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Topic: Amoco Cadiz

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	Amoco Cadiz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Amoco Cadiz was a supertanker, owned by Amoco, that split in two after running aground on Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany, in March 16, 1978, resulting in the 5th-largest oil spill in history.
		The argument that arose between the captain of the Amoco Cadiz [Pasquale Bardari] and that of the captain of the German Tug Pacific [Harmut Weinert] was on the issue of LOF (Lloyds Open Form).
		The Amoco Cadiz spill was one of the most studied oil spills in history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amoco_Cadiz (1076 words)

	05/07/89 - SPILLS: A MATTER OF LIABILITY ... HISTORY SHOWS THAT MANY VARIABLES AFFECT TREATMENT WHICH DAMAGED PARTIES ...
		The Cadiz was one of four VLCCs (very large crude carriers) built for Amoco in the early 1970s by Astilleros Espanoles ancient and respected shipwrights who 500 years earlier built the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.
		Amoco's position is straightforward: The company is not responsible for the failure of the steering system, and therefore has no obligation to pay for the damage caused by the spill.
		Amoco was found liable largely because of its dismal maintenance record, and because it knew from the first voyage of the Cadiz that the steering mechanism was flawed and failed to repair it, according to McGarr.
	www.adn.com /evos/stories/EV332.html (5250 words)

	Revisiting the Amoco Cadiz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Amoco Cadiz disaster was the first marine environmental catastrophe to be covered by the world's media in real time and to be recognised by the public.
		The Amoco Cadiz ran aground on 16 March,1978, polluting 240 miles of Brittany's coast with 223,000 tons of crude oil.
		These were used in the last phase of the Amoco Cadiz rescue operation, when specialists tried to weld together a shattered bar from the rudder mechanism.
	www.divernet.com /wrecks/cadiz0200.htm (1607 words)

	Ellen Schmidt: The World Bank & Russian Oil (part 2)
		Amoco's glossy Russian-language brochures claim that the company is the international leader in the environmental, safety and social fields (Amoco 94b).
		The interest that Amoco and a number of other transnational oil corporations have in Siberian oil arises primarily from the prospect of generating enormous revenues in regions where environmental and working standards are either inadequate or nonexistent (Greenpeace 94, 7).
		Amoco subsidiaries in the USA have attempted to build waste incineration plants on Indian reservations in the face of strong opposition from environmental organizations (Ekker 91, 8-10).
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/bwi-wto/rusoil2.htm (8394 words)

	Impact of "Amoco Cadiz" oil spill on the seabirds. Preliminary results
		Impact of "Amoco Cadiz" oil spill on the seabirds.
		Immediatly following the AMOCO CADIZ oil spill, the S.E.P.N.B. carried out health centers for oiled birds from Finistère, and estimated the impact of the oil spill on seabirds.
		In the whole, 15 to 20 000 birds are dead because of the AMOCO CADIZ oil spill.
	www.ifremer.fr /docelec/notice/1978/notice1102-EN.htm (117 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects (1985)
		A disastrous effect on the bird population had been feared in the case of the Amoco Cadiz, but it did not materialize, suggesting that the survival potential of seabirds, at least for the eastern North Atlantic populations, is quite good (see also Chapter 5, Impact on Seabird Populations section).
		Amoco Cadiz: Consequences d'une pollution accidentelle par les hydrocarbures.
		Amoco Cadiz: Preliminary Observations of the Oilapill Impact on the Mar ine Environment.
	www.nap.edu /openbook.php?record_id=314&page=549 (7261 words)

	Amoco Cadiz Spill, OilSpills.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On March 16, 1978, the Amoco Cadiz ran aground on Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany due to failure of the steering mechanism.
		The Amoco Cadiz oil spill cleanup operations - An overview of the organization, control, and evaluation of the cleanup techniques employed., Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1979.
		Hann, R.W. Unit operations, unit processes and level of resource requirements for the cleanup of the oil spill from the supertanker Amoco Cadiz.
	oilspills.org /Amoco_Cadiz.htm (1495 words)

