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	Amy Jacques Garvey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amy Jacques Garvey was one of the pioneer Black women journalists and publishers of the 20th century, a fact that is often overlooked by historians.
		Amy Jacques was primarily responsible for the publication in the 1920's of both volumes of the Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey.
		Amy Jacques Garvey died on July 25, 1973, in the city of her birth, Kingston.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amy_Jacques_Garvey (335 words)

	Rootz i-mail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Amy Jacques Garvey was one of the most important Black female journalists and publishers of the entire 20th century, a fact that is often overlooked by historians.
		Amy Jacques was the Winnie Mandela of her time and stood by her man, Marcus, throughout his trials and tribulations.
		Garvey was the Queen Mother of the UNIA and even after Garvey's death, Amy Jacques remained true to the on-going quest for African liberation championed by her heroic husband, writing countless articles and letters.
	www.rootzreggae.com /Rootz-view/AmyJacquesGarvey (509 words)

	Marcus Garvey
		Garvey was unanimously elected by the conventioneers as "Provisional President of Africa" on August 18th.
		Garvey was also associatied with other publications: The Daily Negro Times, Harlem, 1922-1924; the Blackman, Kingston, Jamaica, 1929-1931; the New Jamaican, Kingston, 1932-33; The Black Man magazine[?], which was started in Kingston in 1933 and continued in England until 1939.
		Garvey was elected Councillor for the Allman Town division of the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation (KSAC) in 1929.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Marcus_Garvey.html (2961 words)

	Marcus Garvey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Garvey is best remembered as an important proponent of the "Back-To-Africa" movement, which encouraged people of African ancestry to return to their ancestral homelands.
		Garvey was convicted and sentenced to a five year term, and imprisoned in the Atlanta Federal Prison in 1925.
		Garvey himself never identified with the Rastafari movement, however, and was harshly critical of Haile Selassie in the wake of the invasion of Ethiopia before World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marcus_Garvey (2517 words)

	The Veiled Garvey: The Life and Times of Amy Jacques Garvey, by Ula Yvette Taylor. Chapter 1. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Amy was born on 31 December 1895 in Jamaica's capital city of Kingston, the heart of the island's commercial, industrial, and professional life.[2] Horse-drawn wagons and carriages still roamed the poorly paved streets, but the loud cable cars gave this otherwise tranquil place a citified air.
		Amy often credited him with her intellectual development and apparently loved him dearly, but as the product of an environment where individuals often prejudged others based on appearance, she recalled how "she had been ashamed of her father coming to school because of his dark color."[15] Her reaction was one of self-preservation.
		Amy's strong personality—presumably an antithesis to her mother's—was perhaps in part a reflection of her father's displacement of his wish for a son onto a desire to rear a strong daughter.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/taylor_veiled.html (3841 words)

	Marcus Garvey
		Marcus Garvey was born in 1887 in Jamaica.
		Garvey’s model 1) viewed Black people as a single worldwide community, whose original home had been in Africa; and 2) called for total de-colonization of Africa, its unification as a single state, and its recognition as spiritual center and planetary home for Black people wherever they might be on the planet.
		Garvey himself was imprisoned in 1923 by the US Government for alleged fraud in connection with supposed misappropriation of funds related to the Black Star Lines.
	www.ritesofpassage.org /m_garvey.htm (1905 words)

	American Experience \| Marcus Garvey \| People & Events
		Amy Jacques, editor, feminist, and race activist, was Marcus Garvey's second wife and his principal lieutenant during his incarceration in an Atlanta penitentiary from 1925 to 1927.
		Jacques and Garvey married in July 1922, shortly after his divorce from his first wife, Amy Ashwood.
		Amy Jacques Garvey was the mother of Garvey's two sons, Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr., and Julius Winston Garvey, born in 1930 and 1933 respectively.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/garvey/peopleevents/p_jacques.html (391 words)

