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	Amritsar massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crowds attempting to march on to the residence of the Deputy Commisioner of Amritsar to lodge a protest against the arrest and deportation of their popular leaders was met with force and the situation in Amritsar quickly descended into violence.
		Brigadier-General Dyer, whose 45th Brigade was based in neighbouring Jullundur and whose area of responsibility included Amritsar, arrived in the city on the 11th by 9 p.m.
		The massacre is depicted in Richard Attenborough's 1982 film Gandhi, with the role of General Dyer played by Edward Fox.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amritsar_Massacre (2603 words)

	Talk:Amritsar massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Please participate by editing the article Amritsar massacre, or visit the project page for more details on the projects.
		It is intolerable in Russia; it is intolerable in Amritsar.
		The story of Amritsar Massacre is incomplete without Shaheed Udham Singh, the prominent revoutionary and freedom fighter of India..
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Amritsar_Massacre (4969 words)

	History News Network
		There is a sense in which a massacre named after a park is "merely" an assault on the people who happened to be in the park.
		But a massacre named after a city seems somehow larger in scope--as though it were an assault on the city as such.
		I use "massacre" because there is no avoiding the moral judgment that that word conveys: contrary to Moon, the crowd fired on was a not a mob, and Dyer's acts cannot be mitigated in the way that our old ICS officer somewhat slyly insinuates.
	hnn.us /blogs/entries/11507.html (1150 words)

	Golden Temple Amritsar
		Amritsar, home to the Golden Temple is one of the most ancient and fascinating cities of India.
		Amritsar is India´s leading exporter of goods to the Middle-East, leading distribution centre of dry fruits, tea and condiments.
		Amritsar Airport is now an international airport and fast becoming the gateway to Northern India.
	www.amritsar.com /Amritsar.shtml (1151 words)

	Massacre of Amritsar -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It arose from the outcry over the massacre at Amritsar in April 1919, when the British killed about 400 Indians, and from later indignation at the government's alleged failure to take adequate action...
		The incident known as the Boston Massacre was the climax of several brawls in Boston, Mass., where workers and sailors clashed with British soldiers who were enforcing British Parliament's laws in the town.
		Covers the reporting of the massacre in the press, Ron Ridenhour's letter on the events, Seymour Hersh's investigation, and the trials of those implicated in the killings, including Lt. William Calley.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9007273 (789 words)

	The Amritsar Massacre
		On April 10, in Amritsar, Kichloo and Satyapal were arrested and deported from the district by deputy commisioner Miles Irving, and when their followers tried to march to Irving's bungalow in the camp to demand the release of their leaders they were fired upon by British troops.
		It was a Sunday, and many neighboring peasants had come to Amritsar to celebrate a Hindu festival, gathering in the Bagh, which was a place for holding cattle fair and other festivities.
		The Jallianwallah Bagh massacre turned million of patient and moderate Indians from loyal supporters of the British raj into national revolutionaries who would never again trust to British "fair play" or cooperate with a government capable of defending such action.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /landow/post/india/history/colonial/massacre.html (628 words)

	John Derbyshire on Iraq on National Review Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Amritsar is a city in the Punjab province of northern India.
		At both Amritsar and Londonderry, the troops who did the shooting were elite combat units (Gurkhas at Amritsar, paratroopers at Londonderry), with no training in the policing of civilians.
		I have never seen it written that the Amritsar massacre was deliberately, cynically provoked by violent Indian nationalists as a way to turn ordinary Indians against the raj.
	www.nationalreview.com /derbyshire/derbyshire072103.asp (1410 words)

	Queen Elizabeth pays homage at site of 1919 Indian massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		AMRITSAR, India -- In an act of contrition for Britain's colonial past, Queen Elizabeth came to this Punjab city Tuesday and paid 30 seconds of silent homage at the site of the Amritsar massacre of April 13, 1919, one of the British Empire's darkest days.
		Reports at the time said Dyer, after the massacre, had made Indians crawl along a street where two Englishwomen had been attacked, and ordered others to be whipped.
		In later years, Indian historians came to see the Amritsar massacre as a crucial juncture in the struggle for India's independence from Britain, which came at midnight on Aug. 14, 1947.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/97/10/15/india-britain.2-0.html (561 words)

	First World War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		On 11 April 1919, British troops shot dead 379 unarmed demonstrators at a political meeting in the Punjab city of Amritsar.
		Within a few days, the first news of this massacre - and incidences of rioting in India - had reached London.
		Yet this War Cabinet report refers only vaguely to 'trouble' in Amritsar - trouble that was allegedly caused by Indian 'mobs' rather than British soldiers.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /pathways/firstworldwar/aftermath/p_amritsar.htm (112 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Amritsar Massacre
		Amritsar Massacre, the shooting of unarmed Indian demonstrators by the British army on April 13, 1919, an incident that contributed to the downfall...
		India: massacre at the Golden Temple in Amritsar
		In June 1984 Gandhi ordered the army to fight its way into the main shrine of the Sikh religion, the Golden Temple in Amritsar, where Sikh terrorists...
	encarta.msn.com /Amritsar_Massacre.html (112 words)

