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Topic: Amniocentesis

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Prenatal testing

Chorionic villus sampling

Genetic testing

Amnion

Stop codon

Open reading frame

Gene

Aglet

Telomere

Anthropological

Canavan disease

Intron

Junk DNA

Eukaryote

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	Amniocentesis: Answers to common questions
		Amniocentesis is a prenatal test used to identify various genetic problems or test a baby's lung maturity.
		Less often, amniocentesis is used to diagnose uterine infections or Rh incompatibility — an uncommon condition in which a mother's immune system produces antibodies against a specific protein on the surface of the baby's blood cells.
		Amniocentesis carries a slight risk of miscarriage, often due to rupture of the amniotic sac.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/PR/00144.html (1191 words)

	Amniocentesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amniocentesis, or an Amniotic Fluid Test (AFT), is a medical procedure used for prenatal diagnosis, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted from the amnion around a developing fetus.
		Amniocentesis is only half as risky to the child than chorionic villus sampling although villus sampling can be done earlier.
		Amniocentesis done in the second trimester is often said to have a risk of fetal death between about 1 in 400 and 1 in 200.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amniocentesis (407 words)

	Amniocentesis: Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders
		Amniocentesis is an optional procedure offered to women during pregnancy in order to obtain more information about a developing fetus.
		Therefore, other indications for amniocentesis or other forms of prenatal diagnosis include a family history of, or a previous child with, a known genetic condition; abnormal prenatal screening results, such as ultrasound or a blood test; or one parent with a previously identified structural chromosome rearrangement.
		Amniocentesis is a reliable procedure for prenatal diagnosis in the second trimester of pregnancy.
	health.enotes.com /genetic-disorders-encyclopedia/amniocentesis (3563 words)

	Amniocentesis
		Amniocentesis usually is done between the 18th and 22nd weeks, to monitor the severity of the sensitization and to evaluate the health of your baby.
		Amniocentesis is performed by your obstetrician in his or her office or in the hospital.
		Amniocentesis between the 15th and 18th weeks is not done as a general screening test because it carries some risk to you and your baby and cannot detect some common birth defects.
	www.webmd.com /hw/being_pregnant/hw1810.asp (2337 words)

	amniocentesis - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		AMNIOCENTESIS [amniocentesis], diagnostic procedure in which a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus is removed from the uterus by means of a fine needle inserted through the abdomen of the pregnant woman (see pregnancy).
		Amniocentesis cannot be used to detect such defects as congenital heart disease or cleft palate.
		Amniocentesis is generally recommended when there is a family history of genetic disorders or when the woman is over age 35 and therefore at a higher risk of having a baby with a chromosomal abnormality.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/a/amnio.asp (406 words)

	Dr. Koop - Amniocentesis- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Amniocentesis is a simple medical procedure used to obtain small samples of the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus.
		Amniocentesis to measure AFP is offered if there is a family history of neural tube defects, or if earlier screening tests of AFP in the mother's blood indicate that the pregnancy is at increased risk.
		Rh disease causes antibodies in the mother's blood to attack fetal blood cells and an amniocentesis detects the disease and enables the doctors to take appropriate measures to reduce complications.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/93/541.html (473 words)

	Amniocentesis
		Amniocentesis is a medical procedure performed on a pregnant woman to withdraw a small amount of amniotic fluid from the sac surrounding the foetus.
		Amniocentesis is only performed on women thought to be at higher risk of delivering a child with a birth defect.
		Before having amniocentesis, it is usual for the woman and her partner to be counselled on the risks of the procedure.
	www.disability.vic.gov.au /dsonline/dsarticles.nsf/pages/Amniocentesis?OpenDocument (826 words)

	Amniocentesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amniocentesis is the most common test used for prenatal diagnosis of a chromosome problem in the baby.
		The amniocentesis sample is sent to the laboratory where the cells are cultured (allowed to grow and divide) and then the chromosomes are analyzed.
		In past experience, the pregnancies that most often continue to livebirth without amniocentesis are those involving aneuploidies that have been rarely described in liveborn children, even in a mosaic form, such as trisomy 2, 3 or 7.
	www.medgen.ubc.ca /wrobinson/mosaic/amnio.htm (683 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis: Amniocentesis and CVS -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amniocentesis or CVS may be considered in situations in which the parents are at increased risk of having an infant with a genetic disorder.
		During amniocentesis, a sample of amniotic fluid (the fluid around the baby) is removed from your uterus and sent to a laboratory for evaluation.
		Amniocentesis is preferred if you have previously had a baby with a neural tube defect or if you or your partner have a neural tube defect.
	familydoctor.org /144.xml (662 words)

