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Topic: Amotivational syndrome

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	Erowid Psychoactive Vaults
		Amotivational Syndrome It has sometimes been observed that when a young person starts smoking marijuana there are systematic changes in that person's lifestyle, ambitions, motivation, and possibly personality.
		It does not appear as though the amotivational syndrome is all that common among marijuana smokers.
		Since most reports of the amotivational syndrome originated in the sixties in North America, what they seem to describe is a tendency for college students to 'drop out' and assume a lifestyle that rejects traditional achievement motivations of their parents' generation.
	www.erowid.org /plants/cannabis/cannabis_myth17.shtml (807 words)

	CYT Cannabis Youth Treatment Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A commonly noted effect of chronic marijuana use is amotivational syndrome, characterized by apathy, decreased attention span, poor judgment, diminished capacity to carry out long-term plans, social with-drawal, and a preoccupation with acquiring marijuana (Cohen, 1980, 1981; Schwartz, 1987).
		Amotivational syndrome is attributed to heavy cannabis use and has been observed in adolescents (Schwartz, 1987).
		Whether amotivational syndrome is a primary or a secondary diagnosis in subpopulations of marijuana abusers has not yet been resolved.
	www.health.org /govpubs/bkd384/intro.aspx (1225 words)

	Cannabis Amotivational Syndrome by Dr. Peter L. Nelson
		This appears to suggest that 'amotivational syndrome' is not inevitable amongst a normal college population of marijuana smokers and the syndrome, if it exists, may be associated with heavy use only.
		Another interpretation of the symptoms of 'amotivational syndrome' offered by some researchers is that it may be a facilitated depressive disorder which is brought to the fore by chronic, heavy cannabis use in a minority of pre-disposed individuals.
		It is thus possible that the apparent memory deficits associated with 'amotivational syndrome' seen in individuals intoxicated with THC and, who are being required to perform and attend to verbal, temporal, logico-deductive activities, are the result of 'time-sharing' between the two states of 'reflected' and 'unreflected' consciousness.
	www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/hemp/medical/canb1.htm (5769 words)

	KQED \| You Decide: Marijuana Legalization
		Researchers, concerned with the apathy that seems to be associated with marijuana use, have identified two medical terms which codify the symptoms of prolonged marijuana use: chronic cannabis intoxication and amotivational syndrome.
		Amotivational syndrome, according to researchers, is seen most often in heavy marijuana users.
		In addition, argue some experts, the correlation of marijuana use with amotivational syndrome is not proof of causation.
	kqed.org /topics/news/perspectives/youdecide/pop/marijuana/2yes.html (499 words)

	KQED \| You Decide: Marijuana Legalization
		Amotivational Syndrome is a collection of symptoms, defined as "apathy, loss of effectiveness, and diminished capacity or willingness to carry out complex, long-term plans, endure frustration, concentrate for long periods, follow routines, or successfully master new material.
		Although some opponents of marijuana legalization argue that the drug is a leading cause of amotivational syndrome, many others argue that the scientific evidence does not support that claim.
		Others argue that the symptoms of amotivational syndrome are not common among marijuana smokers.
	www.kqed.org /topics/news/perspectives/youdecide/pop/marijuana/2no.html (566 words)

	Marijuana Use and College Students
		Amotivational syndrome depends, in part, on an individual's genetics, the frequency that they use marijuana, and the amount of THC in the marijuana.
		In amotivational syndrome an individual basically decreases the frequency of doing things that need to be done, but that they don't particularly like to do.
		Amotivational syndrome not only can create problems in grades and time to degree, but also can create difficulty with financial aid money because of rules and regulations regarding GPA and credits earned.
	www.selfcounseling.com /help/alcohol/marijuana.html (575 words)

