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ammonium salts inhaled by rats Carbon fl (CB) combined with ammonium nitrate is a model of primary PM and also studied for toxic effects on the lung as measured by analysis of BALF and histopathology. The geometric diameter of UF was 0.04 – 0.12 um and of F was 0.20 – 0.60 um as determined by SEM of ammonium particles. Thus it was not possible to rank F and UF ammonium salts by toxicity. www.inhalation.net /ammonium_salts_inhaled_by_rats.htm   (1664 words)

The MSDS HyperGlossary: Amine Because quaternary ammonium salts are ionic species, they are good electrolytes. Quaternary amine salts may produce acidic, basic or neutral solutions depending on the nature of the R groups and the anion (negatively charged ion). Many amines are somewhat soluble in water (and most ammonium salts are), so be sure that any aqueous wastes you dispose of down the drain meet the appropriate EPA guidelines. www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/amine.html   (849 words)

291. Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acids (WHO Food Additives Series 5) Incubation of the ammonium salt of 32P-phosphatidic acid with simulated gastric juice, homogenate of intestinal mucosa, trypsin or chymotrypsin in vitro resulted in the liberation of inorganic phosphate. The ammonium salt of 32P-phosphatidic acid was given to eight male and seven female rats at a level of 60 to 30 mg/kg bw. The radioactive phospholipid fraction in the liver of test rats was chromatographically identical with the liver phospholipid of rats fed 32P orthophosphate. www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je35.htm   (878 words)

Ammonia - LoveToKnow 1911 Many of the ammonium salts are made from the ammoniacal liquor of gas-works, by heating it with milk of lime and then absorbing the gas so liberated in a suitable acid. Ammonium chlorate, NH 4 C10 3, is obtained by neutralizing chloric acid with either ammonia or ammonium carbonate, or by precipitating barium, strontium or calcium chlorates with ammonium carbonate. Ammonium nitrite, NH 4 NO 2, is formed by oxidizing ammonia with ozone or hydrogen peroxide; by precipitating barium or lead nitrites with ammonium sulphate, or silver nitrite with ammonium chloride. www.1911encyclopedia.org /Ammonia   (2371 words)

Salt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Salts that contain a hydroxide ion are basic salts and salts that contain a hydrogen ion are acid salts. Salt was also given to the parents of the groom in marriage until the 8th century. Salting the earth is the deliberate massive use of salt to render a soil unsuitable for cultivation and thus discourage habitation. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salt   (762 words)

Ammonia Ammonium salts also are found distributed through all fertile soil, in sea- water, and in most plant and animal liquids, and also in urine. Ammonium nitrate, NH, is prepared by neutralizing nitric acid with ammonia, or ammonium carbonate, or by double decomposition between potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. Ammonium nitrite, NH, is formed by oxidizing ammonia with ozone or hydrogen peroxide; by precipitating barium or lead nitrites with ammonium sulfate, or silver nitrite with ammonium chloride. www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/am/Ammonia.html   (2591 words)

Ammonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ammonia and ammonium salts are also found in small quantities in rainwater, while ammonium chloride (sal-ammoniac) and ammonium sulfate are found in volcanic districts; crystals of ammonium bicarbonate have been found in Patagonian guano. Ammonium salts of carboxylic acids can be dehydrated to amides so long as there are no thermally sensitive groups present: temperatures of 150–200 °C are required. The solubility of halide salts increases from fluoride to iodide. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ammonia   (3987 words)

Todini and Co s.p.a. | Alphabetical list of chemical products distributed Ammonium metavandate, also known as ammonia vanadate, is used in the preparation of catalysts for inorganic and organic synthesis and in the fabrication of colours and paints. Ammonium molybdate is soluble in cold water, insoluble in ethanol and decomposes in hot water. Tin chloride is soluble in water and is used in various sectors: in the chemical industry as an intermediate compound in preparing tin salts, as a reducing agent in the pharmaceutical industry, in the extraction and purification of precious metal and in textile dying and printing. www.todiniandco.com /products/index.html   (4263 words)

