is very hygroscopic, or water absorbing, so it completely dissolves in water, but the new stuff is only partially soluble in water.
		The ammonium nitrate is formed by a simple double displacement reaction when the ammonium ion, NH +, replaces the H+ ion from the nitric acid and bonds to the remaining nitrate ion, NO, then the H+ ion forms water from the hydroxide ion, OH-, left by the ammonium ion.
	www.roguesci.org /megalomania/explo/ammonium_nitrate.html (616 words)

	Ammonium
		Ammonium carbonate is a white, crys- talline powder with a strong odor of.
		Ammonium Bicarbonate is a white powder or crystalline...
		Ammonium hydroxide is a name sometimes given to an aqueous solution of ammonia...
	sodiumacetate.moatsodium.com /ammonium (626 words)

	Ammonium
		nitrate may be sold as a fertilizer, generally in combination with urea.
		Ammonium nitrate has found many uses as a strong oxidiser component of explosives...
		Ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, sometimes known as Mohrs Salt, is a chemical compound commonly used as a fertilizer.
	sodiumbisulfate.moatsodium.com /ammonium (617 words)

	Ammonium nitrate (Gerald L. Hurst; Arno Hahma)
		From: glhurst@onr.com (Gerald L. Hurst) Newsgroups: rec.pyrotechnics Subject: Re: Amonnium Nitrate Date: 16 Jan 1996 09:43:59 GMT In article <4dea69$kge@cloner2.ix.netcom.com>, silent1@ix.netcom.com (The Silent Observer) says: >That's an interesting hypothesis, and one that was not presented at >college-level (College of Mines) courses in explosives as last as 1981.
		However, heating pure ammonium nitrate will lead to several kinds of decomposition and other oxides of nitrogen are formed, although in small amounts.
		Ammonium nitrate requires a strong detonator to be detonated as such.
	www.yarchive.net /explosives/ammonium_nitrate.html (3692 words)

	AMMONIUM NITRATE CASRN
		Ammonium nitrate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a adjuvant/intensifier for herbicides in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.
		Ammonium nitrate of any grade, including fertilizer, when contaminated with oil, charcoal, or other organic materials should be considered an explosive capable of detonation by combustion or by explosion of adjacent explosive materials.
		With ammonium chloride, (barium nitrate), water, zinc: Addition of water to an intimate mixture of zinc powder and the metal salts causes spontaneous ignition and a mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride...sprinkled with zinc dust ignites vigorously when moistened.
	www.frankmckinnon.com /ammonium_nitrate_casrn.htm (8166 words)

	Ammonium Nitrate
		Therefore, producers of ammonium nitrate around the world who have access to natural gas supply have lower manufacturing costs, since natural gas is the principal raw material for ammonium nitrate and normally constitutes about 70% of the total variable cost of manufacture.
		DFPCL against import of ammonium nitrate for seeking a bon on import under Fertilizer Control Order 1995 issued under the provisions of Essential Commodities Act 1995, was devoid of merit and therefore allowed the petitioner to withdraw the petition with liberty to file proper petition.
		Ammonium Nitrate is used in water jel/slurry explosives, emulsion explosives which have the following applications like open cast mining, under ground metallifierrous mining construction industries, project etc, where as low density Ammonium Nitrate is preferred over granules/crystals for making Ammonium Nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) which is used as blasting agents as well as emulsified (ANFO).
	commerce.nic.in /adpre_ammonium_nitrate.htm (15672 words)

	Ammonium nitrate fertilizer becoming 'hot potato' for dealers
		Ammonium nitrate can be used to make bombs such as the one that destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995.
		Feed and fertilizer dealers are responding to the requirements, which go into effect in October, by reducing stocks of ammonium nitrate, and perhaps not carrying it at all, Hoestenback said.
		Without ammonium nitrate, East Texas producers are left with two choices for supplemental nitrogen: urea or ammonium sulfate, said Joe Vendramini, Extension forage specialist.
	southwestfarmpress.com /news/06-05-26-nitrate-hot-potato (613 words)

	Nitrate: Health Risks to Consumers - How Nitrate and Nitrogen Pollution Happens and Dangers of Nitrate and Nitrogen ...
		Nitrate is converted in the gut to nitrite, which then combines with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin, thus decreasing the ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
		Nitrate level is monitored in municipal water supplies world-wide, and in foodstuffs, to prevent exposure of populations to harmful or toxic levels.
		Thus, nitrate testing done with cadmium puts the person running the test at risk of being exposed to a toxic chemical and the waste generated during the test puts the environment at risk of pollution with a toxic chemical.
	www.nitrate.com /nitrate2.htm (1860 words)

	USATODAY.com - Feds probe attempt to buy ammonium nitrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ATF was asking the fertilizer and explosives industries to help locate the man and to report any suspicious inquiries for the fertilizer chemical ammonium nitrate, which is used to make so-called fertilizer bombs.
		McVeigh used a combination of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil with a detonation cord to make his bomb that killed more than 160 people.
		And in Chicago, a disgruntled ex-con was charged with plotting to blow up the federal courthouse in downtown after he was arrested during a sting with a pickup truck containing 1,500 pounds of fertilizer he thought was ammonium nitrate.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2005-01-05-fertilizer-search_x.htm (566 words)