	Amotivational Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Amotivational Syndrome is the term given to the tranquilizing effect of marijuana on its users, particularly adolescent users.
		Peter Nelson suggests that amotivational syndrome may actually be a predisposition towards a 'flow' state of mind, rather than a purely physiological effect.
		Not only is cognitive functioning adversely affected, extensive use may lead to permenant impairment, in which the amotivational syndrome becomes permanent, and not merely present while the individual is under marijuana's influence.
	www.umm.maine.edu /resources/beharchive/beh450/SethBrown/Amotsyn.html (465 words)

	The health and psychological consequences of cannabis use chapter 7.2
		In the light of Halikas et al's low estimate of the prevalence of amotivational symptoms among chronic heavy cannabis users, it is perhaps not surprising that the small number of laboratory studies of long-term heavy cannabis use have failed to provide unequivocal evidence of impaired motivation (Edwards, 1976).
		The status of the amotivational syndrome remains contentious, in part because of differences in the appraisal of evidence from clinical observations and controlled studies.
		On the one hand, there are those who find the small number of cases of "amotivational syndrome" compelling clinical evidence of the marked deterioration in functioning that chronic heavy cannabis use can produce.
	www.health.gov.au /internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/content/health-pubs-drug-cannab2-ch72.htm (1801 words)

	[No title]
		A central charge, made by various witnesses, was that marijuana caused an "amotivational syndrome," one that led young people to become passive, to ignore their studies, to dislike work, and generally to drop out of society.
		Going beyond the amotivational syndrome, various witnesses at the hearings blamed marijuana for causing insanity, psychosis, homosexuality, promiscuity, impotence, deformed children, and violent crimes, including the "fragging" (murder by hand grenade) of U.S. Army officers by enlisted men in Vietnam.
		He noted also that a 1975 study that supposedly supported the "amotivational syndrome" theory was based on volunteers who received THC, the intoxicating agent in marijuana, equal to fifty to one hundred joints a day.
	paranoia.lycaeum.org /marijuana/facts/source-of-myths (2086 words)

	The health and psychological consequences of cannabis use: chapter 7
		The drug dependence syndrome reduced the emphasis upon tolerance and withdrawal, and attached greater importance to symptoms of a compulsion to use, a narrowing of the drug using repertoire, rapid reinstatement of dependence after abstinence, and the high salience of drug use in the user's life.
		Although he argued that there was good evidence of tolerance and a withdrawal syndrome, there was insufficient evidence bearing on the criteria of compulsion, narrowing of repertoire, reinstatement after abstinence, use to relieve or prevent withdrawal symptoms and salience of cannabis use.
		The risk of developing the syndrome is probably of the order of: one chance in ten among those who ever use the drug; between one in five and one in three among those who use more than a few times; and around one in two among those who become daily users of the drug.
	www.taima.org /au2/ch7.htm (20062 words)

	Amotivational Syndrome Linked With SSRI Use in Youth
		A frontal lobe syndrome characterized by apathy, indifference, loss of initiative and/or disinhibition has developed in some adults during SSRI therapy but has not been previously reported in the pediatric population (Hoehn-Saric et al.
		Although a frontal lobe syndrome may be rare, it is important to consider, as its symptoms could be easily misinterpreted.
		Apathy and indifference could be mistakenly attributed to depressive symptoms or sedation; impaired judgment and disinhibition could be attributed to hypomania-induced behavior.
	www.antidepressantsfacts.com /frontal-lobe-syndrome.htm (1556 words)

	JOHNS: Br J Psychiatry, Volume 178().February 2001.116-122
		It has been suggested that heavy cannabis use could lead to an 'amotivational syndrome' described as personality deterioration with loss of energy and drive to work (Tennant & Groesbeck, 1972).
		It is probable that amotivational syndrome represents nothing more than ongoing intoxication in frequent users of the drug (Negrete et al, 1986) and the validity of this diagnosis remains uncertain (Hall et al, 1994).
		Wiesbeck et al (1996) set out to determine the prevalence of the cannabis-withdrawal syndrome in people who had used the drug but who were not in treatment.
	www.ukcia.org /research/Psychiat.htm (5642 words)

