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Topic: Amur meadow steppe

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	Transbaikalia - LoveToKnow 1911
		The lower terrace has the character of a steppe, but is intersected by a number of ranges, plications of Silurian and Devonian rocks, all running south-west to north-east, and all containing silver, lead, copper and auriferous sands.
		The Shilka is;formed by the union of the Onon and the Chita rivers, and is navigable from the town of Chita, thus being an important channel to the Amur.
		The remainder of the steppe of the Uda is occupied by Buryats, while the forests and marshes of the plateau are the hunting grounds of the nomad Tunguses.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Transbaikalia (1948 words)

	Species: Lonicera spp.
		Amur honeysuckle is native to central and northeastern China, Manchuria, the Amur and Ussuri river valleys, Korea, and isolated parts of Japan [98,106].
		In north-central Texas Amur honeysuckle escapes to "forest margins" [36], in Michigan it is found in "woods (upland and swampy), thickets, banks, fencerows, and often near a landscaped source" [186], and in southwestern Ohio it is mentioned as occurring in pastures and woodlands [18].
		According to Sharp and Belcher [150] the Amur honeysuckle cultivar 'Rem-Red' is "adapted" to deep, well-drained, fertile, sandy loam to clay loam soils, and is not "adapted" to droughty or wet soils.
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/shrub/lonspp/all.html (7727 words)

	Grasses - LoveToKnow 1911
		Isolated tufts or tussocks are also characteristic of steppe - and savanna - vegetation and open places generally in the warmer parts of the earth.
		Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire fog, soft grass) is a common meadow and wayside grass with woolly or downy leaves.
		The largest species of the genus is Poa flabellata which forms great tufts 6-7 ft. high with leaves arranged like a fan; it is a native of the Falkland and certain antarctic islands where it is known as tussock grass.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Grasses (8872 words)

	List of palearctic ecoregions
		PA1012 : Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows[?]
		PA1019 : Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows[?]
		PA1020 : Tibetan Plateau alpine shrub and meadows[?]
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_palearctic_ecoregions.html (235 words)

	Esi Knowledge Base - True Collection
		In summer the steppe is dry and hot; in winter, cold and bleak, with frequent snowstorms.
		The zone of intergradation lay between the Volga and Ural Rivers, on the steppes north of the Caspian Sea, extending north to the southern end of the Ural Mountains, south of the latitude of Kuibyshev and Magnitogorsk (Fig.
		Steppe populations persisted a bit longer; the last wild tarpan of record was killed in December, 1879, in the Tavrichesk steppe 35 km from Askaniya Nova, Ukrainia, and an animal caught near Kherson lived in the Moscow Zoological Park until the 1880s.
	www.equinestudies.org /knowledge_base/mammalian.html (15264 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Amur meadow steppe (PA0901)
		The extensive meadows in the middle sections of the Amur are the result of long-term river fluctuations on the extensive alluvial deposits in the Amur valley.
		Remaining ice free during the Pleistocene, flora and fauna of the Amur meadow steppe strongly influenced post-glaciation development of flora and fauna of eastern Russia.
		In Russia, the mapped ecoregion boundaries correspond to the forest steppe in the Amur-Manchurian vegetation province in Kurnaev’s (1990) forest map of the USSR.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0901_full.html (225 words)

	ЦДЗ и ГИС "ТЕРРА"
		In the Markakol hollow the soil covering is characterized by vertical zoning from meadow sod leached soils, forest meadow chernozem-like forest unsaturated soils of meadow-steppe belt to mountain-tundra podzolized and raw soils of mountain-tundra belt.
		The meadow and steppe belt (1450 – 1600 m above the sea level) is presented by forb and grass meadows and brakes.
		On beautiful short grass alpine meadows among cereals and sedges are prominent ferrous columbine, large-flowered gentian, South-Siberian tick trefoil, hairy forget-me-not, narrow-leaved calliantemum, primrose edelweiss.
	www.gis-terra.kz /eng/markakol_e.htm (1360 words)