	11.05.2002 - MEDIA ADVISORY: UC Berkeley professor Ula Taylor to discuss her new book, "The Veiled Garvey: The ...
		Her new book, "The Veiled Garvey: The Life and Times of Amy Jacques Garvey," is about the important but often overlooked wife of Marcus Garvey, who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association in the early 1920s and became known as the champion of the "Back to Africa" movement.
		Jacques Garvey was a journalist, editor, intellectual, feminist and activist who, through her struggles against male dominance inside and outside the Pan-African movement, became a model, says Taylor, for how women could confront patriarchy, racism and imperialism.
		This biography of Jacques Garvey explores the intellectual, political and personal world of a pioneering fl feminist nationalist who was an important but often overlooked figured in the Pan-African movement of the mid-20th century.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2002/11/05_Taylor.html (469 words)

	Amy Jacques Garvey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Amy Jacques Garvey was a pioneer Pan-African emancipator born in Kingston, Jamaica on December 31, 1885.
		Amy Jacques Garvey was an international organizer and race leader in her own right.
		Amy Jacques Garvey, who was in the forefront of this movement, wrote her seminal "A Memorandum Correlative of Africa, West Indies and the Americas" in 1944 which was sent to the representatives of the United Nations urging them to declare an "African Freedom Charter".
	www.unia-acl.org /history/amy.htm (631 words)

	Rootz i-mail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Amy Jacques Garvey was a pioneer Pan-African emancipator born in Kingston, Jamaica on December 31, 1895.
		Garvey was an international organizer and race leader in her own right.
		Amy Jacques Garvey who was in the forefront of this movement, wrote her seminal "A Memorandum Correlative of Africa, West Indies and the America's", which was sent to the representatives of the United Nations urging them to declare an "African Freedom Charter".
	www.rootzreggae.com /Rootz-kulcha/Rootz-kulcha-amy.htm (631 words)

	Marcus Garvey and the Early Rastafarians
		Garvey and the Rastafarians, however, both read the Bible with the knowledge that Africa and Africans had been a part of that recorded experience and wisdom; it is not a book that is alien to fl people.
		Garvey respected the emperor only for the important role he saw him playing in African politics at the time; but he criticized Selassie openly for his political ineptitude and his defense of his Semitic ancestry at the expense of his African heritage.
		The Garvey movement, by contrast, was multiclass in its social composition and drew from the fl petite bourgeoisie or the emergent middle class: teachers, journalists, small businesspeople, fl industrial workers in the United States, and sugar plantation and banana workers in Cuba and the Caribbean, most of whom were peasants.
	www.rism.org /isg/dlp/ganja/analyses/Garvey&Rasta.html (6910 words)

	Bob Marley and Marcus Garvey
		Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born in St.Anns Bay Jamaica on August 17, 1887.
		Garvey stressed a philosophy termed “African Fundamentalism”, in which he called for the creation of a new Negro Spirit.
		Garvey’s “emancipate yourself from mental slavery” is a historical and politically specific call to fl people to establish a new sense of self.
	www.rasta-man-vibration.com /marcus-garvey.html (777 words)

	Rootswomen.com - Ayanna - Garvey's Legacy in Context: Colourism, Black Movements and African Nationalism
		Amy Garvey's words are in stark contrast to those of W.E.B du Bois, one of Garvey's contemporaries and main detractors and the founder of the NAACP.
		Garvey's intimate knowledge of the ideology of colourism made him one of the few at that time to publicly expose the truth of it in the United States where the impression was often given that the situation did not apply the same way that it did in the West Indies.
		Certainly Garvey was a 'rabble-rouser'; it was this 'rabble', their efforts, their conviction and their organization that needed to be roused and that the integrationists seemed to have forgotten about when they proclaimed fl love and fl freedom.
	www.rootswomen.com /ayanna/articles/17082005.html (3233 words)

	American Experience \| Marcus Garvey \| Special Features
		Garvey made "use" of women in some ways, but it also has to be remembered that women made quite good use of themselves.
		As Garvey's son says in the film, the women proved to be the backbone of the Garvey movement.
		It also mentions the importance of Amy Jacques Garvey as Garvey's wife and the mother of his two sons, but does not delve into her centrality to the life and leadership of the movement, particularly during Garvey's imprisonment.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/garvey/sfeature/sf_forum_14.html (1295 words)

