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Topic: Amorphous carbon

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	Learn more about Carbon in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carbon occurs in all organic life and is the basis of organic chemistry.
		Carbon is a vital component of all known living systems, and without it life as we know it could not exist (see carbon chauvinism).
		The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by living things, and a common volatile elsewhere.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ca/carbon.html (1685 words)

	Articles - Amorphous carbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amorphous carbon is the name used for carbon that does not have any crystalline structure.
		While entirely amorphous carbon can be made, most of the material described as "amorphous" actually contains crystallites of graphite [1] or diamond [2] with varying amounts of amorphous carbon holding them together, making them technically polycrystalline or nanocrystalline materials.
		In technical terms, true amorphous carbon has localized Ï€ electrons (as opposed to the aromatic Ï€ bonds in graphite), and its bonds form with lengths and distances that are inconsistent with any other allotrope of carbon.
	www.oldion.com /articles/Amorphous_carbon (281 words)

	Patent 5406576: High power ion laser tube having discharge portion of amorphous carbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The amorphous carbon disk 1 is a circular disk having diameter of 30 mm and thickness of 5 mm.
		The amorphous carbon layer 16 is formed by painting the entire surface of the graphite disk 15 with carbon powder paste dissolved in an organic solvent of aliphatic chlorine and then sintering it at 1200.degree.
		The thickness of the amorphous carbon layer thus obtained on the surface of the graphite disk 15 is in the order of 1 to 2.mu.m and amorphous carbon is diffused into the graphite disk by a depth in the order of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5406576.html (1570 words)

	Amorphous carbon covered member - US Patent 6821624 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The amorphous carbon covered member as claimed in claim 1 wherein said substrate is at least one of ceramics, iron-base alloys, aluminum alloys, iron-base sintered materials, cemented carbides of tungsten carbide-base metals, diamond sintered materials, and cubic boron nitride sintered materials.
		an amorphous carbon film farmed on said interlayer; and said interlayer is formed simultaneously with etching of said surface of said substrate by applying a negative bias voltage to said substrate in presence of at least ions of an element firming said interlayer.
		During formation of the amorphous carbon film, or at least during the initial period of its formation, an interlayer of a metallic carbide can be formed by irradiating the surface of the metallic interlayer with high-energy carbon ions to carbonize the metallic interlayer.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6821624.html (7468 words)

	Electrochemistry Encyclopedia --- Electrochemical uses of carbon
		One explanation for the inability of hard carbons to form a graphitic structure by heat treatment is the presence of strong crosslinking bonds which impede movement and re-orientation of the carbon atoms to form the ordered layer structure of graphite.
		Carbon powders such as acetylene fl and graphite are commonly used to enhance the conductivity of the positive electrodes in alkaline batteries.
		Carbon fl is used in plastics because it imparts ultra-violet protection, enhanced conductivity, and reinforcement to the structure.
	electrochem.cwru.edu /ed/encycl/art-c01-carbon.htm (4369 words)

	Amorphous Carbon Thin Films
		Amorphous and nanostructured carbon and carbon nitride thin films are grown from ECR plasma decomposition of acetylene.
		The relationship between the nanostructure (clustering of sp2-hybridized C atoms) and the electronic properties is investigated, with particular emphasis on electrical transport and optical properties.
		The early studies of nitrogen incorporation into amorphous carbon (a-C) thin films were mainly performed to improve the tribological properties of magnetic hard disk coatings.
	www.lpicm.polytechnique.fr /carbon/amorphous.html (813 words)

	Scheda Eventi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The aim of this Meeting is to give the opportunity to researchers of the amorphous carbon community working both on fundamental physics and technological applications to discuss the main topics in the field and draw the research headlines for the community in the following couple of years.
		Although much research effort has been spent in understanding the fundamental properties of amorphous carbon films, progress in terms of an overall understanding of the structure of these films and how the structure relates to its macroscopic properties is still not complete.
		The general aim of SMAC 2004 is to review the advancement of the research in the field of amorphous carbon, to examine the various applications in which amorphous carbon is used as both an active and passive element and provide a forum for open discussions about the various items.
	www.itc.it /Modules/Events/schedaEvents.aspx?id=25&targetID=111 (205 words)

	Consolidated amorphous carbon materials, their manufacture and use patent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Because carbon particles cannot consolidate under normal conditions, it is thought necessary to either apply high pressure or some kind of binder to keep the carbon particles in contact in order to form an electrode.
		Carbon reinforced with graphite fibers is a relatively new material that has found broad uses in lightweight structural material, sporting equipment, such as bicycle frames, golf clubs and tennis racquets, and by NASA for use in space vehicles such as the shuttle.
		Carbon source material can be selected based on any combination of properties such as available surface area, particle size distribution, and conductivity to produce material with optimal properties for the specific application desired.
	www.freshpatents.com /Consolidated-amorphous-carbon-materials-their-manufacture-and-use-dt20050224ptan20050040036.php (2835 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Carbon
		Carbon is most commonly obtained from coal deposits, although it usually must be processed into a form suitable for commercial use.
		Amorphous carbon is formed when a material containing carbon is burned without enough oxygen for it to burn completely.
		Carbon-14, a radioactive isotope of carbon with a half-life of 5,730 years, is used to find the age of formerly living things through a process known as radiocarbon dating.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele006.html (706 words)