	Circumpolar Expeditions - Arctic Tours - Russian Travel - Custom Tours
		Fauna of steppe mammals is the richest in Pribaikalie.
		Altitude vegetation zones are very well expressed: highland tundra and alpine meadows, under-the-golets creepers and sparse growth of trees, coniferous forests, taiga-steppe complexes.
		Steppes of the Pribaikal'sky National Park are the habitat for many relic species of animals.
	www.arctictravel.net /baikal.htm (2047 words)

	Khingansky Zapovednik
		As the dense forest thins in the southern portion of the zapovednik, it is replaced by the Arkharinskaya lowlands, a mixture of vast meadows, bogs, and floodplain forests and lakes.
		Khingansky is situated in the extreme southeast of Amur Province where the spurs of the Maly Khingan Mountains gradually recede into the flat Arkharinskaya lowlands of the Amur River basin.
		The Amur River is the second largest in Russia, stretching 4,345 km (2,700 miles), and forms much of the eastern border between China and Russia.
	www.wild-russia.org /bioregion13/khingansky/13_khingansky.htm (2175 words)

	Nymphalidae, Clossiana selenis (Eversmann, 1837)
		Nearly the entire Siberian part of the range, including the Amur region, are populated by the ssp.
		Steppe and meadow-steppe; in the western part of the area, also wet biotopes; in the mountains up to 2,200 m a.s.l.
		Flight period: June to August, in one generation; in the Ussuri region with two generations, one in May to June and the other at the end of July to September, with specimens of the second generation lighter in colouration and with a delicate marking on the UPS.
	rusinsects.com /nymph/n-c-sele.htm (342 words)

	Mammals of Sichuan
		Habitat: alpine forest and steppe, and desert; elev.
		Conservation status: CITES I, China I. Habitat: alpine plateau; alpine steppe, meadow, and tundra; elev.
		Habitat: mountain and plateau; alpine steppe and meadow.
	www.washington.edu /burkemuseum/collections/mammalogy/sichuan.html (908 words)

	Russia
		Forest steppe region is situated in the centre of Eurasia, southward of the taiga zone.
		Reclamation of meadow chernozemic solonetzic soils (Phaeosems Luvic) and solods (Planosols Eutric) and prevention of secondary sodic salinisation in irrigation agriculture is important for the Oka-Don lowland.
		Steppe region is situated to the south of the forest steppe zone and exists as a continuous belt from the west Russian border to Altai Mountains.
	www.fao.org /ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Russia/russia.htm (9651 words)

	Krylovia. Vol. 3, No. 1.
		Steppes have been investigated better: referring to K. Osipov (1995), they are presented in volume of 70 formations.
		Ecological-cenotical and synusial analysis of the meadow vegetation are made.
		7 groups of associations of meadow vegetation which were combined into the three classes of formations (meadow, meadow tundra and herb heath) are characterized.
	herba.msu.ru /journals/krylovia/eng/3-01-01-en.html (1375 words)

	GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL ZONING FOR THE GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lowlands in lower reaches of the Amur River are covered by spruce and fir forests, like a major part of the forest belt in northern and middle Sikhote- Alin.
		Climate of the eastern part of the Ecological Zone (steppes of West Siberia and East Kazakhstan) is under strong influence of continental air of East-Siberian origin during winter, causing stable dry and cold weather.
		The next belt is formed by meadows and meadow steppe with areas of spruce forests (Picea schrenkiana) with a mixture of deciduous species and dense undershrubs.
	www.fao.org /docrep/006/ad652e/ad652e22.htm (6501 words)

	Ramsar Sites Database
		The steppe vegetation system dominates formed by Daguur type from the north, Mongolian type from the south and Manjurian (China) vegetation type from the east.
		600-800 m asl., mostly dominated by smooth steppe terrain and mountains of 800-1300 m altitude in the upper catchment.
		The average temperature in summer is 15.4°C, in winter -8.6°C. Salty small lakes and muds occur in the low depression and salty valleys in the south of the lake.
	www.wetlands.org /RSIS/_COP9Directory/Directory/2MN008.html (805 words)