	Wreck of the Amoco Milford Haven - DIVERNET from Diver Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The name Amoco Cadiz became synonymous with environmental nightmare when the supertanker sank off France, and its twin the Amoco Milford Haven went the same way off Italy 13 years later.
		THE CYPRIOT OIL-TANKER Amoco Milford Haven, later known simply as the Haven, was launched in 1973.
		The twin of the Amoco Cadiz, which sank, notoriously, in 1978 (The Biggest Wreck In The World, Diver, February 2000), the Haven was incredibly big, 334m long and displacing 110,000 tons.
	www.divernet.com /wrecks/0602haven.htm (1133 words)

	Guardian Century \| 1970-1979 \| Tanker's entire load spills into sea
		The broken wreck of the Amoco Cadiz, its decks awash with heavy seas, last night marked the world's worst oil pollution caused by a tanker.
		Yesterday, the last few intact storage tanks were holed as 30 ft waves continued to pound the ship and all but 50,000 tons of the 230,000 tons of fl crude oil aboard has now leaked into the ocean.
		As the oil leaked from the Amoco Cadiz yesterday, a new threat emerged from the highly explosive gas left behind inside the tanker.
	century.guardian.co.uk /1970-1979/Story/0,6051,106870,00.html (544 words)

	David S Page (Bowdoin) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The group has also been involved in two experimental oil spills and has received contracts to study of the effects of used drilling fluids on marine animals and the effects of heavy metals on marine animals.
		Amoco Cadiz Oil Spill NRDA Study Program: 1979-1986: This multi-year project was done in support of litigation.
		This consisted of an integrated program of chemistry and biology sampling in the field to establish the effects of the spill on the commercial oyster fishery and to compare those effects with those of other sources of pollutants measured in the spill zone including sewage and heavy metals.
	academic.bowdoin.edu /faculty/D/dpage/html/oilspill.shtml (1350 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Amoco Cadiz
		The Amoco Cadiz was a supertanker, owned by Amoco in the United States of America, that split in two, after running aground on Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany in March 16, 1978, resulting in the 5th largest oil spill in history.
		En route from the Persian Gulf to Le Havre, France when it encountered stormy weather with gale conditions and high seas and a seemingly minor failure in the ship's steering gear started a slow drift to the French coastline.
		Oil Spills: A Case Study of the Amoco Cadiz Oil Spill :: Green Nature :: - Case Study of Amoco Cadiz oil spill
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Amoco_Cadiz (894 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 24 \| 1978: Tanker Amoco Cadiz splits in two
		Violent seas have split the Amoco Cadiz super tanker wrecked off the coast of France, destroying any hopes of salvaging any remaining oil and threatening an ecological disaster.
		The Amoco Cadiz's cargo is already forming a "chocolate mousse" - a dangerous mix of oil and water that forms naturally - which will pollute all life forms it drifts across.
		The Amoco Cadiz caused the world's worst oil tanker spill at the time.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/24/newsid_2531000/2531211.stm (497 words)

	ITOPF - Historical Data
		At the time, the AMOCO CADIZ incident resulted in the largest loss of marine life ever recorded after an oil spill.
		Numerous cleanup and impact lessons were learned from the AMOCO CADIZ incident, and it still remains one of the most comprehensively studied oil spills in history.
		Conan, G., d'Ozouville, L., and Marchand, M. Amoco Cadiz - preliminary observations of the oil spill impact on the marine environment.
	www.itopf.com /casehistories.html (5840 words)

	New Scientist Archive - This Week - French finally clean up after Amoco Cadiz disaster
		Twelve years after its tanker Amoco Cadiz broke apart and deluged the Brittany beaches (see above) with 220 000 tonnes of oil, Amoco must pay, a judged ruled in Chicago.
		Amoco's attorneys say they will appeal, but in 1988, a judge decided that Amoco was liable for $85.2 million in damages.
		French citizens who sued Amoco argued that the company was negligent in not fixing Amoco Cadiz's chronic steering problems.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg12717281.100.html (195 words)