	Amniocentesis: Answers to common questions - MayoClinic.com
		Less often, amniocentesis is used to diagnose uterine infections or Rh incompatibility — an uncommon condition in which a mother's immune system produces antibodies against a specific protein on the surface of the baby's blood cells.
		Amniocentesis done before the 14th week of pregnancy has up to a five in 100 risk of miscarriage, often due to rupture of the amniotic sac.
		When amniocentesis is used later in pregnancy to assess a baby's lung maturity, rupture of the amniotic sac causes less concern because safe delivery is nearly always possible at that point.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/amniocentesis/PR00144 (1051 words)

	Amniocentesis \| Cooper University Hospital (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amniocentesis is a procedure used to obtain a small sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy.
		An amniocentesis may be performed in late pregnancy to check fetal well-being and diagnose fetal conditions, such as Rh disease (complications resulting from incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and baby) and infection.
		An amniocentesis may be performed on an outpatient basis or as part of your stay in a hospital.
	www.cooperhealth.org /content/greystone_21949.asp (1801 words)

	Amniocentesis -
		Amniocentesis is a test carried out during pregnancy to detect a number of abnormalities in a developing baby (fetus).
		Amniocentesis is sometimes used to check whether a baby is at risk of rhesus disease.
		To help prevent the mother from developing antibodies against the fetus's blood, an injection of another antibody is given to the mother in her arm or leg, at 28 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, and after the delivery.
	hcd2.bupa.co.uk /fact_sheets/html/amniocentesis.html?print (1438 words)

	Amniocentesis
		In amniocentesis, a sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the foetus is removed and analysed.
		Amniocentesis is not risk-free and carries a slight risk of causing a miscarriage.
		Before an amniocentesis test is carried out, it is therefore important for the expectant parents to consider what difference an abnormal result would make to their wish to continue with the pregnancy.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /health_advice/examinations/amniocentesis.htm (722 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Amniocentesis
		Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a small sample of the amniotic fluid is taken from the amniotic sac.
		Amniocentesis is usually performed 15 to 18 weeks after the woman has missed a period.
		Amniocentesis is occasionally done in the third trimester, toward the end of the pregnancy.
	www.healthopedia.com /amniocentesis (586 words)

	Amniocentesis \| DoctorNDTV: Health Information on Amniocentesis
		Amniocentesis is a test done to check the health of the unborn baby.
		Amniocentesis may also be done near the end of a pregnancy to test the maturity of a baby's lungs.
		Amniocentesis may be done later in pregnancy to see if the baby's lungs are mature enough for the baby to breathe well after birth.
	www.doctorndtv.com /topicsh/Amniocentesis.asp (496 words)

	Amniocentesis
		Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the sac surrounding the fetus and is tested.
		An amniocentesis can also be done during the third trimester of the pregnancy to determine if the baby's lungs are mature enough for delivery, in cases where an early delivery may be warranted.
		Amniocentesis may occasionally be unsuccessful due to technical problems such as being unable to collect an adequate amount of amniotic fluid or failure of the collected cells to grow when cultured.
	www.webmd.com /NR/internal.asp?GUID={173E08FD-C578-4325-A421-9E7CA74CAFD8} (831 words)

	Amniocentesis
		Amniocentesis is a procedure used to diagnose fetal defects in the early second trimester of pregnancy.
		Amniocentesis is generally performed during the 16th week of pregnancy, with results usually available within three weeks.
		The word amniocentesis literally means "puncture of the amnion," the thin-walled sac of fluid in which a developing fetus is suspended during pregnancy.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/amniocentesis.jsp (2136 words)

	Amniocentesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amniocentesis is a test that detects or rules out certain inherited disorders in a fetus.
		Amniocentesis is done in an examination room, either with or without local anesthesia.
		Amniocentesis detects or rules out Down's syndrome, which causes mental retardation, congenital heart defects, and physical characteristics such as skin folds near the eyes.
	www.shands.org /health/surgeries/100192.html (854 words)

	Amniocentesis - Page 2
		Amniocentesis is a prenatal test in which a sample of fluid is obtained from the amniotic sac (bag of fluid around the fetus) in the mother’s uterus (womb).
		Amniocentesis may be used to check for an infection in the uterus after a woman’s membranes have ruptured prematurely.
		Amniocentesis checks for many of the same disorders that can be revealed by another form of testing called chorionic villus sampling.
	obgyn.healthcentersonline.com /pregnancybasics/amniocentesis2.cfm (847 words)

	Amniocentesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amniocentesis is a specialised test that involves taking a sample of amniotic fluid from your womb and examining it in the laboratory to see whether your baby has any serious abnormalities.
		Amniocentesis can also reveal whether the mother or baby is RH-negative, and whether the baby's lungs are mature enough for him to be born if a caesarean section is being considered.
		Other women who are generally offered amniocentesis are those with a family history of certain birth defects, or who have already given birth to a child with a genetic abnormality or whose partners have a family history.
	www.babycentre.co.uk /refcap/327.html (1430 words)