	[No title]
		If you know someone who smokes a lot of pot, you are probably familiar with Amotivational Syndrome, also known as burnout (a term invented by heavy users themselves to describe the effects of prolonged use of marijuana).
		Amotivational Syndrome is characterized by decreased drive (including sex drive) and ambition, shortened attention span, poor judgment, high distractibility, impaired communication skills and a diminished ability to have interpersonal relationships.
		If you think you or someone close to you is experiencing Amotivational syndrome, or you want help quitting pot, get in touch with Marijuana Anonymous, at (800) 766-6779.
	www.drdrew.com /Article/print.asp?id=907&type=1 (608 words)

	Drug Modules: Marijuana/Cannabis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some researchers have reported an "amotivational syndrome" from chronic marijuana use marked by apathy, dullness, diminished goal-directed activities, impaired concentration and deterioration in personal appearance (Frances, 1998).
		Tyler (1995) suggests that amotivational syndrome be referred to as chronic cannabis intoxication.
		Chronic cannabis intoxication is described similarly to amotivational syndrome; these individuals tend to "live in a fog;" lethargy sets in; they become dull and ponderous in conversation, with thoughts trailing away mid-stream.
	www.toad.net /~arcturus/dd/marijuan.htm (2051 words)

	Amotivational syndrome
		These data can not answer questions about: a) how common the syndrome is; b) whether the marijuana actually caused the change in behavior; or c) if the change is caused by marijuana, if it is best described as a change in all motivation, like ability or personality.
		If there is such a thing as amotivational syndrome, its affects appear to be restricted to a few individuals, probably the small percentage who became heavy users.
		Heavy marijuana use is a convenient symptom for an amotivated person to add to his list: it is fun, can be done with other people, angers grownups, and so on.
	www.umsl.edu /~rkeel/180/amotivat.html (2337 words)

	Summer Birth and the Deficit Syndrome of Schizophrenia -- Kirkpatrick et al. 155 (9): 1221 -- American Journal of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		with the deficit syndrome have a disease with an etiopathophysiology
		syndrome appears to show an excess of summer births (40-42).
		Kirkpatrick B, Buchanan RW, Breier A, Carpenter WT Jr: Case identification and stability of the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/155/9/1221 (3764 words)

	[No title]
		According to Ray and Ksir (1999) the best treatment for panic attacks due to marijuana use is "talking down and to remind the person of who and where they are, that their reaction is temporary, and that everything will be alright".
		Another important area related to the use of marijuana is its association with amotivational effects, or the amotivational syndrome.
		The amotivational syndrome has been described by the authors as a set of characteristics that have frequently been associated with chronic marijuana use.
	www.humboldt.edu /~morgan/mary_s03.htm (3917 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - amotivational syndrome
		Known in India, Central Asia, and China as early as 3000 bc, marijuana has long been used as both a medicine and an intoxicant.
		Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Cushing’s Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,...
		Down Syndrome, chromosomal disorder that results in mild to severe learning disabilities and physical symptoms that include a small skull, extra...
	encarta.msn.com /amotivational+syndrome.html (127 words)

	Drug Terminology
		Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS): loss of the ability to fight disease, brought about by virus spread through sexual contact or needle sharing.
		amotivational syndrome: disinterested, uninvolved, unmotivated, passive, lethargic as associated with cannabis abuse.
		Reye syndrome: uncommon but sometimes fatal disease associated with the use of aspirin by children under age 16 who have chicken pox or a viral syndrome, causing violent headaches, vomiting, sleepiness, irritability, disorientation and delirium.
	www.cmcsb.com /drug.htm (431 words)