	Gulf Ecology Division
		Davis, William P. Impacts of Oil Spill and Clean-Up on the European Coast: Amoco Cadiz.
		Accidental release of petroleum or other hazardous substances during transport or transfer from ships will continue to be a major focal point of pollution control and abatement efforts.
		At the time of this writing the Amoco Cadiz wreck on the Brittany coast of France represents the largest oil spill resulting from man's activities.
	www.epa.gov /GED/publica/c0500.htm (207 words)

	Active Skim View of: APPENDIX A: Impact of Some Major Spills (Spill Case Histories)
		On the other hand, Amoco Cadiz oil remained near the Brittany coast for several weeks under the action ' + 'of the shifting northeasterly and northwesterly winds.
		ATnoco ' + 'Cadiz oil has been found in the tissues of a broad range of benthic organisms, although both tbe concentrations and the rates of depuration, i.e., ' + 'disappearance from the tissues, vary widely.
		In Amoco Cadiz: consequences d\'une pollutin accidentelle par les ' + 'hydrocarbures.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309034795&chap=549-582 (10195 words)

	This Day in History
		The Cadiz was 65 meters longer than the Titanic and capable of carrying more than 250,000 tons of crude oil.
		Due to the isolated location, poor weather and lack of a thorough emergency plan, officials were unable to recover any of the oil from the ship and it appeared that the oil would slowly leak out and damage the coastline.
		When water and wind conditions suggested that the oil would drift out to the ocean rather than toward the coastline, it was decided to use explosives to open the hull immediately, releasing the 1.6 million barrels of oil quickly.
	www.historychannel.com /tdih/tdih.jsp?category=disaster&month=10272955&day=10272981 (489 words)

	OIL TANKERS AND OIL SPILLS - Access to Energy Newsletter Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The recent oil spill due to a blow-out on a Mexican offshore oil well, together with the memory of the Argo Merchant spill off Massachusetts and the far worse Amoco Cadiz spill off the Brittany coast, have again raised the specter of "poisoning the sea" and "killing the ocean."
		A spill such as the Amoco Cadiz' 1,500,000 barrels (the biggest to date), which may happen perhaps once a decade, is about 25 percent of the oil that seeps into the oceans year-in, year-out courtesy of Mother Nature (though, of course, not all in one place).
		The sea is quite literally starved for hydrocarbon and other food; and experience has repeatedly shown that the sea knows how to preserve its ecology and environment after an oil spill.
	www.accesstoenergy.com /view/atearchive/s76a4272.htm (691 words)

	12/08/89 - OIL SPILL SETS DEADLY RECORD FOR SEA BIRDS ...
		Even the most conservative estimate dwarfs the mortality from wellknown oil spills like the Torrey Canyon in 1967 and the Amoco Cadiz in 1978, the authors said.
		Piatt and Lensink compared that number to 7,815 retrieved after the spill of the Torrey Canyon and 4,572 after the spill of the Amoco Cadiz.
		The Torrey Canyon spilled 35 million gallons of oil and the Amoco Cadiz 66 million, compared to 11 million spilled by the Exxon Valdez.
	www.adn.com /evos/stories/EV223.html (1136 words)

	The Ecological Liability of Corporate Groups: Comparing US and European Trends
		Furthermore, Standard itself was initially involved in and controlled the design, construction, operation and management of the Amoco Cadiz and treated that vessel as if it were its own.
		Standard therefore is liable to the French claimants for damages resulting from the grounding of Amoco Cadiz.
		Given the trends under CERCLA, and assuming that the Amoco Cadiz judgment might have some effect as a precedent, it can be expected that the Oil Pollution Act, too, will be subjected to a liberal standard of parent liability (Anderson and Wethmar, 1991: 1005-1007).
	www.hottopos.com /harvard1/ecological_liability_of_corporat.htm (6575 words)