	Diamond-Like Carbon, DLC, Amorphous Carbon, Diamond Like Carbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Diamond-like carbon is the coating of choice for laser image-based data collection and sensor device windows, including flat bed scanners, galvanometer sensor domes, and other abrasion resistant optical applications.
		Diamond-like carbon is the state of the art coating for anti-galling and mechanical wear protection in high value devices.
		Diamond-like carbon, sometimes referred to as DLC or diamond coating, is an amorphous carbon thin film coating and is essentially elemental carbon.
	www.coattech.com /amorphous_carbon.html (227 words)

	Computational study of structures of diamond and amorphous carbon under extreme heating and cooling
		Carbon is unique among the elements in its ability to form strong chemical bonds with a variety of coordination numbers, including two (e.g.
		In amorphous structures, the bond length, the number of nearest neighbor atoms, and the angle between adjacent bonds are close to those in crystalline structures.
		The structure of the amorphous heated layers depends very strongly on temperature, size of hot layers and structure of initial amorphous sample (in the cases, where the frozen layers are amorphous).
	phycomp.technion.ac.il /~anastasy/teza/teza/teza.html (661 words)

	Patent 4768072: Multilayer semiconductor device having an amorphous carbon and silicon layer
		Amorphous layers are formed by a plasma CVD method using mixtures of monosilane gas and acetylene or tetrafluorocarbon gas at a pressure of 10 Torr with an applied voltage of 400-800 volts providing increased band gaps and higher resistivity to reduce current leakage.
		In addition, since the mobility band gap is inherent in the hydrogenated undoped amorphous silicon, the magnitude of the energy barrier at the heterojunction between the single crystal silicon and the hydrogenated undoped amorphous silicon is substantially fixed.
		With an amorphous silicon carbide film as produced under the conditions described above, the mobility band gap is enlarged as compared with that obtained with an undoped amorphous silicon film used for conventional detectors and higher resistivity is provided.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4768072.html (1491 words)

	Amorphous carbon Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amorphous carbon is the name used for carbon that does not have any clear shape, form or crystalline structure.
		This means that amorphous carbon is not a separate allotrope of carbon, because the carbon it contains is in graphite form.
		Coal and soot are both examples of amorphous carbon.
	www.articleshead.com /show_article/amorphous-carbon (178 words)

	BDG Graphite and Carbon Fibers
		Instead of the planar layers of carbon atoms which are found in graphite, carbon fibers consist of ribbons of carbon atoms aligned parallel to the axis of the fibers.
		Carbon fibers are also stabilized by resonance, but because the structure is irregular, the effect is not as extensive.
		Although the crystalline forms of carbon (diamond, buckyball, and graphite) are often in the limelight, amorphous carbon materials cannot be overlooked.
	www.chem.wisc.edu /~newtrad/CurrRef/BDGTopic/BDGtext/BDGGraph.html (3278 words)

	Product Category Results
		Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Lasers (38 companies) Carbon dioxide (CO) lasers use the energy-state transitions between vibrational and rotational states of CO molecules to emit at long IR, about 10 µm, wavelengths.
		Carbon and Graphite (57 companies) Carbon and graphite include materials such as vitreous carbon, pyrolytic graphite, hexagonal graphite and diamond.
		Carbon Steels and Alloy Steels (51 companies) Carbon and alloy steels are ferrous alloys based on iron, carbon and other alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, molybdenum and nickel.
	www.globalspec.com /ProductFinder/FindProducts?query=amorphous+carbon (531 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Amorphous structures have a the high degree of short range order and an absence of long range order.
		This ratio is strongly affected by the way the amorphous solid is prepared and depends on temperature and pressure.
		For the a-C structure the first peak of the radial distribution function g(r) is centered near the graphite bond length (1.42 A) and is broad enough to include the diamond bond length (1.54 A).
	phycomp.technion.ac.il /~anastasy/amorphous.html (115 words)

	Search Results for amorphous carbon - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Elemental carbon is best considered in terms of its several crystalline forms—diamond, graphite, and “amorphous carbon”—since the widely different properties of these three substances require...
		The crystal structure of diamond is an infinite three-dimensional array of carbon atoms, each of which forms a structure in which each of the bonds makes equal angles with its neighbours.
		Carbon as diamond, for example, is the most expensive and brilliant of all the natural gemstones and also the hardest of...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=amorphous+carbon (631 words)

