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Topic: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

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	An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is one of John Locke's two most famous works, the other being his Second Treatise on Civil Government.
		The essay was one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern philosophy, and influenced many enlightenment philosophers, such as David Hume and Bishop Berkeley.
		If we have a universal understanding of a concept like sweetness, it is not because this is an innate idea, but because we are all exposed to sweet tastes at an early age.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding (896 words)

	Human Understanding
		It is an established opinion amongst some men, that there are in the understanding certain innate principles; some primary notions, koinai ennoiai, characters, as it were stamped upon the mind of man; which the soul receives in its very first being, and brings into the world with it.
		Either that it is an innate principle which upon all occasions excites and directs the actions of all men; or else, that it is a truth which all men have imprinted on their minds, and which therefore they know and assent to.
		There is a great deal of difference between an innate law, and a law of nature; between something imprinted on our minds in their very original, and something that we, being ignorant of, may attain to the knowledge of, by the use and due application of our natural faculties.
	www.infidels.org /library/historical/john_locke/human_understanding.html (13264 words)

	An Essay concerning Human Understanding
		How short soever their knowledge may come of an universal or perfect comprehension of whatsoever is, it yet secures their great concernments, that they have light enough to lead them to the knowledge of their Maker, and the sight of their own duties.
		And it will be an unpardonable, as well as childish peevishness, if we undervalue the advantages of our knowledge, and neglect to improve it to the ends for which it was given us, because there are some things that are set out of the reach of it.
		Either that it is an innate principle which upon all occasions excites and directs the actions of all men ; or else, that it is a truth which all men have imprinted on their minds, and which therefore they know and assent to.
	www.ac-nice.fr /philo/textes/Locke-EssayHumanUnderstanding.htm (10591 words)

	John Locke Bibliography--Part I -- Essay concerning human understanding
		282 An abstract of the Essay of human understanding.
		283 An abstract of the Essay of human understanding.
		284 An abstract of the Essay of human understanding.
	www.libraries.psu.edu /tas/locke/ch0e.html (5340 words)

	Interactive Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		"Essay Concerning Human Understanding" was presented publicly from October 21 to November 11, 1994, simultaneously at the Center for Contemporary Art, University of Kentucky, Lexington, and the Science Hall, in New York.
		In New York, an electrode was placed on the plant's leaf to sense its response to the singing of the bird.
		By enabling an isolated and caged animal to have a telematic conversation with a member of another species, this installation dramatized the role of communication and telecommunications in human lives.
	www.ekac.org /Essay.html (447 words)

	Amazon.com: Essay Concerning Human Understanding: Books: John Locke,Kenneth P. Winkler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Essay quickly became one of the most influential books of the eighteenth century, and its contributions to the philosophy of space and time, matter and power were quickly hailed as formative contributions to the philosophy.
		Though rejecting (an earlier version of) the doctrine of "innate ideas" and insisting that all of our ideas come from or through sense-experience, he was clearly a "rationalist" as regards the nature of knowledge itself.
		Locke begins the "Essay" by rejecting and dispensing with the notion of "innate ideas," which basically says that we are born in possession of certain principles, elements of knowledge, or maxims that help us orient ourselves in the world.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0872202178?v=glance (2029 words)

	John Locke -- Overview [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		An abridgement of it appeared in 1696, by John Wynne, fellow of Jesus College, Oxford; it was translated into Latin and into French soon after the appearance of the fourth edition.
		In the first book of the Essay, on the subject of innate ideas, Locke points to the variety of human experience, and to the difficulty of forming general and abstract ideas, and he ridicules the view that any such ideas can be antecedent to experience.
		An idea of the self cannot come from sensation; and the simple ideas of reflection are all of mental operations, and not of the subject or agent of these operations.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/l/locke.htm (7767 words)

	Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding
		John Locke’s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) is an inquiry into the source and limits of human knowledge, and is an examination of the nature of belief, opinion, and faith.
		Book IV asserts that ideas are the source of human knowledge, that ideas determine the nature and extent of human knowledge, and that ideas determine the reality, truth, and certainty of human knowledge.
		Moreover, if there were innate moral or practical principles in the human mind, they could be easily distinguished from other moral or practical principles; but it is impossible to divide moral or practical principles into those which are innate and those which are not innate.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/locke.html (2931 words)

	SparkNotes: John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
		He relates an anecdote about a conversation with friends that made him realize that men often suffer in their pursuit of knowledge because they fail to determine the limits of their understanding.
		Locke offers another argument against innate knowledge, asserting that human beings cannot have ideas in their minds of which they are not aware, so that people cannot be said to possess even the most basic principles until they are taught them or think them through for themselves.
		Finally, Locke divides all of human understanding into three sciences: natural philosophy, or the study of things to gain knowledge; ethics, or the study of how it is best to act; and logic, or the study of words and signs.
	www.sparknotes.com /philosophy/johnlocke/section1.html (2580 words)

	Pre-History of Cognitive Science--John Locke
		Walking a line between the skeptical and materialist dualist extremes, Locke claims that "the ideas of primary (material) qualities of bodies are resemblances of them, and their patterns do really exist in the bodies themselves, but the ideas produced in us by these secondary qualities have no resemblance of them at all" (173).
		Locke accounts for the existence of the human will by asserting that humans are basically hardwired to experience the sensations of pain and pleasure and that all action is the result of a drawing towards the one or moving away from the other.
		As Alexander Fraser has pointed out, "The art of education, political thought, theology and philosophy, especially in Britain, France, and America, long bore the stamp of the Essay, or of reaction against it, to an extent that is not explained by the comprehensiveness of Locke's thought, or by the force of his genius" (xi).
	www.rc.umd.edu /cstahmer/cogsci/locke.html (1160 words)

	An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Not on the mind naturally imprinted, because not known to children, idiots, etc. For, first, it is evident, that all children and idiots have not the least apprehension or thought of them.
		And I think they equally forsake the truth who, running into contrary extremes, either affirm an innate law, or deny that there is a law knowable by the light of nature, i.e., without the help of positive revelation.
		Since there are other propositions which, even by his own rules, have as just a pretence to such an original, and may be as well admitted for innate principles, as at least some of these five he enumerates, viz., "Do as thou wouldst be done unto." And perhaps some hundreds of others, when well considered.
	socserv2.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/locke/Essay.htm (12636 words)

	Hyponoetics - Glossary - [C]
		Thomas Reid, a staunch apostle of a strong role for common sense in philosophy, treated the invocation of common sense as ultimately an appeal to certain innate principles of human nature that are partly constitutive of what it is to reason.
		An actual entity is concrete because it is such a particular concrescence of the universe.
		Metaphysical concepts are essential and necessary to understand the whole, to go beyond the fragmentary view of the average man in order to grasp the higher interrelations and meanings of the world in toto.
	www.hyponoesis.org /html/glossary/c.html (3706 words)

	Locke Coins Semiotics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The most considerable under this head is ethics, which is the seeking out those rules and measures of human actions, which lead to happiness, and the means to practise them.
		The end of this is not bare speculation and the knowledge of truth; but right, and a conduct suitable to it.
		For, since the things the mind contemplates are none of them, besides itself, present to the understanding, it is necessary that something else, as a sign or representation of the thing it considers, should be present to it: and these are ideas.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~mryder/itc_data/locke.html (370 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Essay is a (very) lengthy account of his ideas - in which he begins by denying the possibility of innate ideas and goes on to explain how we come by all our ideas, discussing on the way his influential ideas on personal identity and primary and secondary qualities.
		The problem that the essay has is that it's over-long (at about 800 pages) and filled with rambling repetition.
		For serious study, however, I'd invest a bit more for an unabridged copy (the cheapest I think is Penguin Classics; the best the one edited by Nidditch) --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/087220216X (821 words)