Salts Some salts are composed of metallic polyatomic ions and nonmetallic polyatomic ions (ammonium nitrate is composed of ammonium ions and nitrate ions). The reaction of a salt and water to form an acid and a base is called a hydrolysis reaction. Ammonium hydroxide, on standing, decomposes to form gaseous ammonia, NH When both the acid and the base in a hydrolysis reaction are equally strong (or equally weak), the effect of such a solution on litmus is neither that of an acid or a base. www.sciencebyjones.com /salts.htm   (679 words)

IRON [symbol Fe, atomi... - Online Information article about IRON [symbol Fe, atomi... series of salts, the ferroussalts, wherein the metal is divalent, and the ferric salts, wherein the metal is trivalent; the former readily pass into the latter on oxidation, and the latter into the former on reduction. It is also prepared by precipitating a ferric salt with ammonium sulphide; unless the alkali be in excess a mixture of ferrous sulphide and sulphur is obtained. Ferrous salts also give a bluish white precipitate with ferrocyanide, which on exposure turns to a dark blue; ferric salts are characterized by the intense purple coloration with a thiocyanate. encyclopedia.jrank.org /INV_JED/IRON_symbol_Fe_atomic_weight_55.html   (6722 words)

Ammonia   (Site not responding. Last check: ) The salts produced by the action of ammonia on acids are known as the ammonium salts[?] and all contain the compound radical ammonium (NH Numerous attempts have been made to isolate this radical, but so far none have been successful. Ammonium sulfide, (NH, is obtained, in the form of micaceous crystals, by passing sulfuretted hydrogen mixed with a slight excess of ammonia through a well-cooled vessel; the hydrosulfide NH Salts of ammonia have been known from very early times; thus the term Hammoniacus sal appears in the writings of Pliny, although it isn't known whether the term is identical with the more modern sal-ammoniac. www.termsdefined.net /am/ammonia.html   (2525 words)

Diquaternary ammonium salts and the use thereof as textile finishing agents - Patent 4906413 The known diquaternary ammonium salts are employed as dyeing auxiliaries, in particular as levelling agents for dyeings on polyacrylonitrile fibres. In their application as textile finishing agents, the ammonium salts of this invention are employed as waterproofing agents, anti-crease agents, softeners or agents for improving the sewability, the spinning performance or the soiling behaviour of textiles. The diquaternary ammonium salts of the invention are conveniently employed in amounts of 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 4% by weight, based on the textile material to be finished. www.freepatentsonline.com /4906413.html   (3584 words)

Polymeric quaternary ammonium salts containing specific cationic recurring units - Patent 4247476 A polymeric quaternary ammonium salt according to claim 5, wherein the recurring units are of the formula ##STR105## in which R.sub.17 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A.sub.7 is ##STR106## m is 2 to 12 and m.sub.1, is 2 to 6. The polymeric quaternary ammonium salts according to the invention are usually soluble in water and as a rule are obtained from the preparation in quantitative yield in the form of mixtures and not of pure compounds. Advantageous amounts of polymeric quaternary ammonium salts which are employed in these dyeing methods are in general in the range of 0.01 to 5 percent by weight and especially of 0.05 to 2 or of 0.1 to 1 percent by weight, based on the weight of the fibre materials. www.freepatentsonline.com /4247476.html   (3917 words)

Gauze activation - Deposits of Ammonium salts in plant equipmet Ammonium nitrate melts at a temperature of 170°C and at a temperature of 290°C will explosively decompose in the molten state. Ammonium nitrite, on the other hand, is stable in alkaline solutions, but this solution may decompose in an acid environment. Ammonium nitrate formation is a good indicator of ammonia by pass and therefore lower conversion efficiency of ammonia to nitric oxide. www.noble.matthey.com /products/detail/index.asp?article=94   (393 words)

Quaternary ammonium salts   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Special quaternary ammonium salts of 2,4,6-tris-(.omega.-dialkylamino-alkyleneamino)-triazines and 2,4,6-tris-(.omega.-dialkylaminoalkoxy)-triazines and their use in dyeing anionic polyacrylonitrile fibers with basic dyes; these special derivatives of triazine are particularly effective retarders. In addition to the quaternary ammonium compounds to be used in accordance with the invention, the bath may contain the conventional additives for dyeing with basic dyes, for example salts, such as sodium sulfate, sodium chloride or sodium acetate, or acids, such as acetic acid, or buffer solutions. The amount of the quaternary ammonium compounds to be used depends on the particular dyeing conditions, for example on the nature and amount of the basic dyes and the character and state of processing of the fibrous material to be dyed. www.sacnewsmonthly.com /invent/output_retaining_electronic_circuit/quaternary_ammonium_salts.html   (1992 words)