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		C NMR spectroscopy of amorphous hydrogenated carbon and amorphous hydrogenated carbon nitride grown at various substrate temperatures
		C NMR spectra of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) and amorphous hydrogenated carbon nitride (a-C:N:H) grown at various substrate temperatures.
		bound carbon narrows with increasing substrate temperature due to a decrease in hydrogen-rich regions.
	www.eng.auburn.edu /ADC-FCT2001/ADCFCTabstract/abs_feldman.htm (316 words)

	Tight-binding molecular-dynamics study of amorphous carbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The structural and electronic properties of amorphous carbon are studied with tight- binding molecular-dynamics simulations.
		An amorphous carbon structure with 216 atoms obtained from our simulation gives a structure factor S(Q) in very good agreement with the results of neutron scattering from a sputtered a-C sample.
		We found that the amorphous structure consists of graphitelike fragments embedded in a matrix of both twofold and fourfold coordinated atoms.
	cmp.ameslab.gov /cmp/Abstracts/ho_45.html (88 words)

	Carbon Fibers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mikael - the world is full of surprises; the amorphous (glassy) nature of these carbon fibers was not expected from literature report on similar materials from other manufactures - it would be interesting to know if this correlates with strength properties.
		The XRD diagrams of these carbon fibers do not show any large peaks that would support the presence of highly organized crystalline structure; instead the large broad humps indicates that its structure is amorphous.
		After all, the raw product for the carbon fibers is PAN or pitch, which consist of large hydrocarbon chains, and it is too optimistic to think that the carbon atoms will rearrange themselves into perfect sheets of aromatic carbon rings during manufacturing.
	www.arrhenius.ucsd.edu /miakel/Miakel_B.html (1778 words)

	Flourinated amorphous carbon (ta-C:F) — II. Institute of Physics
		Fluorinated amorphous carbon (a-C:F) with its low dielectric constant is a promising candidate for the use as intermetal dielectric in future generations of ultra large scale integrated circuits (ULSI).
		The effect of incorporation of variable amounts of F in ta-C films on the film density, the sp3 bond fraction, the evolution of compressive stress, the optical and electrical properties as well as the thermal stability has been investigated.
		Furthermore, the microscopic environments of the carbon and fluorine atoms have been analyzed in order to correlate them to the film properties.
	physik2.uni-goettingen.de /zope/faculty/4_ronning/crresearch/acf (797 words)

	Structure of Amorphous Carbon / Diamond Interface Deposited by High Energy Carbon Ion Bombardment
		In the present work, we investigated the formation of amorphous carbon by molecular dynamic simulation using Tersoff's empirical potential.
		For the deposition of amorphous carbon, we used the neutral carbon atoms of high kinetic energy, bombarded on the diamond (100) surface.
		This simulation is similar to the experimental condition to obtain tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films using filtered catholic arc process.
	www.foresight.org /Conferences/MNT10/Abstracts/Lee2/index.html (364 words)

	Glass is a solid(Gerald L. Hurst, Richard A. Schumacher)
		Never having been a liquid, the carbon cannot qualify as a "super-cooled liquid" but it is most certainly amorphous in the widely accepted sense.
		The term "amorphous solid" is oxymoronic only to the extent that it contradicts your naive notion that a material may not be simultaneously solid and have a limited range of crystalline order.
		The most interesting amorphous phase is one made by fast neutron bombardment of just about any kind of solid SiO2; it is less dense than conventional quartz but is said to be about 2.6 percent denser than ordinary vitreous silica.
	yarchive.net /chem/glass.html (11027 words)

	U.S. Pregrant 20040016928 - AMORPHOUS CARBON INSULATION AND CARBON NANOTUBE WIRES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An apparatus includes a carbon nanotube coupled with a first device and a second device of an integrated circuit, wherein electrons can flow between the first device and the second device along the carbon nanotube.
		The doped amorphous carbon is planarizing and patterned to form a trench.
		The carbon based precursor material is converted into the carbon nanotube, wherein the carbon nanotube connects the first device with the second device.
	cxp.paterra.com /uspregrant20040016928.html (168 words)

	Development Of Cold Cathode Materials For Field Emission Displays
		We also wish to investigate the low temperature growth of carbon nanotubes and the subsequent use in as a field emission cathode.
		Conditioning of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films for field emission via current stressing’, J.D. Carey and S.R.P. Silva, Appl.
		Electron delocalisation in amorphous carbon by ion implantation’, R.U.A. Khan, J.D. Carey, S.R.P. Silva, B.J. Jones and R.C. Barklie, Phys.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Personal/D.Carey/page1.htm (940 words)

	Portfolio Partnership - University of Surrey
		Various types of amorphous carbon (a-C) are produced by using several deposition techniques.
		It is known that the properties of a-C can vary widely, for instance, simply by changing the sp2/sp3 ratio to give, optical band gaps from 0 to 5 eV without the incorporation other materials.
		However, the mobility of amorphous carbon is low, compared with that of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si).
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Research/PortfolioPartnership/NanoProjects/project1.htm (112 words)

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