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Topic: Amoeboid

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Heterolobosea

Pseudopod

Amoebozoa

Cercozoa

Slime mould

Flagellate

Euglenozoa

Amoeba

Axodine

Rhizaria

Dictyostelid

Foraminifera

Protist

Ciliate

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	Amoeboid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amoeboids are cells that move or feed by means of temporary projections, called pseudopods (false feet).
		Amoeboids may be divided into several morphological categories based on the form and structure of the pseudopods.
		Most amoeboids are now included in two major supergroups - the Amoebozoa, including most lobose amoebae and slime moulds, and the Rhizaria, including the Cercozoa, Foraminifera, radiolarian classes and certain heliozoa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amoeboid (540 words)

	Percolozoa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The amoeboid stage is roughly cylindrical, typically around 20-40 μm in length.
		Usually the amoeboid form is taken when food is plentiful, and the flagellate form is used for rapid locomotion.
		These are superficially similar to the sporangia of the dictyostelids, but the amoebae only aggregate as individuals or in small groups and do not die to form the stalk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heterolobosea (439 words)

	Amoeboid Cells
		Amoeboid cells move or feed using pseudopods, which are temporary projections from their cell walls.
		Amoeboids can be classed in several different categories depending on pseudopod structure: actonopods, rhizopods (divided into lobes, filose, and reticulose amoebae), and the uncategorizable giant marine amoeboids xenophyophores.
		Amoeboids move by allowing their body masses to flow into the pseudopods they form.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Amoeboid_Cells (190 words)

	Wikinfo \| Amoeboid
		Amoeboids that lack axopods are called rhizopods, and are traditionally divided into those with lobose, filose, and reticulose pseudopods.
		Other groups of lobose amoeboids are the entamoebae, which include the pathogen responsible for amoebic dystentery, the pelobionts, which include the giant amoeba and have been considered as a candidate for the most primitive living eukaryotes, and the Heterolobosea, which alternate between amoeboid and flagellate forms.
		Other groups of filose amoeboids are the vampyrellids and nucleariids, small parasites on algae and fungi, and chlorarachniophytes, which have acquired chloroplasts.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Amoeboid (654 words)

	Dr. Thomas M. Roberts - FSU Biological Science Faculty Member
		Amoeboid cell motility plays a vital role in physiological and pathological processes ranging from embryonic development and immunological defense to tumor metastasis.
		MSP filaments pack the locomotory domain of the cell, the pseudopod, where they are arranged into 15-20 distinct meshworks that span from the leading edge to the base of the pseudopod.
		Amoeboid motility without actin: insights into the molecular mechanism of locomotion using the major sperm protein (MSP) of nematodes.
	www.bio.fsu.edu /faculty-robertst.php (721 words)

	Transient expression of transferrin receptors and localisation of iron in amoeboid microglia in postnatal rats. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Transferrin receptors were vigorously expressed in amoeboid microglia in rats ranging from 1 to 10 d of age but were undetectable in older rats.
		Most iron-containing cells were round but their number had diminished by 2 and 3 wk of age, when the iron was localised instead in some branched cells which were identified as either oligodendrocytes or ramified microglia cells.
		It is suggested that the receptors facilitate the acquisition of iron necessitated for various functions of amoeboid microglia in the developing brain.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_7649811.html (248 words)

	Amoeboid Movement
		It is the movement done by changing shape of an entire cell and the cell must not have a rigid cell wall.
		Amoeboid movement shows that individual cells can sense changes in the environment and respond to them by going towards or away from such stimuli.
		Amoeboid locomotion begins with protrusion of a pseudopodium from one end of a cell.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/our_beautiful_bodies/90705 (431 words)

	A Habit of Lies: Chapter 7 - The Wave Model for Capping and Cell Motility
		Lung epithelial tissue is a cell type genetically identical to amoeboid cells from the same organism - the two cell types are merely different developmental forms of the same organism.
		The surface of an amoeboid cell is an excitable structure, that is capable of generating waves.
		Amoeboid cells normally derive from eukaryotic organisms which are diploid, they have two copies of each gene.
	freespace.virgin.net /john.hewitt1/pg_ch07.htm (5701 words)

	Aquarium.Net June 1997 Sponges, out from under the counter...Ronald L. Shimek
		For example, if one of the amoeboid cells is seen secreting a piece of spicule or some protein used in the sponge matrix, that cell can be called a "sclerocyte" which is the name given to all cells secreting skeletal material.
		Gemmules are small clumps of sponge amoeboid cells that are covered with a thick protective proteinaceous coat.
		These gametes are produced by amoeboid cells that have moved into the mesogleal areas where they develop into either sperm or eggs.
	www.reefs.org /library/aquarium_net/0697/0697_1.html (3700 words)