The Hendrix Group - corrosion in refinery ammonium chloride solutions Ammonium chloride corrosion is characterized by general or localized corrosion, often pitting, normally occurring under ammonium chloride or amine salt deposits, and often in the absence of a free water phase. Figure 1 shows a curve where deposition of ammonium chloride salts are predicted, based on the partial pressures of ammonia and hydrogen chloride. Ammonium chloride and amine hydrochloride salts are highly water soluble, highly corrosive and form an acidic solution when mixed with water. www.hghouston.com /ammonium_chloride.html   (473 words)

Silicone ammonium salts and photoresponsive devices containing same - Patent 4407920 Yet a further feature of the present invention is the provision of silicone ammonium salts, which have certain electrical conductivities, such as 10.sup.8 to 10.sup.13 (ohm-cm).sup.-1, enabling these salts to be utilized in electrostatographic imaging devices for the purpose of maintaining a zero or low residual potential in such devices. The silicone ammonium salts of the present invention can be applied to the photoconductive material by a number of suitable methods including for example, blade coating, dip flow coating, spraying using a suitable solvent or solvent mixture, brush coating and the like. The photoresponsive devices of Examples I-IV, Example III containing a silicone ammonium salt of the present invention were subjected to adhesion tests; and further the residual potential in volts of the resulting device was measured utilizing an electrometer, and the results are reported in Table I that follows. www.freepatentsonline.com /4407920.html   (3092 words)

AMMONIUM SALTS OF HALOGENO-SUBSTITUTED BENZOIC ACIDS WITH ETHANOLAMINE, POTENTIAL BIOREGULATORS   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Starting from these references our studies have focused to obtain some ammonium salts of naphthalene and substituted benzoic acids with such organic bases as alkanolamines [8-12], especially since it is known that ammonium quaternary salts and ethanolamines are in themselves plant growth regulators [14-17]. The obtained ammonium salts being insoluble in ether, or acetone, after cooling at the room temperature, were filtered on, then washed with acetone, and dried. Therefore, the height of the plant increased by 25-30% with 4 (10 and 20 ppm) at monocotyledonous, and by 36% with 4 (20 ppm) and by 31% with 5 (20 ppm) at dicotyledonous. ejeafche.uvigo.es /3(4)2004/002342004F.htm   (1327 words)

Information about perchlorate, the soluble anion associated with the solid salts of ammonium, potassium, and sodium ... Ammonium perchlorate is used as an energetics booster or oxidant in solid propellant for rockets and missiles. Ammonium perchlorate is also used in certain fireworks, the manufacture of matches, as a component of air bag inflators, and in analytical chemistry to preserve ionic strength. Ammonium perchlorate has a limited shelf life, and must be periodically replaced in munitions and rockets, or in inventory. www.perchloratenews.com /about-perchlorate.html   (407 words)

ipedia.com: Ammonia Article   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Ammonia is found in small quantities as the carbonate in the atmosphere, being produced from the putrefaction of nitrogenous animal and vegetable matter. Ammonium salts are also found in small quantities in rain-water, whilst ammonium chloride (sal-ammoniac) and ammonium sulfate are found in volcanic districts; and crystals of ammonium bicarbonate have been found in Patagonian guano. Ammonium salts also are found distributed through all fertile soil, in sea-water, and in most plant and animal liquids, and also in urine. www.ipedia.com /ammonia.html   (2670 words)

Salts of omeprazole and esomeprazole ii invention The present invention also relates to processes for preparing the 1-cyclohexylethyl ammonium salts of the single enantiomers of omeprazole in a pure and isolated form and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. [0005] Certain salts of the single enantiomers of omeprazole and their preparation are disclosed in WO 94/27988, for instance, quaternary ammonium salts of esomeprazole are mentioned. It has surprisingly been found that 1-cyclohexylethyl ammonium salts of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of omeprazole may be obtained in a well-defined crystalline state. www.freshpatents.com /Salts-of-omeprazole-and-esomeprazole-ii-dt20070125ptan20070021467.php   (1272 words)

