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	p'u-k'ung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amoghavajra (705-774) (in Chinese Pukong/P'u-k'ung) was a prolific translator who became one of the most politically powerful Buddhist monks in Chinese history, acknowledged as one of the eight patriarchs of the doctrine 傅授八祖 in Shingon lineages.
		Amoghavajra was captured in general An Lushan's 安祿山 rebellion but in 757 was freed by loyalist forces, whereupon he performed rites to purify the capital and consolidate the security of the Tang state.
		In 765, Amoghavajra used his new rendition of the Scripture for Humane Kings 仁王經 (T 246) in an elaborate ritual to counter the advance of a 200,000-strong army of Tibetans and Uighurs which was poised to invade Changan 長安.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /P'u-k'ung.html (504 words)

	Amoghavajra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amoghavajra (705-774) (in Chinese 不空; Pukong/P'u-k'ung) was a prolific translator who became one of the most politically powerful Buddhist monks in Chinese history, acknowledged as one of the eight patriarchs of the doctrine in Shingon lineages.
		Amoghavajra was captured in general An Lushan's rebellion but in 757 was freed by loyalist forces, whereupon he performed rites to purify the capital and consolidate the security of the Tang state.
		In 765, Amoghavajra used his new rendition of the Scripture for Humane Kings in an elaborate ritual to counter the advance of a 200,000-strong army of Tibetans and Uyghurs which was poised to invade Changan.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Amoghavajra.htm (483 words)

	Amoghavajra -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amoghavajra was captured in general (Click link for more info and facts about An Lushan) An Lushan's rebellion but in 757 was freed by loyalist forces, whereupon he performed rites to purify the capital and consolidate the security of the Tang state.
		Wutai was completed in 767, a pet project of Amoghavajra's, and one of his many efforts to promote the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī; as the protector of China.
		Seventy-seven texts were translated by Amoghavajra according to his own account, though many more, including original compositions, are ascribed to him in the Chinese canons.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/am/amoghavajra.htm (364 words)

	Amoghavajra History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amoghavajra was both friend and teacher to Daizong; under his patronage he established a Vajrayana headquarters on Mount Wutai and instituted a variety of public rites for the welfare of the emperor and the state.
		Amoghavajra's public preeminence is chronicled in a collection of his memorials to the throne and other documents, the Biaozhiji (T.D. no. 2120), assembled by his disciple Yuanzhao.
		Indeed, it was either Amoghavajra or his immediate disciples who paired the teachings and the maṇḍalas of the two texts, a pairing that marks Zhenyan and its Japanese offspring, Shingon, as a distinctive branch of the Vajrayāna.
	www.bookrags.com /history/religion/amoghavajra-eorl-01.html (689 words)

	Manjusri - Origins, Role and Significance
		Amoghavajra is perhaps best known for his part in the introduction of the Yoga Tantras into China.
		As we have seen, it was Amoghavajra who was responsible for finishing the construction of golden pavilion monastery (chin-ko ssu) by obtaining a grant from the emperor tai-tsung in 766 ce.
		it appears that amoghavajra, through the patronage of the emperor, was able transform mañju'srii from being the bodhisattva resident at wu-t'ai shan to also being, remarkably, a national protector.
	www.westernbuddhistreview.com /vol1/manjusri.html (9632 words)

	Sounding Circle: A Milestone in the History of Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nagarjuna passed the esoteric lineage to Nagabodhi, Nagabodhi to Vajrabodhi, and Vajrabodhi to Amoghavajra.
		Amoghavajra passed the lineage to Huiguo in China.
		Who knew the true lineage of Buddhadharma, which is with the holder of Mahavairocana, from Nagarjuna to Amoghavajra, has continued in China as Hanmi Buddhism.
	soundingcircle.com /newslog2.php/__show_article/_a000195-000331.htm (602 words)

	Vajrabodhi History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although the doctrines of the Yoga Tantras were known to Śubhāka-rasiṃha, Vajrabodhi was the first translator and systematic teacher in China of the Sarvatathagatatattvasamgraha and of Vajrayāna as practiced in South India and in Srivijaya.
		Second, Vajrabodhi reinforced the presence and visibility of the Vajrayana at the Chinese court, a presence that, under his disciple Amoghavajra, would become the dominant force in the court during the second half of the eighth century.
		Zhou Yi Liang provides a copiously annotated translation of the standard biographies of Vajrabodhi, Subhakarasimha, and Amoghavajra in his "Tantrism in China," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 8 (March 1945): 241–332.
	www.bookrags.com /history/religion/vajrabodhi-eorl-14 (426 words)

	Notes
		Amoghavajra (705-774) was born in Samarkand at the western extreme of the Silk Road, to an Indian father and a Sogdian mother.
		In 741 all Buddhist monks were expelled from China and Amoghavajra, together with colleagues, left to tour the Buddhist world, visiting Sri Lanka, India and Indonesia.
		The Japanese monk Kukai, born in the year of Amoghavajra's death, studied with one of his students and recieved the transmission of the teachings to carry back to Japan.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /~div356/Buddhism/notes.html (1783 words)