	Endgame Directory of Transnational Corporations
		Amoco is involved in oil drilling off the Congo coast (Oil and Gas Journal, Oct. 30, 1989, p.31).
		Amoco began oil exploration in Burma in 1989 (Dara O'Rourke, "Oil in Burma: Fueling Oppression," Multinational Monitor, Oct. 1992 and June 1993).
		Energy companies including Amoco, Conoco, Exxon, and Marathon have each donated an average of $100,000 to the Russian Petroleum Legislation project, which is being administered by the University of Houston Law Center.
	www.endgame.org /dtc/a.html (11425 words)

	I don't know exactly how to format this--is it a commissioned work i= f I was
		Microbial hydrocarbon biodegradation within intertidal zones impacted by the Amoco Cadiz oil spillage.
		Amoco Cadiz, fates and effects of the oil spill: Proceedings of an international symposium (pp.
		Response of intertidal population to oil from the Amoco Cadiz spillag= e.
	www.louisville.edu /kent/doctoral/scholarlyactivities.mht (2657 words)

	Active Skim View of: APPENDIX A: Impact of Some Major Spills (Spill Case Histories)
		Amoco Cadiz: Consequences d\'une ' + 'pollution accidentelle par les hydrocarbures.
		Effets des pollutions par les hydrocarbures du patroller Amoco Cadiz sur la ' + 'croissance des soles et des plies dans 1\'estuaire de l\'Aber Benoit, pp.749-773.
		Effets de la maree noire de l\' Amoco Cadiz ' + 'sur le benthos sublittoral du nord de la Bretagne.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309034795&chap=549-582 (10195 words)

	MNC Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Oil pollution conferences have become big business since Torrey Canyon (1967) and Amoco Cadiz (1978); first stirred public concern.
		It's the same with the Braer in Shetland, and it took 18 years for Amoco Cadiz victims to win partial compensation.
		All-risks insurance would make shipowners fully responsible for their actions and be more effective than reams of Euro-regulations.
	www.classaxe.com /discus/messages/14/71.html?1004190025 (759 words)

	csscccs
		* In the 1970s the Amoco Cadiz, a petrol tanker, ran aground of the cost of Brittany whilst trying to deal with a treacherous passage.
		Dans les années 70, l'Amoco Cadiz, un petrolier, s'est échoué sur la cote de la Bretagne alors qu'il essayait de naviguer des eaux traitres.
		* Lessons from the Amoco Cadiz were not learnt and resulted in the case of the Sea Empress disaster
	website.lineone.net /~esteve2/page27.html (647 words)

	SHAKE or SLUDGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Research and compare data and events related to the Exxon Valdez spill and the earlier Amoco Cadiz spill
		On March 17, 1978, a supertanker called the Amoco Cadiz lost its entire cargo (223,000 tons or 68.7 million gallons of crude oil) off the coast of Brittany, France.
		Over 130 beaches were oiled up to a depth of 30 cm.
	www.ateec.org /curric/themes/envdis/act07.html (250 words)

	Dirlam's publications
		The Tourist Industry, (with Thomas A. Grigalunas and Timothy J. Tyrrell), chapter five in Assessing the Social Costs of Oil Spills: The Amoco Cadiz Case Study, (Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983), pp.
		Other Costs, (with Thomas A. Grigalunas and Timothy J. Tyrrell), chapter six in Assessing the Social Costs of Oil Spills: The Amoco Cadiz Case Study, (Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983), pp.
		Import Restraints and Reindustrialization: The Case of the U.S Steel Industry (with Hans Mueller), Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, vol.
	www.uri.edu /research/isiac/dirpub.htm (788 words)

	Those were the days (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		March 18-24: The supertanker Amoco Cadiz finally split in two off the coast of Brittany spilling the last of 220,000 tons of crude oil into the Channel.
		Pollution experts believed the spill was the worst in marine history.
		November 4: Many bakers imposed bread rationing as a bakers' strike led to panic buying.
	www.westmidlands.com /days/1976-2000/1978.html (941 words)

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