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Topic: Amyloid degeneration

	BSE - mad cow - scrapie, etc.: Stimulated amyloid degeneration and the toxic fats
		The condensation of the “amyloid” proteins is sensitive to temperature, and a slight increase in the disorder of the water can induce functional proteins to change their conformation so that they spontaneously associate into fibrous masses.
		Serum amyloid P is called “the female protein” in hamsters, because of its association with estrogen; castrated (or estrogen treated) males also produce large amounts of it, and its excess is associated with the deposition of amyloid (Coe and Ross, 1985).
		The amyloids and lipoproteins are powerfully responsive to bacterial endotoxin, LPS, and their structural feature that binds it, the “pleated sheet” structure, appears to also be what allows the amyloids to form amorphous deposits and fibrils under some circumstances.
	raypeat.com /articles/aging/madcow.shtml (7047 words)

	tau: 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Amyloid beta-protein, Abeta, is normally produced in brain and is cleared by unknown mechanisms.
		While the principles of amyloid aggregation are known in some detail, the investigation of PHF assembly has been hampered by the low efficiency of tau aggregation, the requirement of high protein concentrations, and the lack of suitable detection methods.
		Cerebral amyloid angiopathy of the centenarian was less severe than the AD patients, as well as the proliterations of GFAP-positive astrocytes and Ki-MIP-positive microglial cells, and the loss of synaptic terminal density.
	lansbury.bwh.harvard.edu /Literature/Review/tau_1998.htm (18543 words)

	Asymmetrical Cortical Degeneration Syndromes
		Thus, clinical presentation is dictated by the topographical distribution of degeneration.
		O.K! Here, there is generalized but asymmetrical atrophy with the most severe focal degeneration generally occurring in the superomedial frontopariatal regions, primary motor cortex, and parietal convexity cortex, but other cortical regions, including Wernicke’s area, some times can be severely involved as well.
		Degeneration is usually greatest in the frontoemporal regions and to a lesser extent in the perisylvian language cortices.
	www1.wfubmc.edu /medicalcenter/pp/neurology/said/dementia.htm (2537 words)

	New Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The pathologic hallmarks are neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cortex, as well as granulovacuolar degeneration, amyloid deposition, and loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis.
		Amyloid protein precursor (APP) is just that a precursor for the amyloid protein which is a polypeptide that is the single building block for amyloid plaques.
		Some studies suggest that amyloid plaques are toxic to neurons, and that this results in the neurodegeneration seen in Alzheimer's disease.
	altmed.creighton.edu /ginkgo/alzheim.htm (904 words)

	UCSB Studies Link Alzheimer's Disease, Macular Degeneration - Daily Nexus Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Amyloid beta proteins have been found in plaques of both ailments, which may indicate a common cause.
		Researchers hope to further establish the role of amyloid beta proteins in these diseases, potentially leading to a cure and better treatment for those who are afflicted.
		The discovery of amyloid beta and the likely discovery of other molecules common to both drusen and neuritic plaques give those at CSMD access to studies on Alzheimer’s in which the effects of these molecules have been painstakingly researched for years.
	www.ucsbdailynexus.com /news/2003/5389.html (1405 words)

	Treat advanced pathological cases by homeopathy - follow this advanced search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The kidneys, spleen and liver are enlarged and present physical symptoms of amyloid degeneration.
		This is based upon the presence of one of those conditions which results in amyloid degeneration, the appearance of the patient, the conditions of the urine and the symptoms as outlined.
		AMYLOID DEGENERATION 1.There is a history of chronic suppuration, syphilis or tuberculosis.
	www.homeocases.org /diseaseadvanced.asp?di=22 (556 words)

	Alzheimer’s Disease: Glossary of Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Amyloid is found in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.
		Upon autopsy, the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles is used to positively diagnose Alzheimer’s disease.
		A type of dementia in which degeneration of nerve cells causes dramatic alterations in personality and social behavior but typically does not affect memory until later in the disease.
	cchs.net /health/health-info/docs/2400/2486.asp?index=9578&... (4847 words)