	Amniocentesis Hurt Portal - Amniocentesis Hurt Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is obtained between 16 does the procedure hurt - some women say the procedure is uncomfortable.
		The risk of fetal loss after amniocentesis is elevated in women aged 40 and over and in those with a history of vaginal bleeding in the current pregnancy or repeated fetal loss, a large retrospective study suggests.
		Women who have an early amniocentesis also have an elevated risk of amniotic fluid leakage prior to the 22nd week of pregnancy To determine the safety and accuracy of early amniocentesis, a randomized, multicenter Canadian study compared the procedure to second trimester amniocentesis, whose safety and accuracy are well established.l.
	www.amniocentesis-research.info /amniocentesis-hurt.html (1245 words)

	UpToDate Patient information: Amniocentesis
		— Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a small amount of fluid is withdrawn from the amniotic sac, or "bag of water", that surrounds the growing fetus during pregnancy.
		A typical genetic amniocentesis result gives information about the number of chromosomes (as an example, there is an extra chromosome in Down syndrome and one missing in Turner syndrome), the sex of the baby, and whether there is an increased risk of some birth defects, such as open spina bifida.
		— Amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis is an elective procedure.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=pregnan/6937 (1838 words)

	Amniocentesis: Everything you need to know about amniocentesis
		Amniocentesis can be performed during either the second or third trimester, depending on the reason it is being done.
		Amniocentesis for genetic diagnosis is most commonly performed between 15 and 18 weeks’ gestation.
		For several hours prior to the amniocentesis, the woman should drink plenty of fluids to ensure an adequate volume of amniotic fluid during the procedure.
	parenting.ivillage.com /pregnancy/psecondtri/0,,43j0,00.html (204 words)

	Amniocentesis - High-Risk Pregnancy - Health Library - Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
		An amniocentesis is a procedure used to obtain a small sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus to diagnose chromosomal disorders and open neural tube defects (ONTDs) such as spina bifida.
		An amniocentesis is a procedure that involves inserting a long, thin needle through the mother's abdomen into the amniotic sac to withdraw a small sample of the amniotic fluid for examination.
		Depending on the position of the baby, placenta, amount of fluid, or mother's anatomy, sometimes the amniocentesis cannot be performed.
	www.chkd.org /High_Risk_Pregnancy/amnio.asp (550 words)

	What Is Amniocentesis?
		Amniocentesis is a procedure performed during pregnancy in which amniotic fluid is withdrawn from a woman's uterus to test for certain problems in the fetus, such as genetic defects, fetal infections, fetal lung immaturity, or Rh sensitization.
		The word "amniocentesis" literally means "puncture of the amnion," the fluid-filled sac that encloses the fetus during pregnancy.
		During amniocentesis, a needle is inserted through a mother's belly into the sac of amniotic fluid, the watery fluid that surrounds the fetus, and a small amount of the fluid is removed.
	www.ehealthmd.com /library/amniocentesis/AMO_whatis.html (362 words)

	Amniocentesis Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amniocentesis may also be done as a follow-up procedure if the result of an alpha-fetoprotein screening (AFP) test is positive, or to determine whether the lungs are mature enough for an early birth.
		Amniocentesis is typically done at 16 to 18 weeks of pregnancy, when there are enough cells in the amniotic fluid to be tested.
		Amniocentesis is approximately 99 percent accurate for detecting Down's syndrome.
	www.adventisthealthcare.com /AHC/Atoz/dc/tp/tpamnio.asp (697 words)

	Penn Ob/Gyn: Amniocentesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amniocentesis is considered safe for the woman and her pregnancy.
		There is also a chance that amniocentesis will cause an infection in the uterus and that this will result in miscarriage.
		Following an amniocentesis, you will be given an instruction sheet about how to watch for this and other complications of the test.
	www.obgyn.upenn.edu /genetics/Amnio.html (876 words)

	Women's Health Information : Amniocentesis
		An amniocentesis is a test in which a small sample of water (liquor) is taken from around the developing baby. It involves passing a needle through the skin of the mother, through the wall of the uterus (womb) and on into the liquor without touching the baby or the placenta (afterbirth).
		Women (or the baby's biological father) who are known to have a chromosomal abnormality themselves or those parents who are known to be at risk of having a baby with one of a number of rare "metabolic" disorders.
		Apart from this very slight risk of a miscarriage the amniocentesis test does not appear to be associated with any other complications to the baby or to the pregnancy.
	www.rwh.org.au /womensinfo/factsheets.cfm?doc_id=5852 (1016 words)

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