	9.4.3.7
		Embryonic cells in the fetus such as neurons often migrate long distances to their final location by amoeboid movement, after which they become fixed in tissue as sessile cells.
		Amoeboid movement is associated with two properties -- cytoplasmic streaming, and the extension and retraction of pseudopods -- the motive effects of which could be simulated by medical nanorobots using metamorphic exterior surfaces (Section 5.3).
		Figure 9.26, the monopodial amoeboid cell progresses by establishing a series of attachment points or focal contacts with the surface it is traversing.
	www.nanomedicine.com /NMI/9.4.3.7.htm (595 words)

	Transformation of monocytes into amoeboid microglia in the corpus callosum of postnatal rats, as shown by labelling ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The phagocytic amoeboid microglia in the corpus callosum were unlabelled at first, although a few cells of a similar nature in the cavum septi pellucidi did show carbon particles in their cytoplasm.
		At 8 days amoeboid microglia were virtually absent from the corpus callosum but carbon particles now appeared in cells which closely resembled microglia (flattened nucleus, coarse chromatin, scanty cytoplasm at one pole).
		The sequential appearance of carbon particles in monocytes, amoeboid microglia, and microglia, suggests that monocytes transform into microglia by way of an amoeboid microglial stage.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_489472.html (275 words)

	Contribution of Microglia/Macrophages to Expansion of Infarction and Response of Oligodendrocytes After Focal Cerebral ...
		Amoeboid microglia and macrophages accumulating along the border of the evolving infarction.
		A and B, Amoeboid microglia detected by lectin histochemistry (arrowheads in A) in the area surrounding the infarction corresponded to the PCNA-positive cells (arrowheads in B) in the adjacent section at 24 hours after MCA occlusion.
		C and D, Amoeboid microglia detected by lectin histochemistry (arrowheads in C) in a similar area were also immunostained by the anti–IL-1ß antibody in the adjacent section (arrowheads in D).
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/31/7/1735 (5442 words)

	Amoebae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		From comparisons of molecular data and from life history data, it is clear that the amoeboid body form is an adaptive form and that the amoebae are polyphyletic.
		The ramicristates are a major subset of amoeboid organisms distinguished by having branched cristae within the mitochondria.
		The amoeboid body form is widespread among the protists.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Amoebae?acc_id=51 (768 words)

	Amoeboid motion (from muscle) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Amoeboid movement occurs as an extension of the cytoplasm, called a pseudopod (“false foot”), flows outward, deforms the cell boundary, and is followed by the rest of the cell.
		Many pseudopodia may be formed at the same time, and their actions do not seem to be coordinated.
		Although amoeboid motion is characteristic of the amoeba, a unicellular protozoan, it is also found…
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-58932 (788 words)

	Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement -- ...
		Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement -- Friedl et al.
		Amoeboid leukocyte crawling through extracellular matrix: lessons from the Dictyostelium paradigm of cell movement
		of amoeboid movement in leukocytes and the implications for
	www.jleukbio.org /cgi/content/abstract/70/4/491 (492 words)

	A Habit of Lies: Chapter 3 - Observations on Cells to be Explained
		Many of the cells in multicellular organisms, including many important human cell types, are amoeboid in form, white blood cells for example.
		Other human cell types are similar, even if not amoeboid, for example, nerve cells have amoeboid regions on them.
		Some proteins may be unique to liver cells, some to nerve cells etc. At the same time, most proteins are the same from one cell type to another, for example, human actin in one cell type is much the same as in another.
	freespace.virgin.net /john.hewitt1/pg_ch03.htm (1954 words)

	Freshwater invertebrates
		Part of the currently accepted model for amoeboid motion is the transformation of the gel-like state of the ectoplasm to the more fluid state of the endoplasm during cytoplasmic movements.
		To describe how amoeboid motion takes place, two models have been proposed, one of which is relatively recent.
		While relatively few organisms use amoeboid motion for locomotion, many organisms rely on the process for specific tissue functions or at specific stages.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/invertebrates.html#chaos (1382 words)