	Glossary
		A protein deposit associated with tissue degeneration; amyloid is found in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s.
		Amyloid plaques are one of the characteristic structural abnormalities found in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s.
		In Alzheimer’s disease, beta amyloid is abnormally processed by nerve cells and becomes deposited in amyloid plaques in the brains of persons with the disease.
	www.alz.org /Resources/Glossary.asp (4799 words)

	Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Historical perspective: Amyloidois produced by injections of proteins ...
		This was in accordance with observations in human pathology, and with the results of earlier experiments in which amyloid degeneration had been observed following the injections of living or dead bacteria, or of bacterial toxins (Bailey 2).
		By means of injections of bacteria, amyloid degeneration in mice can be produced in a much shorter time than with the caseinate, of which at least forty injections are required (Kuczynski, Strasser 3).
		At that time the amyloidosis may still be confined to the spleen, and a general amyloid degeneration is not constantly observed until eighty injections have been given.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200101/ai_n8942356 (1463 words)

	[No title]
		Amyloid depositions in the brain, cardiac muscle, and in pancreatic islets (the "senile amyloidotic triad") dominate the morbid anatomic aspect.
		Infections, ionizing radiation, traumatic lesions in human pathology, the introduction of chemically definable substances, infections, and stress consequent to social burdening, proved effective in spontaneous and experimental amyloid degeneration of animals.
		Amyloid deposits in human pathology may develop by the transformation of normal structures, like cartilage, osteoid tissue, vascular elastic fibers, and also from scar hyalin and from fibrin.
	www.alzheimersupport.com /library/print.cfm?ID=465 (356 words)

	Alzforum: Current Hypotheses
		We propose that cholesterol homeostasis biological misregulation itself has a key role for synaptic plasticity impairment, neuronal degeneration and is the primary cause for several Alzheimer's hallmarks not limited to brain amyloid.
		Furthermore, the interaction of cholesterol and amyloid beta and APP biochemistry explans why rare genetic cases of AD (associated with mutations in amyloid beta protein precursor and presenilin (PS) genes) are translated into the disorder via membrane cholesterol sensitivity of APP processing by secretases and Aβ generation.
		We previously showed that fine tuning of neural cholesterol dynamics is essential for synapse function, plasticity, behavior, and suggested that in familial cases of Alzheimer disease, mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin (PS) genes are translated into the disorder via membrane cholesterol sensitivity of APP processing by secretases and amyloid-β protein generation [4,5].
	www.alzforum.org /res/adh/cur/koudinov (1229 words)

	Science, medicine, and the future: Alzheimer's disease -- Masters and Beyreuther 316 (7129): 446 -- BMJ
		amyloid from the amyloid precursor protein is the central pathway
		Hardy J. Amyloid, the presenilins and Alzheimer's disease.
		Amyloid ß-protein and the genetics of Alzheimer's disease.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/316/7129/446 (1884 words)

	Article
		These findings confirm earlier studies that have identified cortical degeneration as the major basis for cognitive decline in patients with AD, and the investigators believe that the currently unknown mechanisms that lead to cortical atrophy may play a key role in the progression of AD.
		Furthermore, because the degeneration of brain cells that leads to AD appears to begin decades before the first symptoms emerge, risk factor profiles will be important in identifying asymptomatic individuals who are in the earliest stages of developing AD.
		For example, in studies in rat cerebrocortex, investigators working at the University of California at Irvine have shown that the neurotoxic peptide fragment from beta-amyloid is able to enhance the ability of metal ions such as iron, copper, and aluminum to produce free radicals (Bondy et al., 1998a).
	www.agenet.com /Category_Pages/document_display.asp?Id=892 (5952 words)

	Toxicity of substrate-bound amyloid peptides on vascular smooth muscle cells is enhanced by homocysteine -- Mok et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Toxicity of substrate-bound amyloid peptides on vascular smooth muscle cells is enhanced by homocysteine -- Mok et al.
		Yankner, B.A. (1996) Mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
		(1999) Involvement of caspases in proteolytic cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid-
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/269/12/3014 (4726 words)

