
	Where results make sense

Topic: Amphioxus

Related Topics

Urochordates

Vertebrate

Chordata

Colin Tudge

Embryogenesis

Mammal

Yoruba mythology

Tunicate

Sea squirt

In the News (Sun 27 May 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Introduction to the Cephalochordata
		Known as lancelets or as amphioxus (from the Greek for "both [ends] pointed," in reference to their shape), cephalochordates are small, eel-like, unprepossessing animals that spend much of their time buried in sand.
		These fossils show that the chordate lineage appeared very early in the known history of the animal kingdom, and they strengthen the case for an origin of true vertebrates from a cephalochordate-like ancestor.
		In some parts of the world, amphioxus are eaten by humans or by domestic animals; they are important food items in some parts of Asia, where they are commercially harvested.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /chordata/cephalo.html (558 words)

	Amphioxus - LoveToKnow 1911
		The ordinal name for the genera and species of Amphioxus is Cephalochorda, the term referring to the extension of the primary backbone or notochord to the anterior extremity of the body; the family name is Branchiostomidae.
		With regard to its habits, all that need be said here is that while Amphioxus is an expert swimmer when occasion requires, yet it spends most of its time burrowing in the sand, in which, when at rest, it lies buried with head protruding and mouth wide agape.
		Amphioxus is a small fish-like creature attaining a maximum length of about 3 in., semitransparent in appearance, showing iridescent play of colour.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Amphioxus (3968 words)

	Vertebrata - LoveToKnow 1911
		The region of the cranium anterior to this is probably a forward growth of the primitive head, produced in association with the development of the organs of smell and sight, and thus is different in kind from the posterior region.
		But as Amphioxus is obviously degenerate in the region of the head, no source of information exists as to the exact mode in which the development of the head of the ancestral vertebrate took place.
		Amphioxus no doubt is specialized in many respects, and probably degenerate in others, just as, if we go to the other pole of the Craniates, we know that although the Anthropoid Apes are the nearest living representatives of the ancestor of man, they are specialized in many respects and almost certainly degenerate in other respects.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Vertebrata (3842 words)

	PLoS ONE: The Identification of Lymphocyte-Like Cells and Lymphoid-Related Genes in Amphioxus Indicates the Twilight ...
		To examine whether amphioxus has lymphocyte-like cells, we dissected the gills of amphioxus under light microscopy and observed that a cluster of cells contained large, darkly stained nuclei and a thin rim of cytoplasm, which were highly reminiscent of mammalian lymphocytes (Figure 1).
		When adult amphioxus was challenged by pathogenic bacteria, the size of the lymphocyte-like cells increased remarkably compared to those in the unchallenged control (Figure 2C, 2D), indicating the morphological changes of the lymphocyte-like cells in response to the challenge of pathogen.
		Amphioxus gills were dissected under the microscopy after challenged 5 d and was fixed by 3% glutaraldehyde, washed with PBS then cut into small pieces, dehydrated in graded series of ethanol and finally dehydrated in acetone and fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in spur.
	www.plosone.org /article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000206 (4050 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Phase Contrast Photomicrography Gallery - ...
		Amphioxus, also called lancelet, is a small marine animal resembling a miniature fish without eyes (or even a head), which is found widely in coastal waters around warmer parts of the world.
		Amphioxus is very abundant in certain parts of the world and can grow to populations exceeding five thousand per square meter of sand.
		Some societies harvest amphioxus commercially for food that is consumed both by humans and domestic animals.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/techniques/phasegallery/amphioxus.html (263 words)

	Amphioxus bibliography
		Flood, P. R., 1968, Structure of the segmental trunk muscle in amphioxus: with notes on the course and "endings" of the so-called ventral root fibres: Zeitschrift fr Zellforschung und Mikro-skopische Anatomie, v.
		Orton, J. H., 1913, The ciliary mechanisms on the gill and the mode of feeding in Amphioxus, Ascidians and Solenomyo togato: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, v.
		Webb, J. E., 1973, The role of the notochord in forward and reverse swimming and burrowing in the amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum: Journal of Zoology, London, v.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/biblio/amphioxus.html (322 words)

	Amphioxus research sheds light on the origin of vertebrates
		Amphioxus, at the genomic and morphological level, is an example of a "living fossil", invaluable to illuminate the origin of Chordates in the tree of life, after some 500 M years.
		Just to remind, the amphioxus genome showed the more prototypical and single chordate Hox cluster in 1994, and also was the place where to discover the ParaHox cluster in 1998, that changed the views on the origin and evolution of the Hox genes.
		In other words, amphioxus may hold the answer in the path that from a gently filter-feeding animal, the furious vertebrate predators arose, by means of the complications of the neural system.
	www.innovations-report.com /html/reports/environment_sciences/report-57814.html (940 words)

	Biology Lab 13 71:125 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amphioxus is a small, translucent animal, fishlike in appearance and proportions, found in shallow marine waters in various regions of the world.
		However, while the gill slits, by their major development, emphasize the animal's relationships to the vertebrates, they differ from the vertebrate gill apparatus both in the purpose for which they are utilized and their mode of operation.
		It appears that most of the respiration of Amphioxus is done through its thin skin and as we have discussed in other lower chordates, the gills are feeding devices.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab13/biolab13_3.html (792 words)