	5.2 Nitrate and Ammonium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ammonium is an important neutralizing species for sulfate and has a significant effect upon hygroscopicity.
		It is usually assumed that particulate ammonium concentrations are controlled by equilibrium with the gas phase.
		High nitrate concentrations were associated with transport pathways from Asia and North America.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/kreide01/node10.html (176 words)

	Q&A - Ammonium Nitrate and Urea- Differences
		Ammonium nitrate is 33 percent nitrogen so the numbers on a bag will be 33-0-0.
		Ammonium nitrate and urea both contain the element nitrogen, but in different forms.
		Since ammonium nitrate has nitrate in it already, plants get nitrogen from it a bit faster than if you apply urea.
	www.walterreeves.com /qa_display.phtml?qaID=102 (397 words)

	Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate, more commonly called ceric ammonium nitrate or in lab jargon "CAN", but also ammonium nitratocerate(IV) and ammonium hexanitratocerate(IV), is an oxidising agent widely used in organic synthesis.
		CAN is also an important component of Chrome etchant, a material that is used in the production of LCDs.
		"Cerium (IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) as a Catalyst in Tap Water: A Simple, Proficient and Green Approach for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines" Green Chemistry (2006) volume 8, pp.91-95.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ammonium_cerium(IV)_nitrate (491 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Latest News - Regulating Ammonium Nitrate
		The House Homeland Security Committee unanimously approved industry-supported legislation on June 14 that would regulate the sale of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, a potentially explosive material that has been used as a bomb component in several terrorist attacks.
		The bill (H.R.) would require sellers of ammonium nitrate to register with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
		Sellers would have the right to refuse a sale and would be required to report any unexplained loss or theft of ammonium nitrate.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/news/84/i25/8425fertilizer.html (512 words)

	AMMONIUM NITRATE
		Large oral doses of nitrates may cause dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness, convulsions, and collapse.
		Use flooding amounts of water in early stages of fire involving ammonium nitrate.
		Aluminum, antimony, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, zinc, brass, oil, charcoal, organic material, acetic acid, ammonium chloride, bismuth, cadmium, chlorides, cobalt, phosphorus, potassium and ammonium sulfate, sodium, sodium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate, sodium-potassium alloy, and sulfure.
	conncoll.edu /offices/envhealth/MSDS/chemistry/A/AMMONIUMNITRATE.htm (890 words)

	Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer
		Ammonium nitrate itself is basically harmless when handled correctly.
		The nitrate ion is the predominant form of plant nutrition.
		The designation includes mixtures of ammonium nitrate with chemically inert materials or limestone and/or dolomite.
	www.efma.org /publications/guidance/section08.asp (1143 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		The object of this process is to provide a method whereby the ammonium nitrate is destroyed and removed from the solution so as to permit subsequent concentration of the solution..
		Preferably, the residual nitrate solution is added to an excess of the acetic anhydride at such a rate that external heat is not required.
		The result of this operation is that the ammonium nitrate and acetic anhydride react to form N/sub 2/O and acetic acid.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4310773 (215 words)

	Ammonium Nitrate - Products for Ammonium Nitrate - Manufacturers,Exporters,Suppliers,Traders,Companies,Factories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Calcium ammonium nitrate is white, granular and easily soluble in
		Ammonium nitrate is used as a mineral fertilizer for agriculture
		The Ammonium Nitrate equipment is capable of producing 200,000 to
	www.alibaba.com /productsearch/Ammonium_Nitrate.html (440 words)

	Ammonium Nitrate Manufacturers,Guanidine Nitrate Manufacturers,Ammonium Nitrate Suppliers,Guanidine Nitrate India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An ISO 9001-2000 certified company, we are a well established manufacturer, exporter and supplier of explosive chemicals including Ammonium Nitrate and Guanidine Nitrate.
		A quality driven enterprise, at Peri Nitrates Private Limited, we manufacture, export and supply highly effective, reliable and safe explosive chemicals like Ammonium Nitrate, Guanidine Nitrate, etc. Our thrust on quality and advance technology has enabled us to emerge as a prominent businessmen on this domain.
		Perian 2000 is manufactured to meet the requirements of a perfect blasting grade Ammonium Nitrate.
	www.indiamart.com /perinitrates (679 words)

	Missing: 25 Tons of Ammonium Nitrate - CBS News
		The ammonium nitrate had been held in an elevated container that trucks pull under for filling.
		The variety stolen is normally used as a blasting agent for commercial explosive use, not as a fertilizer, Wilmoth said.
		FBI agents in Pittsburgh are working with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms as well as state police, Maryland State Police and other law-enforcement agencies to track the chemical down.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/1998/07/31/national/main15215.shtml (440 words)

	KOCO.com - News - Hinrichs Tried To Buy Ammonium Nitrate
		Ellison said the man asked about ammonium nitrate, but couldn't offer a reason why he needed it.
		According to an AP report, Ellison said that Hinrichs acted strangely and was wearing a vest with what appeared to be wires in it when he asked for ammonium nitrate fertilizer.
		Ellison noted that his store doesn't carry ammonium nitrate any longer after recent legislation required new paperwork for stores to sell the product.
	www.koco.com /news/5057494/detail.html (294 words)

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