	Microvasculopathy Is Associated With the Number of Cerebrovascular Lesions in Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage With ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A multinucleated giant cell is seen immediately adjacent to the amyloid; arrows highlight the giant cell and represent the junction between the vessel wall amyloid and the giant cell (hematoxylin-eosin, magnification x700).
		Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: incidence and complications in the aging brain, I: cerebral hemorrhage.
		The incidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/8/1588 (3790 words)

	Report on the Rare Diseases and Conditions Research Activities of the National Institutes of Health FY 2001 - Table of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		HSS is a rare inherited neurological disorder associated with high accumulations of iron in the brain and that causes progressive degeneration of the retina and nervous system.
		It is believed that this accumulation results in degeneration of the retina and a high concentration of iron in the neural tissues.
		Identify novel causes of inherited retinal degenerations: further examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby identified gene defects cause retinal degenerations.
	rarediseases.info.nih.gov /html/reports/fy2001/nei.html (2027 words)

	Chart of Alzheimer's Disease Terms
		A protein deposit associated with tissue degeneration; amyloid is found in numerous conditions.
		The normal function of APP (amyloid precursor protein) in the body is unknown.
		Type of dementia in which degeneration of nerve cells causes dramatic alterations in personality and social behavior, but typically not memory (until later in the disease).
	nncf.unl.edu /alz/manual/sec1/terms.html (3689 words)

	definition of amyloid
		The substance deposited in the organs in amyloid degeneration.
		Alt, Amyloid, Amyloidal, Degeneration, Deposited, Food, In, Of, Starchy, Substance, The
		Degeneration, Deposited, Food, In, Of, Organs, Starchy, Substance, The
	www.brainydictionary.com /words/am/amyloid129855.html (43 words)

	Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Presenting as Nonhemorrhagic Diffuse Encephalopathy: Neuropathologic and Neuroradiologic ...
		Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Presenting as Nonhemorrhagic Diffuse Encephalopathy: Neuropathologic and Neuroradiologic Manifestations in One Case -- Caulo et al.
		amyloid angiopathy in the absence of intracranial hemorrhage.
		Amyloid in vessels of a vascular malformation in brain.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/22/6/1072 (2031 words)

	Central Nervous System Essays
		Microscopically, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the finding of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, along with neuronal granulovacuolar degeneration and amyloid angiopathy, particularly in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
		The pathognomonic feature is the appearance of increased numbers of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex, often with amyloid cores.
		A genetic basis for the disease is based upon association with the gene coding for cerebral amyloid on chromosome 21.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/EXAM/ESSAY/CNSESSY.html (1932 words)

	(WO 98/47969) ALKYL, ALKENYL AND ALKYNYL CHRYSAMINE G DERIVATIVES FOR THE ANTEMORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		(57) Amyloid binding compounds which are non-azo derivatives of Chrysamine G, pharmaceutical compositions containing, and methods using such compounds to identify Alzheimer's brain in vivo and to diagnose other pathological conditions characterized by amyloidosis, such as Down's Syndrome are described.
		Pharmaceutical compositions containing non-azo derivatives of Chrysamine G and methods using such compositions to prevent cell degeneration and amyloid-induced toxicity in amyloidosis associated conditions are also described.
		Methods using non-azo Chrysamine G derivatives to quantify amyloid deposits in homogenates of biopsy and post-mortem tissue are also described.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=98/47969.990128 (264 words)

	Drusen associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration contain proteins common to extracellular deposits ...
		Amplicons of the appropriate size for the drusen-associated molecules amyloid P component and prothrombin were detected only in liver; the higher molecular weight band (651 bp, as opposed to 536 bp in liver) in other lanes with amyloid P primers is due to amplification of genomic DNA.
		Castano, E., Prelli, F., Pras, M., Frangione, B. (1995) Apolipoprotein E carboxyl-terminal fragments are complexed to amyloids A and L Implications for amyloidogenesis and Alzheimer’s disease.
		Namba, Y., Tomonaga, M., Kawasaki, H., Otomo, E., Kawasaki, I. (1991) Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in cerebral amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease and kuru plaque amyloid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/14/7/835 (6086 words)