	Shingon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Shingon arose in Japan's Heian period (794-1185) when the monk Kûkai went to China from 804 to 806 to study esoteric Buddhism.
		There he was pronounced the eighth patriarch of esoteric Buddhism by the Indian monk and founder of Chinese Chen-yen (True Word) Buddhism, Amoghavajra.
		He developed his own synthesis of esoteric practice and doctrine, centered on the cosmic Buddha Vairocana.
	yomee.com /10/Buddhism/Shingon.htm (83 words)

	Introduction...
		Professor Duan Wenjie has provided important information in his article on the Dunhuang art during the second half of Tang Dynasty that Gunabhadra (394-468) and Amoghavajra (705-774) visited the Dunhuang area during their sojourns in China.
		His guru, Vajrabodhi (660-731), was an Indian monk and a great Tantric master who ordained Amoghavajra into monkhood in Luoyang in 724.
		After the death of his guru, he was sent to India with thirty-seven Chinese disciples to pursue further studies in Tantrism.
	www.ignca.nic.in /ks_19007.htm (3855 words)

	- Mandala of Vajradhatu
		Lokesh Chandra, who has studied the twenty-four mandalas described in the STTS, notes that the Vajradhatu was one of the earliest mandalas to appear in Tibet during the Chidar (the Later Diffusion); some of its mandalas appeared in the main temple at Tabo (dated ca.
		The iconographically similar Diamond World mandalas, commonly seen in Esoteric Japanese Buddhism, also stem from the STTS, which was translated into Japanese by Amoghavajra (705-774).
		This mandala is meant to convey Vairochana's sambhogakaya (Body of Perfect Rapture), said to be characterized by radiance and emptiness (shunyata), a state directly perceptible only to advanced tenth-level bodhisattvas.
	www.asianart.com /exhibitions/svision/i45.html (844 words)

	Dhyani Buddha Ratnasambhava
		The cult of the Eight Bodhisattvas originated in India during the early days of Mahayana Buddhism and was particularly popular in Central Asia and Tibet.
		One of the earliest texts to describe the rituals and iconography of this cult is the Ashtamandalakasutra, translated into Chinese by Amoghavajra.
		The Eight Bodhisattvas representing the eight directions were worshipped largely for mundane favors and for protection from disease, famine, and war.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /product/ZE99 (359 words)

	Guhyasamāja History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The earliest datable reference to the Tantra is in a text written by Amoghavajra, a Sogdian monk active in China, namely his Index of the Vajraśekhara Sūtra Yoga in Eighteen Sections (Jin-gang-ding yu-qie shi-ba-hui zhi-gui, T. 869), which he composed during the mid-eighth century.
		In it, Amoghavajra lists a text called the Guhyasamāja Yoga (mi-mi-hui yu-qie), his description of which is clearly identifiable with portions of the Tantra.
		A detailed study of Amoghavajra's text that contains the earliest reference to the Guhyasamāja.
	www.bookrags.com /history/religion/guhyasamja-eorl-06 (1016 words)

	Indiaclub.com Search Results - ProductID: 14884 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was transliterated into Chinese eight times over a span of eight enturies: from the 7 th to the 14 th century.
		The present edition is not only a reconstruction of the original Sanskrit text of the hymn, but a detailed study with the texts of Bhagavad-dharma Amoghavajra, Vajrabodhi and Chih-t’ung in Chinese characters.
		Amoghavajra’s version indicates the connection of the Thousand-armed Thousand-eyed Avalokitesvara with the security of the State.
	www.indiaclub.com /shop/searchresults.asp?prodstock=14884 (572 words)

	The Ideals of the East: The Heian Period: 800 to 900 A.D.
		We have seen that the introduction of the Mikkio doctrine into China dates from Vajrabodhi, who came to that land in 719, translated a sûtra on the Yoga, and was followed by Amoghavajra, bringing further knowledge on his return from India in 746.
		Its introduction into Japan dates similarly from Kukai, who was taught by Keika, the disciple of Amoghavajra.
		These teachers were considered to have magical powers, and were held in great reverence, and Kukai, one of the greatest figures in Japanese Buddhism, is supposed to be still sitting in meditation on Mount Koya, where he entered into Samadhi in 833, as a yogi.
	www.sacred-texts.com /shi/ioe/ioe10.htm (1548 words)

	Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism: True Word school
		The True Word school maintains that Esoteric Buddhism was transmitted from Mahavairochana Buddha to Vajrasattva, and then down through Nagarjuna, Nagabodhi, Chin-kang-chih (Skt Vajrabodhi), Pu-k'ung (Amoghavajra), Hui-kuo, and finally to Kobo.
		The school also lists eight patriarchs who upheld Esoteric Buddhism: Nagarjuna and Nagabodhi who spread it in India; Chin-kang-chih, Pu-k'ung, and Shan-wu-wei (Shubhakarasimha) who introduced and established it in China; I-hsing and Hui-kuo who propagated it in China; and Kobo who brought it to Japan and founded the True Word school there.
		In 720 Vajrabodhi (Chin-kang-chih) and Amoghavajra (Pu-k'ung) also came from India to Lo-yang in China and introduced more of Esoteric Buddhism.
	www.sgi-usa.org /buddhism/library/sgdb/lexicon.cgi?tid=1294 (406 words)

	Esoteric Buddhism Tantric Buddhism
		The Japanese Tantric Buddhism, Shingon, came from Tang Dynasty of China.
		Shingon, which means mantra, was established by Kukai, or Kobo Daishi, who journeyed to China to study under Master Huigo, a student of Amoghavajra.
		The Chinese Tantric Buddhism, Hanmi Buddhism, was established from 712 to 720 A.D. by Subhakarasimha, Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra.
	www.mahavairocana.org /esoteric-buddhism.htm (211 words)

	¡mª÷èÁI¥@¬É¡nThe World of Jin-Gang-Dhyana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Starting from the two Jin Dynasties of ancient China, practising esoteric monks began entering China over land and across the sea to transmit esoteric teachings.
		Later during the Tang Dynasty, Subhakarasimha, Vajrabodhi, Amoghavajra, and Yi-Xing, sponsored by Tang imperial court, officially established the Esoteric Buddhist tradition, and started giving initiations and dissemination of esoteric dharma.
		But ultimately, due to various restrictions from the changing tides of traditional Chinese thinking, official Esoteric Buddhism dwindled and disappeared from the public view.
	www.jingangdhyanaincnet.org /e3/e3014.html (420 words)

	The Diamond Perfection of Wisdom Sutra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The T'ang Dynasty Esoteric School, an important school of Mahayana Buddhism, originated in India and was introduced to China by the three Mahasattvas – Subhakarasimha, Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra in the Flourishing Kai Yuan Period (A.D. 713—741) of the T'ang Dynasty.
		Master Amoghavajra, a famous translator in the history of Buddhism, made significant contributions to the promotion of cultural exchange between China and India; and as National Master, he played an active role in suppressing rebellions and creating prosperous and stable economy for the country.
		The Japanese monk, Master Kukai, who had come to study in China received the Dharma lineage of the school from the Seventh Patriarch Hui Guo; on returning to Japan he spread the Chinese Culture.
	www.tangmi.com /asd/English_tangmi2.htm (438 words)

	Chen-yen (from Buddhism) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Subhakarasimha arrived in China from the famous Indian centre of learning at Nalanda in 716, and he translated into Chinese the Mahavairocana-sutra and a closely related ritual compendium known as the Susiddhikara.
		Vajrabodhi and his disciple Amoghavajra arrived in 720 and produced two abridged translations of the Sarvatathagatatattvasamgraha (“Symposium of Truth of All the Buddhas”), also known as the Tattvasamgraha.
		The Tattvasamgraha and the Mahavairocana-sutra became the two basic Chen-yen texts.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-68740 (967 words)

	Chen-yen (from Buddhism) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The major systems and their literature > Esoteric Buddhism > Esoteric traditions in China and Japan > Chen-yen
		According to the Chen-yen tradition, developed and systematized forms of the Esoteric tradition were first brought from India to China by three missionary monks: Subhakarasimha, Vajrabodhi, and Amoghavajra.
		Subhakarasimha arrived in China from the famous Indian centre of learning at Nalanda in 716, and he translated into Chinese the Mahavairocana-sutra and a closely related…
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-68740?tocId=68740 (757 words)

	Harmonious Balance Incense Information
		One sutra gives Clove, Sandalwood, Aloeswood, Frankincense, Borneol, Mustard seeds, and Nutmeg as a mixture to use.
		Incense sticks were used as clocks in China even before the famous "Incense Clocks" and "Incense Seals." Esoteric monks Subhakarasimha, Vajrabodhi, and Amoghavajra introduced Incense Seals (Hsiang yin) into China around the 8th century.
		The predecessor of the seals is believed to be the "Seal of Avalokitesvara." (often called Kwan Yin or Kannon) These seals became time measurement instruments or incense clocks in both China and Japan.
	www.harmoniousbalance.com /IncenseInfo.htm (853 words)

	Sonae-koh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Incense Seals (Hsiang yin) were introduced into China around the 8th century by Esoteric monks Subhakarasimha, Vajrabodhi, and Amoghavajra.
		The predecessor of the seals is believed to be the "Seal of Avalokitesvara." (often called Kwan yin or Kannon)
		Complete Bowls and Kits can be purchased at many of our
	www.kaihan.com /sonaekoh.htm (423 words)

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