Ammonium Information This means that the ammonium ion is a conjugate acid of the base ammonia. However, formation of ammonium compounds can also occur in the vapor phase; for example, when ammonia vapor comes in contact with hydrogen chloride vapor, a white cloud of ammonium chloride forms, which eventually settles out as a solid in a thin white layer on surfaces. Ammonium ions are a toxic waste product of the metabolism in animals and are excreted unchanged in the urine by water animals. www.bookrags.com /wiki/Ammonium   (383 words)

HEPARIN SALTS BENZALKONIUM HEPARIN [HB-0318] is a water-insoluble salt of heparin sodium USP of porcine intestinal mucosa and benzalkonium chloride NF. Quaternary ammonium salts physically bind to adsorptive surfaces because of potent surface-active properties. STEARALKONIUM HEPARIN [SK-0317] is a water-insoluble salt of heparin sodium of porcine intestinal mucosa and stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. www.heparin.com /heparin_salts.html   (1017 words)

[No title] Carbonic acid reacts with a base to form a bicarbonate salt and water; ammonium hydroxide reacts with an acid to form an ammonium salt and water. When a solution of ammonium bicarbonate evaporates, it leaves behind solid ammonium bicarbonate, a salt with the properties of both bicarbonate salts and ammonium salts. The curious thing about ammonium bicarbonate it that when you liberate bejeesical carbon dioxide and bejeesical ammonia, the only thing left is bejeesical water. www.cavemanchemistry.com /cavebook/chammonia2.html   (1078 words)

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats) :: FeF Chemicals :: Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary ammonium compounds or "Quats", are salts of quaternary ammonium cations with an anion. Unlike ammonium NH3 itself and primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. In general quaternary ammonium compounds are incompatible with anionic surfactants, soaps and synthetic anionic detergents. www.fef-chem.com /quaternary_ammonium_compounds.htm   (391 words)

HUBBARD FEEDS INC : Dairy - Dry Cow Close Up Rations and Anionic Salts   (Site not responding. Last check: ) If anionic salts are to be fed, it is mandatory that urine pH of close up dry cows be monitored using pH paper or a pH meter. This indicates the cow’s calcium metabolism is being altered by the anionic salts. Salts containing chloride pack more anionic punch than sulfate sources, due to incomplete dissociation of sulfate-containing salts. hubbardfeeds.com /nmg/dairy/dairy_drycow.shtml   (1357 words)

ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Ammonia In water, most of the ammonia changes to the ionic form of ammonia, known as ammonium ions, which are represented by the formula NH4+ (an ion is an atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons). The ammonia that is retained in the body is changed into ammonium compounds and carried throughout the body in seconds. Any discharges or spills of ammonia of 100 pounds or more, or of ammonium salts of 1,000 or 5,000 pounds (depending upon the compound), must be reported to EPA. www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs126.html   (3112 words)

JCE 1997 (74) 734 [Jun] The Onium Compounds The onium salts are of a big interest for theoretical and structural chemistry, and for organic synthesis. Many onium salts are met the nature: ammonium salts (either as inorganic salts, and organic derivatives, e.g. Ammonium, phosphonium and sulfonium salts are used as phase-transfer catalysts; diazonium salts - for the preparation of dyes, metalochromic and pH-indicators. jchemed.chem.wisc.edu:8000 /Journal/issues/1997/Jun/abs734.html   (339 words)

1-Hydrocarbonoyloxymethyl-3-carbamoyl or 3-carboethoxy-pyridinium salts   (Site not responding. Last check: ) However, this salt does not undergo hydrolytic cleavage, which is a necessary characteristic of the labile quaternary ammonium salts of this invention. It is one object of the present invention to provide certain labile quaternary ammonium salts as transient derivatives, characterized by their extreme water solubility. Still, it is another object of the present invention to provide labile quaternary ammonium salts as described above which meet the above criteria and still are subject to chemical and/or enzymatic cleavage, thus releasing, on one hand, the original t-aliphatic amine or aromatic amine, and on the other hand, an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid. www.sacnewsmonthly.com /invent/telephone_random_number_game/1-hydrocarbonoyloxymethyl-3-carbamoyl_3-carboethoxy-pyridinium.html   (1900 words)

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