	The Biological Bulletin: Amoeboid motility without actin: insights into the molecular mechanism of locomotion using the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Biological Bulletin: Amoeboid motility without actin: insights into the molecular mechanism of locomotion using the major sperm protein (MSP) of nematodes.
		The amoeboid cell motility of the nematode sperm cytoskeleton was studied in terms of the 14-kD major sperm protein (MSP) rather than on actin.
		The locomotive system was believed to be produced by the vectorial assembly of MSP filaments and their bundled arrangement into macrofibers with the absence of motor proteins.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:20998352&refid=holomed_1 (257 words)

	Amoeboid shape change and contact guidance: T-lymphocyte crawling through fibrillar collagen is independent of matrix ...
		Amoeboid shape change and contact guidance: T-lymphocyte crawling through fibrillar collagen is independent of matrix remodeling by MMPs and other proteases -- Wolf et al.
		Amoeboid shape change and contact guidance: T-lymphocyte crawling through fibrillar collagen is independent of matrix remodeling by MMPs and other proteases
		Amoeboid T-cell migration, physical cell-fiber interaction, and contact guidance within 3D collagen matrix in the absence or presence of protease inhibitor cocktail.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/102/9/3262 (5646 words)

	AnimalPhylogeny2
		Locomotion simply seems to be the result of the aggregate amoeboid locomotion of the individual cells.
		Although we don't know of an existing case where just these more primitive capabilities are used to control locomotory waves, it is plausible to hypothesize that they were used by primitive multicellular animals before the evolution of nervous systems.
		As the mechanisms for pedal locomotory waves were improved by further evolution, one of the improvements may have been the development of contraction capability perpendicular to the longitudinal muscles.
	www.cco.caltech.edu /~brokawc/Bi11/AnimalPhylogeny2.html (4056 words)

	Applied and Environmental Microbiology
		Pfiesteria piscicida has a complex life cycle that includes at least 24 flagellated, amoeboid, and encysted stages or forms.
		Both flagellated and amoeboid forms are known to be toxic to fish.
		Recent research has demonstrated that the Pfiesteria toxin is a polyketide, closely related to pederin produced by the Pseudomonad symbionts of terrestrial Staphalynid beetles
	www.auburn.edu /academic/classes/biol/4600/dale/AEM17_files/slide0005.htm (108 words)

	amoeboid motion and the change from sol form to gel form:
		Subject: amoeboid motion and the change from sol form to gel form:
		You know how Amoeboid motion requires the conversion of the cytoplasm from the sol form to a gel at the leading edge of the pseudopodium, and from gel to sol at the trailing edge of the cell, well how does this conversion occur and what are the mechansims involved in the conversion?
		Re: amoeboid motion and the change from sol form to gel form:
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/2003-10/1066673289.Cb.q.html (134 words)

	Structural basis for amoeboid motility in nematode sperm - Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
		email: MS@MRC-LMB.CAM.AC.UK Cell locomotion in amoeboid nematode sperm is generated by the vectorial assembly and bundling of filaments of the major sperm protein (MSP).
		MSP filaments are constructed from two helical subfilaments and here we describe the structure of putative MSP subfilament helices determined by X-ray crystallography at 3.3 Å resolution.
		In addition to establishing the interfaces involved in polymerization, this structural model shows that the MSP helices are constructed from dimers and have no overall polarity, suggesting that it is unlikely that molecular motors play a direct role in the generation of protrusive force in these amoeboid cells.
	www.nature.com /nsmb/journal/v5/n3/abs/nsb0398-184.html (179 words)

	Dr. Stanley Shostak
		In retrospect, this answer is not surprising, since asexual reproduction is a phenomenon of epithelia, while sexual reproduction is a phenomenon of amoeboid cells.
		Epithelial cells alone give rise to epithelia and muscle, while amoeboid cells (also known as interstitial cells) alone give rise to cnidocytes (the sources of cnidocysts), nerve, sensory cells as well as egg and sperm.
		I suggest, therefore, that epithelia and amoeboid cells in Cnidaria have separate origins: the epithelia being derived from an exclusively epithelial ancestor, possibly resembling extant Tricoplax; the amoeboid cells being derived from one or more parasitic protoctistan, possibly resembling extant members of the Microsporidia.
	www.pitt.edu /~biohome/Dept/Frame/Faculty/shostak.htm (733 words)

	Thomas M. Roberts
		Click on the micrographs for information about individuals in the lab and their projects.
		Mechanisms of amoeboid motility, structure-function relationships of cytoskeletalproteins, signal transduction in motile systems.
		Reconstitution in vitro of the motile apparatus from the amoeboid sperm of Ascaris: direct evidence that filament assembly and bundling move membranes.
	bio.fsu.edu /roberts (613 words)

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