	Record - April 26, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amphioxus, a primitive invertebrate species shown here, is the closest living invertebrate related to vertebrates like humans.
		Amphioxus is the closest living invertebrate relative to the vertebrates, making it a very attractive target for Gibson-Brown's research.
		He is interested in how these T-box genes, present in amphioxus, humans and everything in between, have adapted their function and expression patterns to yield such a vast array of body plans, from worms to mice to humans.
	record.wustl.edu /2002/04-26-02/worm.html (821 words)

	research summary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amphioxus is generally considered the closest living relative of the vertebrates.
		In spite of half a billion years of parallel evolution, amphioxus is a useful stand-in for the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates.
		We identify amphioxus homologs of developmental genes on the basis of amino acid sequences of conserved regions, then use the development expression patterns of these genes to indicate homologies between amphioxus and other organisms.
	hollandlab.ucsd.edu /resum.htm (481 words)

	Evolution and Development Group Genome Evolution
		Our study is based on the comparison of the copy rates of amphioxus genes to their vertebrate (human-mouse) orthologs.
		We have chosen amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae species) for this comparison since amphioxus represents the closest chordate phylum to vertebrates, the cephalochordates.
		To be able to decide on the nature of the duplication event at the origin of vertebrates we have also assessed in the above publication, the arrangement of duplicated genes in the human genome in duplicated segments.
	www.molgen.mpg.de /~amphioxus (295 words)

	BioG 105/106 \| Autotutorial Introductory Biology
		An amphioxus is pointed at both ends and is practically all trunk and tail.
		Amphioxus swims by simple side-to-side undulations when leaving its burrow to move to new territory.
		Evidence from DNA sequences suggests that the Cephalochordata are the "sister group" (nearest evolutionary relative) of the chordates and are next most closely related to the urochordates.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/biog105/labs/deuts/cephalochordata.html (508 words)

	Washington Week: Student Voices (O) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amphioxus is a classified as a protochordate, an evolutionary ancestor of humans that diverged in development prior to vertebrates.
		Litman also sees the level of genetic variation in amphioxus, which allows it to survive in a world full of incredibly diverse and lethal microorganisms, as a means to understand cancer, which involves genetic mutation.
		As with the study of amphioxus, the study of the immune systems of animals with a direct evolutionary tie to humans will aid in the understanding of the human immune system, allowing the production of better drugs and better immune-based therapies, Litman said.
	www.pbs.org /weta/washingtonweek/voices/200701/0108world0.htm (875 words)

	BSC 214 Lab 5 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This exercise involves comparison of Amphioxus, a non-vertebrate chordate, to a primitive chordate vertebrate, the lamprey larva Ammocoetes.
		Amphioxus (Branchiostomata) lives in coarse sediments in coastal waters and lagoons, preferring water well-aerated by tides but not heavy waves.
		Note that Amphioxus is slender, elongate, and somewhat fish-like in general form.
	webpages.marshall.edu /~hurlburt/214lab3.html (932 words)

	The Brain and Skull of Amphioxus Lanceolatus (1874) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The oral aperture of Amphioxus is large, of a long oval shape, and fringed by tentacles, external to which lies a lip, which is continuous behind with the ventro-lateral ridge of the body.
		Hence, as each myotome of Amphioxus represents the corresponding portion of a protovertebra, it follows that the same region of the skull in the Lamprey and other Vertebrata represents, at fewest, six protovertebræ, almost all traces of which are lost, even in the embryo condition of the higher Vertebrata.
		The tentacles of Amphioxus are represented by the tentacles of the Ammocoerte, the hood-like "upper lip" of the latter obviously answering to the median prolongation of the head of Amphioxus with the two lateral folds of integument which lie outside the bases of the tentacles and are continued back into the ventrolateral ridges.
	aleph0.clarku.edu /huxley/SM4/Amphio.html (1479 words)

	CHARACTERISTICS OF CHORDATES
		Amphioxus are 2-3 inches in length, and live on seashores throughout the temperate zone.
		Amphioxus shows some cephalization, in that the primary feeding structures are concentrated at the anterior end, and it has a pigment spot on the anterior end that may be used for orienting toward light.
		In contrast to protochordates (hemichordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates), vertebrates are actively-feeding, predatory organisms that move by lateral undulation of an elongate body.
	www.shsu.edu /~bio_mlt/Chap2.html (891 words)

	Definition of amphioxus - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "amphioxus" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "amphioxus" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "amphioxus" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=amphioxus (43 words)

	Amphioxus alcohol dehydrogenase is a class 3 form of single type and of structural conservation but with unique ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amphioxus alcohol dehydrogenase is a class 3 form of single type and of structural conservation but with unique developmental expression -- Cañestro et al.
		Amphioxus alcohol dehydrogenase is a class 3 form of single type and of structural conservation but with unique developmental expression
		Langeland, J.A., Tomsa, J.M., Jackman, W.R. Jr and Kimmel, C.B. (1998) An amphioxus snail gene: expression in paraxial mesoderm and neural plate suggests a conserved role in patterning the chordate embryo.
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/267/22/6511 (4394 words)