	Massacre of Jalianwala Bagh, Amritsar
		ALLIANVALA BAGH MASSACRE, involved the killing of hundreds of unarmed, defenceless Indians by a senior British militry officer, took place on 13 April 1919 in the heart of Amritsar, the holiest city of the Sikhs, on a day sacred to them as the birth anniversary of the Khalsa.
		One Miss Marcella Sherwood, manager of the City Mission School, who had been living in Amritsar district for 15 years working for the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society, was attacked.
		The honouring of Brigadier-General Dyer by the priests of Sri Darbar Sahib, Amritsar, led to the intensification of the demand for reforming management of Sikh shrines already being voiced by societies such as the Khalsa Diwan Majha and Central Majha Khalsa Diwan.
	www.sikh-history.com /sikhhist/events/jbagh.html (1365 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Look (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This was not the case; the records in Persia and Amritsar reveal a man capable of deception, out for his own advancement, frightened of revealing what he had done to his superiors, and, at times, one who blamed his inferiors for his own mistakes.
		Collett is convinced that the Amritsar massacre preyed on Dyer’s mind from the very day he opened fire.
		It was his misfortune that, on that April evening in Amritsar, he unleashed the forces that were to destroy the India he had spent his life trying to preserve.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1050605/asp/look/story_4823931.asp (1652 words)

	Amritsar. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The center of the Sikh religion (see Sikhism), Amritsar was founded in 1577 by Ram Das, the fourth guru [Hindustani,=teacher], on land given by Akbar.
		The first Amritsar massacre took place in the Jalianwala Bagh, an enclosed park, in Apr., 1919; hundreds of Indian nationalists were killed and thousands wounded when troops under British control fired upon them.
		The second massacre occurred June, 1984, when Indian troops, opposing a militant Sikh separatist movement, shot their way into the Golden Temple, killing more than 400 people inside.
	www.bartleby.com /65/am/Amritsar.html (212 words)

	Amritsar
		The infamous events at Amritsar on April 13th 1919 were far more complex than is generally understood, either by those who desire to exonerate the commanding officer, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, or those who wish to condemn him.
		Amritsar saw its share of protests in February and March of 1919, and participated in the Hartal of April 6th.
		It was only in December, only after Dyer had sat for the Committee and given his evidence, that the true magnitude of the shooting at Amritsar became apparent to the general public and the House of Commons.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~ucrassh/Amritsar/Amritsar.html (2744 words)

	Punjab Online: Doctor Punjab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In Amritsar, India, on April 13, 1919, British troops under the command of General Reginald Dyer fired on unarmed people in the thickly crowded plaza at Jallianwala Bagh, leaving (by some estimates) 379 dead and 1200 wounded.
		The massacre at Jallianwala Bagh, in essence, marks the beginning of the decline of British rule in Asia ("the end of the Raj," as Alfred Draper puts it).
		One of the more intriguing addendums to the Amritsar massacre is the story of Uddham Singh (aka Mohammad Singh Azad), a Sikh nationalist who in 1939 murdered the Punjab`s former Lieutenant-Governor, Colonel O`Dwyer, in retatliation for the massacre O`Dwyer sanctioned twenty years earlier.
	www.punjabonline.com /servlet/community.dr_punjab?Action=Display&Param=9 (233 words)

	SparkNotes: Mohandas Gandhi: Amritsar and Rebellion
		In Amritsar, capital of the region known as the Punjab, the British authorities had panicked at the appearance of the huge crowds on April 6, and had deported the local Hindu and Muslim members of the Congress.
		The Amritsar Massacre had the effect of pushing moderate Indian politicians, like Gandhi, toward outright rebellion, and it created a climate of hostility between British and Indians that would fester throughout the twenty-five-year march to independence.
		The report, when it was finally produced months later, differed little from the official account of the incident, but his work on it drew him into closer contact with a number of prestigious Indian politicians, including Motilal Nehru–the father of Jawaharlal Nehru, who would become Gandhi's great ally and the first Prime Minister of India.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/gandhi/section7.rhtml (1089 words)

	Britain India Massacre 1919
		Dyer positioned his men at the sole, narrow passageway of the Bagh, which was otherwise entirely enclosed by the backs of abutted brick buildings.
		The governor of the Punjab province supported the massacre at Amritsar and, on April 15, placed the entire province under martial law.
		The agitation unleashed by the acts culminated on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/india/india1919.htm (569 words)

	Dyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Soon after Dyer's arrival, on the afternoon of April 13, 1919, some 10,000 or more unarmed men, women, and children gathered in Amritsar's Jallianwala Bagh (bagh, "garden"; but before 1919 it had become a public square) to attend a protest meeting, despite a ban on public assemblies.
		Liberal Anglophile leaders, such as Jinnah, were soon to be displaced by the followers of Gandhi, who would launch, a year after that dreadful massacre, his first nationwide satyagraha ("devotion to truth") campaign as India's revolutionary response.
		He also claimed that his military column had stopped at every important point to announce that all meetings have been banned which were accompanied by the beating of drums.
	www.hinduholocaust.com /shame/dyer.htm (1055 words)

	Sikh History:Amritsar Massacre 1978
		The message said that the followers of Nakali Nirankari Gurbachan Singh were holding a procession in Amritsar and were shouting slogans against the Satguru and shouting insults against the Sikh religion.
		The astonishing thing is that the gathering of the Nirankaris continued for 3 and a half hours after this bloody massacre.
		It is clear that the authorities of the Amritsar district allowed the Nakali Nirankaris to do the procession in the Sikhs main city Amritsar on Vaisakhi.
	allaboutsikhs.com /events/akj.htm (1880 words)

	Amritsar Travel Guide,Amritsar India Travel,Amritsar in India,Travel to Amritsar,Punjab,India
		Amritsar- the holy city of the Sikhs, is famous for the Golden Temple, built by Guru Arjun Dev and is set in midst of a pool reputed to have miraculous healing powers.
		The Jallianwala Bagh, where the evidence of appalling Amritsar massacre on 13th April 1919 can be visited.
		By Road: Amritsar is connected by bus with Ambala, Chandigarh, Delhi, Ferozepur, Jammu etc. Some of the road distances are as follows:- Jammu 216 kms, Ferozepur 160 kms, Chandigarh 235 kms, Delhi 435 kms and Wagah 29 kms.
	www.surfindia.com /travel/punjab/amritsar-info.html (546 words)

	Amritsar - Amritsar City Guide - Amritsar Information - Amritsar City Information
		Amritsar is in Punjab state in North India and is the spiritual capital of the Sikh religion.
		Amritsar is the Administrative Centre and a trade cum industrial city where carpets, fabrics of goat hair, and handicrafts are made.
		It lies on the main GT road from Chandigarh to Jalandhar to Amritsar to Lahore, Pakistan.
	www.indianainfo.org /india/amritsar.html (223 words)

	Punjab Online: Places of Interest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Amritsar is located in Indian Punjab near the border.
		Amritsar is the most important religious center of the Sikhs, who make up about one-third of the city's inhabitants.
		The site of the massacre, an open area called the Jallianwallah Bagh, close to the Golden Temple, is now maintained as a national shrine.
	www.punjabonline.com /servlet/library.travel?Action=amritsar (256 words)

	Khalsa Panth
		The event was condemned worldwide and General Dyer had to appear before the Hunter Commission, a commission of inquiry into the massacre that had been ordered to convene by Secretary of State for India Edwin Montagu, in 1920.
		Amritsar massacre, Amritsar massacre - The gathering, Amritsar massacre - The massacre, Amritsar massacre - Reaction, Amritsar massacre - Monument and legacy
		Since there was no exit except for the one already manned by the troops, people desperately tried to climb the walls of the park.
	www.experiencefestival.com /khalsa_panth (1090 words)

	Udham Singh
		His Brother was one of those killed during the British suppression of the Amritsar Riots in 1919.
		The Amritsar Massacre, is the name given to the massacre of demonstrators supporting Indian independence by soldiers of the British Empire on 13 April 1919, in the northern Indian city of Amritsar.
		The event was precipitated by the extension of emergency powers assumed by the government of British India during World War I to combat subversion; Mohandas Gandhi called on all India to oppose this action.
	www.stephen-stratford.co.uk /udham_singh.htm (630 words)

	BBC - Religion & Ethics - History of Sikhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Some historians regard the Amritsar Massacre as the event that began the decline of the British Raj, by adding enormous strength to the movement for Indian independence.
		The Sikhs were unable to demand their own state, because there were too few of them to resist Pakistan’s claim to the Punjab.
		Only by siding with India were they able to keep part of the Punjab, although not before appalling loss of life in communal massacres.
	www.bbc.co.uk /religion/religions/sikhism/history/history3.shtml (340 words)

	14 Commemoration of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Greenwich and Bexley branch of the IWA(GB) held a meeting, attended by 700 people, to mark the 60th Anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar) Massacre perpetrated by British imperialism against innocent men, women and children holding a peaceful demonstration.
		The Amritsar massacre inflamed Indian public opinion and turned the entire Indian population against British imperialism as had no other event; it laid the foundation for a truly powerful anti-colonial and anti-imperialist movement which was not to stop until the expulsion of British imperialism from India.
		At the end of the meeting guests who had travelled from far and wide to attend the function were treated to characteristically generous hospitality by the Woolwich comrades.
	www.wpb.be /lalkar/lalkar9905/14Jallianwala.htm (590 words)

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