	Psychological Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Peter Nelson argues that amotivational syndrome is not so much a "nonsological entity", but instead represents a change in cognitive style that results from cannabis's ability to affect a unique attentional state present in those users who have a higher than average level of a personality factor which Nelson refers to as trait absorption.
		Likewise, Newcombe and Bentler's (1988) study showed strong relationships between adolescent marijuana use and emotional distress, psychoticism, and a lack of purpose in life (Newcombe and Bentler, 1988, as cited in: The Health and Psychological Consequences of Cannabis Use).
		In all honesty, there is some question as to whether these findings are results of marijuana use and amotivational syndrome or whether individuals with emotional distress, psychoticism, depression, etc. are somehow predisposed to marijuana use.
	www.umm.maine.edu /resources/beharchive/beh450/SethBrown/Psych.html (480 words)

	Questions & Answers
		It may be that some pot smokers are predisposed to the Amotivational Syndrome because they are already approaching life the wrong way and are using pot to escape their other problems.
		Kawasaki Syndrome is a rare disease characterized by high fever for a minimum of 5 days, a red rash similar to the rash of scarlet fever, conjunctivitis, swollen lymph nodes (glands), inflammation of the mouth and tongue, swelling and redness of the palms and soles, fatigue, and irritability.
		The risk associated with the coronary artery aneurysms of Kawasaki Syndrome is that clots may develop in the aneurysms blocking blood flow to the heart.
	www.askdrwarren.com /oldq&a1.htm (2414 words)

	Health Aspects of Marijuana
		I has long been postulated that the apparent loss of motivation seen in some cannabis users is really a manifestations of a concurrent depression, for which cannabis may have been a self-prescribed treatment [102].
		Thus, in subjects with moderate use patterns of cannabis, no evidence of the amotivational syndrome was detected [18].
		Evidence for an amotivational syndrome is largely based on clinical reports; whether marijuana use is a cause or effect is uncertain.
	www.pdxnorml.org /PR_Hollister_Health_Aspects_1986.html (16991 words)

	Cannabis amotivational syndrome and personality trait absorption: A review and reconceptualization
		Although many anti-cannabis campaigners accept, a priori, the existence of the 'amotivational syndrome', there is still some considerable debate as to whether it is an actual nosological entity and whether all cannabis users are so effected.
		Weller cites Halikas et al's summary of the medical literature which suggests a reduction in levels of sperm and testosterone in men as a result of chronic cannabis use [14, 21].
		Duncan, Lifetime Prevalence of "Amotivational Syndrome'' Among Users and Non-Users of Hashish, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 1(2), pp.
	www.ukcia.org /research/PersonalityTraitAbsorption.html (5775 words)

	Student Health Services - St. Cloud State University
		One hypothesis about marijuana is that it causes " amotivational syndrome".
		Symptoms of amotivational syndrome include confusion, declining performance and difficulty finishing tasks.
		The question that still remains, is whether pot causes amotivation or whether unmotivated people smoke pot as a symptom of their lack of motivation.
	www.stcloudstate.edu /healthservices/drugofthemonth/drugofthemonth-marijuana.asp (356 words)

	Drug Policy Forums: Cannabis and Amotivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Outgoing, focused personalities don't seem to have any issues with it, and the degree with which others do seems to vary so much that the only firm conclusion you can draw is that different people react to it differently.
		Which in my assessment is just another way of saying that no "amotivational syndrome" caused by pot usage exists.
		People are unique in their responses to lots of things in their environments, and pot is no exception, as far as I can see.
	www.drugpolicy.org /forums/index.cfm?fuseaction=read&forum=30&id=107&cid=7&mid=334 (239 words)

	Prohibition and the Bible #3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In recent years, drug prohibitionists have dropped the marijuana induced violence myth and now promote the equally ridiculous pretense that marijuana causes an amotivational syndrome which is 180 degrees from the idea of madness and mayhem that the original prohibition was based on.
		Needless to say, there is no significant evidence to support the notion that marijuana causes changes in a person's pace of life one way or the other.
		Often people who are accused of having "amotivational syndrome", have merely come to the realization that communing with God's creation is more important than only pursuing the almighty dollar!
	www.olywa.net /when/bible03.html (309 words)

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