	Vertebrates' cousin shares key genes - worm-like amphioxus and vertebrates share homeobox genes Science News - Find ...
		Furthermore, the genetic makeup of amphioxus indicates that multiple copies of hox genes and of sets of these genes may drive the evolution of ever more complex animals, says Peter W.H. Holland of the University of Reading in England.
		The DNA of the modern-day amphioxus does in fact reflect the makeup of the invertebrate ancestor of all vertebrates, comments John W. Pendleton, a molecular biologist at the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center in Beaverton.
		As a result, "I think the status of amphioxus as an archetypal primitive chordate [an animal possessing a primitive spinal cord and neural tube at some point during its development] will be more accepted," he adds.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n8_v146/ai_15781708 (765 words)

	IngentaConnect AmphiPax3/7, an amphioxus paired box gene: insights into chordate... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Previous studies by others and ourselves have demonstrated that several genes homologous to genetic markers for vertebrate neural crest are expressed along the neural plate–epidermis boundary in embryos of tunicates and amphioxus.
		Taken together, the early neural expression patterns of AmphiPax3/7 and other neural crest markers of amphioxus and tunicates suggest that cell populations that eventually gave rise to definitive vertebrate neural crest may have been present in ancestral invertebrate chordates.
		During later neurogenesis in amphioxus, AmphiPax3/7, like its vertebrate homologs, is expressed dorsally and dorsolaterally in the neural tube and may be involved in dorsoventral patterning.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/ede/1999/00000001/00000003/art99019 (286 words)

	Amazon.com: Amphioxus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		THE ORDOVICIAN FOSSIL LAGYNOCYSTIS PYRAMIDALIS (BARRANDE) AND THE ANCESTRY OF AMPHIOXUS.
		Amphioxus and the Ancestry of the Vertebrates by Arthur Willey (Hardcover - 1894)
		Amphioxus and the mosaic theory of development (Journal of Morphology) by Edmund B Wilson (Unknown Binding - 1893)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Amphioxus&index=blended&page=1 (353 words)

	AMPHIOXUS, or LANCELET - Online Information article about AMPHIOXUS, or LANCELET
		gap which separates Amphioxus from the lowest fishes in regard to this feature of organization.
		Amphioxus is a small fish-like creature attaining a maximum length of about 3 in., semi-transparent in See also:
		Development.—The development of Amphioxus possesses many features of interest, and cannot fail to retain its importance as an introduction to the study ofembryology.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ALM_ANC/AMPHIOXUS_or_LANCELET.html (4625 words)

	The Amphioxus Song
		The Amphioxus Song was also included in a small book, Songs Of Biology, by Frank R. Brooks, published by the Beta Beta Beta biological honor society in 1948 (it may also have been in the first edition of 1939).
		But the Cephalochordates (the group consisting of the species of amphioxus) do in fact seem to be the closest relative (sister taxon) of the craniate chordates (the hagfish and the vertebrates).
		Further studies have suggested a modification: the amphioxus may be the sister group to a group consisting of the tunicates and the craniate chordates, so that the tunicates are more closely related to us than is the amphioxus.
	workshop.molecularevolution.org /resources/amphioxus (1443 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Phase Contrast and DIC Comparison Image Gallery - Lancelet (Amphioxus) Pharynx
		The amphioxus is a small, slender fish-like organism that spends the majority of its time buried in gravel or mud on the ocean floor.
		Sometimes alternatively referred to as lancelets, the marine animals rarely grow longer than a few inches long and are most often found around the coasts of warm regions of the world.
		The mucous membrane of the gill basket catches food particles in the water and passes them to the gut where they are exposed to various enzymes that initiate digestion.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/dicphasecontrast/amphioxussmall.html (273 words)

	Phylogenetic Analysis of T-Box Genes Demonstrates the Importance of Amphioxus for Understanding Evolution of the ...
		in the amphioxus genome to a minimum of nine genes.
		assignment as an amphioxus ortholog of the vertebrate Tbx20
		A tentative interpretation of the relationships between the amphioxus and vertebrate T-box genes.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/156/3/1249 (4365 words)

	Washington University - News & Information
		Jeremy Gibson-Brown, Ph.D., assistant professor of biology at Washington University in St. Louis, studies amphioxus, a small marine worm, a primitive invertebrate species that is the closest living invertebrate related to vertebrates like ourselves.
		Amphioxus is a small marine worm, a primitive invertebrate species whose last common ancestor with humans lived 600 million years ago.
		By comparing the expression of T-box genes in Amphioxus, lamprey and mice, Gibson-Brown hopes to better understand the role that changes in gene regulation have played in the evolution of T-box genes.
	news-info.wustl.edu /tips/2002/science-tech/vertebrate-invertebrate.html (805 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)