	H-Net Review: Joan Marie Johnson on The Veiled Garvey: The Life and Times of Amy Jacques Garvey
		Amy Jacques was raised as a light-skinned child of privilege who identified herself as "brown," rather than "fl" like the majority of dark-skinned Jamaicans, who did not share the wealth and education available to Garvey's class.
		Garvey's attraction to Amy Jacques was a fascinating contradiction of his personal taste and his political beliefs--he apparently fell in love with her long wavy fl hair, even though he proclaimed kinky fl hair beautiful.
		A major flaw in Jacques Garvey's philosophy of community feminism was the split between private and public behavior that it effectively created--women were to defer to their husbands at home, yet to be treated as equals in public in the Pan-Africanist movement by the very same men.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=289401067222153 (1833 words)

	garvey
		Garvey founded the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) in 1914, and moved to the USA in 1916, where he established branches in New York and other northern cities.
		Garvey also established the Negro Factories Corporation in 1919 to promote fl-owned businesses; the corporation succeeded in founding a number of small cooperative grocery stores, a restaurant, a steam laundry, a tailor and dressmaking shop, a millinery store, and a publishing house.
		Garvey's lasting significance is as a symbol of the search for a fl identity and a struggle for cultural autonomy.
	www.fultonschools.org /teacher/stratton/garvey.html (2578 words)

	Ula Yvette Taylor. The Veiled Garvey: The Life and Times of Amy Jacques Garvey - Book Review African American Review - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Garvey's insistence that Garveyites were not communists as somehow contradictory to her objection to American demonization of the word communist.
		Garvey said that one must admire the white man for braving jungle and Arctic ice and committing genocide to obtain diamonds and furs for his woman.
		Garvey's first child was born eight years after the marriage elicits the speculation that, "though she makes no mention of this..., gossip and rumor concerning her 'womb' must have hovered over her.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2838/is_2-3_37/ai_110531698 (786 words)

	Marcus Garvey
		Garvey established the first American branch of the UNIA in 1917--1918 in the midst of the mass migration of fls from the Caribbean and the American South to cities of the North.
		Similarly, Garvey's message was adopted by a broad cross-section of educated and semi-literate Africans and West Indians hungry for alternatives to white rule and oppression.
		Garveyism thus appeared in the Caribbean as a doctrine proposing solutions to the twin problems of racial subordination and colonial domination.
	afgen.com /garvey2.html (1096 words)

	The Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers Project, UCLA
		Garvey attempted to meet two objectives with his statement: to present a brief account of his background and to answer the attacks of his critics.
		In 1784., Dr. Anthony Garvey, the proprietor of 139 acres in the Ocho Rios area of St. Ann, held the post of surgeon of the St. Ann's militia.
		Mosiah Garvey (1837--1920) was the son of William Garvey and later the father of Marcus Garvey.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /africa/mgpp/sample01.asp (5029 words)

	02.26.2003 - Unsung, ‘veiled’ Garvey takes center stage
		It is Amy Garvey (né Jacques) — intellectual, writer, Pan Africanist, feminist, activist, wife, and mother — whom Berkeley historian Ula Yvette Taylor brings to light in a new book, “The Veiled Garvey” (University of North Carolina Press, 2002).
		Born in Jamaica in 1895 to an educated “brown” family, Amy Jacques suffered from bouts of malaria and, in order to live in a malaria-free area, moved in 1917 to Harlem.
		Taylor’s work on Amy Jacques Garvey, along with her research projects before and since, helps to delineate lines of influence connecting phases of fl feminist thought and fl political activism through time.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/berkeleyan/2003/02/26_garvey.shtml (866 words)