	QCI Nutritionals: natural dietary supplements, natural health products
		With vascular disease, brain degeneration can be the result of a sudden large stroke, or repeated small strokes.
		Amyloid is a collection of protein fragments that clump together and deposit in the brain, inducing free radical damage to neurons.
		Researchers have developed a new radioactive dye that reveals amyloid deposits, and this may allow an earlier diagnosis of AD, provide the ability to follow the progression or regression with treatment.
	www.qcinutritionals.com /newsletter-2004-02.htm (2229 words)

	Reeve-Irvine Research Center: Research Team (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Anderson and colleagues are only just beginning to understand how the immune system, specifically the complement cascade, works and what it does after injury, but the new information she has provides insights into possible ways to prevent cell death and degeneration, and possibly influence regeneration, after spinal cord injury.
		As ORNs die and the OE degenerates (decreases in thickness), neuronal progenitor cells, which lie beneath the dying neurons within the OE, increase their proliferation and replace just the right number of ORNs.
		This activation may provide one means by which inflammation contributes to degeneration and regeneration in the injured spinal cord.
	www.reeve.uci.edu /facres.html (4998 words)

	Locus Ceruleus Degeneration Promotes Alzheimer Pathogenesis in Amyloid Precursor Protein 23 Transgenic Mice -- Heneka ...
		proximity of microglia and astrocytes to amyloid plaques in
		Quantification of acid fuchsin staining of wt-con, wt-dsp4, tg-con, and tg-dsp4 demonstrated a corresponding increase in degenerating neurons.
		To assess the relation between amyloid deposition and neuronal cell death, we determined acid fuchsin-labeled cells and their distance from the plaque center (mean ± SEM; n = 20 animals per group; ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test).
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/26/5/1343 (7623 words)

	The Alzheimer's Abeta -peptide is deposited at sites of complement activation in pathologic deposits associated with ...
		Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older individuals worldwide.
		RPE atrophy, drusen biogenesis, and the pathogenesis of AMD.
		These "amyloid vesicles" frequently exhibit a multilamellar structure (arrows in A and B).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/18/11830 (4098 words)

	Fresh and globular amyloid {beta} protein (1-42) induces rapid cellular degeneration: evidence for A{beta}P ...
		Fresh and globular amyloid {beta} protein (1-42) induces rapid cellular degeneration: evidence for A{beta}P channel-mediated cellular toxicity -- BHATIA et al.
		cellular degeneration is also dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium.
		and the cellular degeneration is accelerated in the presence
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/14/9/1233 (5329 words)

	New compounds effective against Alzheimer's disease onset and progression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Van Eldik and co-researchers found that the aminopyridazines inhibited both oxidative and inflammatory cytokine pathways and reduced human amyloid beta (Ab)-induced glial activation in a mouse specially designed to develop many of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease pathology, including neuroinflammation, neuronal and synaptic degeneration and amyloid disposition, often called plaques.
		Inhibition of neuroinflammation correlated with a decreased neuron loss, restoration towards control levels of synaptic dysfunction biomarkers in the hippocampus and diminished amyloid plaque deposition.
		Consistent with the pathology changes, treatment with the aminopyridazines also attenuated behavioral deficits in the mice that are due to injury in the part of the brain called the hippocampus, a region that is gradually destroyed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-11/nu-nce110804.php (596 words)

	McNair Scholars Program
		The Effects of Ethanol and Estrogen on the CNS Microglia Uptake of Amyloid -Protein and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
		Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal degeneration, impaired amyloid -protein (A) clearance, and inflammation.
		In contrast, it is hypothesized that ethanol will inhibit the activation of microglia because it impairs the immune system and alters the activity of macrophages.
	www.ollusa.edu /mcnair/scholars/lucia.htm (319 words)

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