	The Annotated Ramsar List: Russian Federation
		Vegetation is dominated by mire, meadow, and meadow-solonchak and includes meadow-forest associations, diverse steppe vegetation, and reedbeds.
		Vegetation is dominated by wet meadows with herbs and includes dry meadows, grass fens, reedbeds, and various other aquatic plants.
		A region of birch and aspen forests interspersed with wetlands consisting of freshwater lakes and rivers with marshy areas of meadow and steppe, most of which are ploughed.
	www.ramsar.org /profile/profiles_russia.htm (4137 words)

	MBG: Research: Russia: Ornamental plants from Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meadows, valleys, forest margins, along streams in the alpine zone.
		Forest margins, birch woods, dry and wet meadows, peat bogs.
		In clearings and forest margins and in meadows.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/research/russia/iris.shtml (863 words)

	ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Pleistocene Park: Return of the Mammoth's Ecosystem -- Zimov 308 (5723): 796 -- Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the last glacial, when mammoths still roamed on the steppes that covered Europe, the annual precipitation there was 200 to 250 mm, and January temperatures were in the range of -25º to 35ºC. Such climate conditions are similar to those of present-day northeastern Siberia.
		One-third of the territory is meadow, one-third is forest, and one-third is willow shrubland.
		In many regions of the Amur River basin, where this formidable predator survives, January temperature is as low as -25º to -30ºC. The tigers' survival there is limited more by poaching and herbivore density than by climate.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/308/5723/796 (3042 words)

	The Berkutenko Seedlist 2001
		Meadows of China, Korea, Eastern Siberia and Russian Far East.
		Remnant from former steppes of Kolyma basin with walking heads of mammoths and bizons.
		The best gift from Amur, Ussuri this time of the year is twig of this shrub with unopened flower buds.
	www.thealpinegarden.com /seedlist.htm (9696 words)

	Species: Galium aparine
		It occurs in coniferous forests, deciduous woodlands, meadows, prairies, flood plains, disturbed areas, abandoned fields, and cultivated crops [62,92].
		Stickywilly is described in wet meadows of Quebec's Huntingdon Marsh near the Ontario and New York borders.
		It is found in scrub areas, woodlands, meadows, roadsides, and waste sites of the Gulf and Atlantic coasts [33], and occupies deciduous forests, thickets, disturbed sites, springs, limestone glades, weedy meadows, and flood plains in the Plains States [56,158].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/forb/galapa/all.html (8632 words)

	The Norway Lemming
		All live in arctic or northern regions, inhabiting tundra or open meadows.
		The Steppe lemmings, members of the genus Lagarus, of southern Russia and Mongolia, are properly classified as voles; the North American species of this genus, Lagarus curtatus, is found in the western United States and is known as the Sagebrush vole.
		Lemmings, family Cricetidae, are rodents that are closely related to voles and meadow mice.
	www.angelfire.com /me/Merethe/norwaylemming.html (1099 words)

	IKIP Special Publications: Entomofauna Book: Chapter 3.4
		About 20 species live on meadows and open spaces; of these, Paraplesius unicolor Scott is evidently associated with Kuril bamboo; 9 species are typical hygrophils, living in moist areas in the forest or close to bodies of water.
		Distributed, in addition to the Kurils, in the southern region of the Amur basin, in Primorskiy Kray, North China (according to the data of collections of the Zoological Institute), on the Korean Peninsula, Sakhalin, and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).
		Described in Irkutsk, distributed from the Altai and the Yenisei in the west throughout all of Eastern Siberia (to the north as far as Yakutsk), in the Amur basin, Primorskiy Kray, on Sakhalin, and in the south of the Kuril Range; invades North East China, Northern Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula, and is widespread in Japan.
	artedi.fish.washington.edu /okhotskia/ikip/Results/publications/entobook/chapter3-4.htm (8356 words)

	Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) [DRAFT]
		Steppe, sparse forests in mountains; Xinjiang (Ili Valley) [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan].
		Alpine meadow, steppe or sparse forests margins; N Xinjinag [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia), Tajikistan].
		Meadows, slope of mountain, sparse forests, 200-3000 m; Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan, Korea].
	hua.huh.harvard.edu /china/mss/volume11/Euphorbiaceae-MO-Euphorbia_coauthoring.htm (11423 words)