	Amy Jacques Garvey
		Amy Jacques Garvey, wife of Marcus Garvey, did not derive her legitimacy from the status of her husband.
		Born in Jamaica, she moved to the USA in 1917 where she encountered the charismatic Marcus Garvey, who was the driving force for the movement instilling race pride and seeking race redemption for people of African descent.
		After Garvey's death in 1940, she continued the struggle for Black Nationalism, becoming contributing editor to The African, a journal published in Harlem in the 1940s, and founding the African Study Circle of the World in Jamaica toward the end of the decade.
	www.blackhistorypages.net /pages/agarvey.php (683 words)

	trinicenter.com - Garvey's Son Responds to PBS Film
		It is said that Amy Ashwood's mother did not consider Marcus Garvey the right type of person for her daughter to date, as he did not have a solid income.
		Garvey thus wrestled God away from the white race and gave her to everybody.
		Even though Garvey's organizational structure was largely dismantled by J. Edgar Hoover, the Justice Department, 8 fulltime agents, countless informants and saboteurs, as well as internal dissension, the depression and the second world war, Garvey's brand of Pan Africanism was resurgent by 1945.
	www.trinicenter.com /historicalviews/garvey.htm (2760 words)

	Special Collections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Amy Ashwood Garvey was the first wife of Marcus Garvey, founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
		They met while Amy Garvey was in Trinidad and Tobago during 1954-55 lecturing to women's organizations.
		Rogers admits that her life was never the same after meeting Garvey who was a source of inspiration to her.
	www.mainlib.uwi.tt /specialcollections/garvey.htm (190 words)

	African American Registry: Amy J. Garvey stood on her principals
		Jacques became affiliated with UNIA in 1918, serving as Garvey’s private secretary; they were married in 1922.
		Amy Jacques Garvey traveled across the United States as liaison between her husband and UNIA officials and the Marcus Garvey Committee of Justice.
		Amy Garvey received the Musgrave Medal in 1971; she died on July 25, 1973.
	www.aaregistry.com /african_american_history/636/Amy_J_Garvey_stood_on_principals (295 words)

	ipedia.com: Marcus Garvey Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Marcus Garvey in parade Marcus Mosiah Garvey was a publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and international crusader for fl nationalism.
		Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born in St. Ann's Bay, the capital of St.
		Garvey was also associated with other publications: The Daily Negro Times, Harlem, 1922-1924; The Blackman, Kingston, Jamaica, 1929-1931; The New Jamaican, Kingston, 1932-33; The Black Man Magazine, which was started in Kingston in 1933 and continued in England until 1939.
	www.ipedia.com /marcus_garvey.html (3023 words)

	Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey - Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Born in Jamaica, Marcus Garvey formed his early ideas of fl separatism under the island's caste system.
		Garvey moved to the U.S. in 1916 and spread his beliefs with his Negro World newspaper.
		In 1922, Garvey was arrested and later convicted of mail fraud in connection with his Black Star Steamship Line.
	www.wordowner.com /garvey (134 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Amy Ashwood Garvey was an officer of the Black Star Line, and the Negro Factories Corporation.
		Later, she and Garvey were divorced, but Amy Ashwood continued to be an important member of the Pan-African movement.
		She published Garvey's books, and she wrote and published a book of her own, called Garvey and Garveyism.
	www.kasnet.com /heroesofjamaica/mg/g11/g11.htm (197 words)

	Marcus Garvey - Marcus Garvey to Amy Jacques Garvey - Nov. 25, 1925 - Archives
		Marcus Garvey - Marcus Garvey to Amy Jacques Garvey - Nov. 25, 1925 - Archives
		Amy Jacques Garvey to Marcus Garvey - NOV 14, 1925 – 8-th, 2004 - 29: 2
		Amy Jacques Garvey to Marcus Garvey - NOV. 10, 1925 – 8-th, 2004 - 29: 2
	www.marcusgarvey.com /wmview.php?ArtID=299 (315 words)

	The Sayings of Marcus Garvey - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Garvey was a man way ahead of his time, but one whose influence on the aspirations and development of fl people everywhere has been monumental.
		Garvey's struggles in a variety of endeavours were undermined at every turn.
		It is of interest to note that Liberty Hall in downtown Kingston is being refurbished as a tribute to Garvey's memory and the first women's hall of residence at CAST (now UTech), was named after Amy Jacques Garvey in the early 1970s.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /lifestyle/onhold/20020803T150000-0500_29865_OBS_THE_SAYINGS_OF_MARCUS_GARVEY.asp (928 words)

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