	Introduction
		Meadow Bunting and (for Russia) the rare Forest Wagtail.
		The water level in Amur River was very low and the hydrofoil boat could not sail from Khabarovsk.
		The territory consists of vast wetlands and grasslands in the Amur River Valley as well as croplands on the river terraces, small islands of forest, and small rivers forming many shallow lakes.
	www.camacdonald.com /birding/asiasiberiaTripReport.htm (10596 words)

	A.S. Loukashkin: On the Picas of North Manchuria
		The first of these occupies the high steppes and semi-deserts of the Barga upland, the second the rocks and cliffs of forested mountains of the Great Khingan Range, and the last the mountainous country along the Amur River near Heiho (opposite Blagoveschensk).
		Mongolian herders, knowing this peculiarity of the Dahurian pikas, utilize their hay stocks in winters, when hardened deep snow covers the steppe, and grazing for the cattle and sheep becomes very difficult.
		The food materials brought from the meadow they put on heated rocks in small packets or in the form of long rows.
	www.loukashkin.org /Pikas/pikas.htm (1455 words)

	Applied Aspects of Studying the Holocene Evolution of Soil—Vegetation Complexes in the Middle Amur Region, the Far ...
		It is not clear whether forest of meadow-steppe vegetation predominated on the plain in the prehistorical period, and whether the development of steppe species in meadows and the deforestation of the plain are due to the heavy anthropogenic loads during the last 150 years.
		In spite of the intense anthropogenic loads, this territory in the middle reaches of the Amur River remains the nesting place for the fl, Dahurican, and Japanese cranes; it is also an important place on migration routes of other bird species.
		The birds are expelled by humans from their usual habitats to fallow lands on the high floodplain and first terrace of the Amur River.
	www.ldd.go.th /18wcss/techprogram/P19493.HTM (711 words)

	china > Amur+River
		The Amur (or Heilong) river is at the center of a 600,000 square-mile watershed
		The Amur River, which extends along 1,246 kilometers of the southern border of the Far East is the official dividing line between China and Russia.
		In the west, north, and east the Amur Region...
	www.folkvalley.com.cn /china/AmurRiver.cgi (294 words)

	Related references:
		Alekseeva, E.E. Darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) in the steppe of western Baikal Area.
		Anisimova, O.A. Beech splendor beetle –pest of fl-currant in Amur Region.
		On biology of frit fly in steppe regions of North Kazakhstan.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/porton/875/BiblEntomol.htm (7855 words)

	BioDiversity CRTC: National CBD Report for the Russia
		In the Botanical Gardens RAS UrD, for the specific purpose of growing rare plants, were set up 5 land sections imitating various habitats: steppe, rock and mountain-steppe, mountain-tundra, meadow and forest plants sections and the one for orchids.
		In the Gardens were set up sections of meadow and mixed-grass-gramineous steppe, birch, oak and beech woods in the herbage of which there a lot of normally evolving and fruit-bearing species, including rare and endangered ones.
		Multi-year observations have shown that none of the species fell out of the meadow steppe community comprising 250 species though the role of individual species in the aspect was constantly changing.
	www.caspianenvironment.org /biodiversity/rus/part22.htm (5875 words)

	The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia
		Here, on the hilly side (right bank of the Volga) 45 colonies were founded, and on the meadow side (left bank of the Volga) 59 colonies were founded.
		The last settlements were founded in the Amur region as late as 1927-28.
		In the spring the village lie in a sea of blossoms, redolent of honey.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /grhc/history_culture/history/people.html (12743 words)

	The Amur River: The Land, Peoples & Culture
		Amur River and its ecology including fish such as sturgeon, map of the lower Amur from Khabarovsk, photos, and a large photogallery of the region
		Amur River, here listed as the world's 11th longest river, flows north from the west side of Lake Baikal.
		Amur Tiger or Siberian Tiger: the last viable population of this endangered big cat is in the region called Ussuriland, along a tributary of the Amur River.
	www.workingdogweb.com /Amur-River.htm (1060 words)

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