	An Essay Concerning Human Understanding \| TutorGig.co.uk Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The essay was one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern philosophy, and influenced philosophers such as Hume and Kant.
		In the "Epistle to the Reader" Locke states that the germ of the essay sprung from a conversation with friends.
		what objects our understandings were, or were not, fitted to deal with." This conversation occurred around 1671, and in that year Locke formulated two drafts of the Essay.
	www.tutorgig.co.uk /ed/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding (912 words)

	Locke’s cognitive model from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690)
		Believing that the mind is, at birth, an "empty cabinet" (48) or a sheet of "white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas" (121), he claims that these two modes of thinking, sensations and Reflection, are "the only originals from whence all our ideas take their beginnings" (124).
		It is these "ideas" which are, according to Locke, the fundamental building blocks of all human thought.
		Locke accounts for the existence of the human will by asserting that humans are basically hardwired to experience the sensations of pain and pleasure and that all action is the
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/Locke.htm (744 words)

	An Essay concerning Human Understanding
		– It is an established opinion among some men, that there are in the understanding certain innate principles; some primarily notions, characters, as it were, stamped upon the mind of man, which the soul receives in its very first being and brings into the world with it.
		I shall begin with the speculative, and instance in those magnified principles of demonstration: “Whatsoever is, is; ” and “It is impossible for the same thing to be, and not to be,” which, of all others, I think, have the most allowed title to innate.
		We may as well think the use of reason necessary to make our eyes discover visible objects as that there should be need of reason, or the exercise thereof to make the understanding see what is originally engraved in it, and cannot be in the understanding before it be perceived by it.
	www.marxists.org /reference/subject/philosophy/works/en/locke.htm (2112 words)

	reference list for Nature's Holism
		An initiation into the heart of Taoism through the authentic Tao Te Ching and the inner teachings of Chuang Tzu.
		An integrated approach to the study of animal and plant distributions.
		Kuromori, and W.-H. Li (2001) "Global patterns of human DNA sequence variation in a 10-kb region on chromosome 1." Molecular Biology and Evolution 18: 214-222.
	www.ecotao.com /holism/reference.htm (3979 words)

	Bibliography of First Cognitive Revolution
		Reissued as Orang-outang; sive, Homo Sylvestris; or, The anatomy of a pygmie.
		The Theory of Moral Sentiments; or, An essay towards an analysis of the principles by which men naturally judge concerning the conduct and character, first of their neighbors, and afterwards of themselves.
		An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.
	www.cogweb.ucla.edu /EarlyModern/Bibliography.html (532 words)

	John Locke Bibliography -- Chapter 3, Philosophy -- 1971
		Greene, R. MacCallum, H. “Introduction.” // IN: An elegant and learned discourse of the light of nature / Nathaniel Culverwell ; edited by Robert A. Greene and Hugh MacCallum.
		Johnston, C. “The printing history of the first four editions of the Essay concerning human understanding” / by Charlotte S. Johnston.
		Locke’s Essay on the human understanding / by Étienne Bonnot de Condillac ; a facsimile reproduction of the translation of Thomas Nugent with an introduction by Robert G. Weyant.
	www.libraries.psu.edu /tas/locke/ch3-71.html (1350 words)

	ILTweb - Publications
		Chapter 03 Other considerations concerning Innate Principles, both Speculative and Practical
		Chapter 08 Some further considerations concerning our Simple Ideas of Sensation
		Chapter 03 Of the Extent of Human Knowledge
	www.ilt.columbia.edu /publications/locke_understanding.html (315 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Penguin Classics): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Buy An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Penguin Classics) with Principles of Human Knowledge and Three Dialogues...
		In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, first published in 1690, John Locke (1632 1704) provides a complete account of how we acquire everyday, mathematical, natural scientific, religious and ethical knowledge.
		Rejecting the theory that some knowledge is innate in us, Locke argues that it derives from sense perceptions and experience, as analysed and developed by reason.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0140434828 (1001 words)

	Locke - An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The e-text version of Locke's Essay has been around in the public domain for quite a while.
		Since October 1994, an HTML version of the text has been made available by Roger Bishop Jones.
		This indexing/search system is prepared by Tze-wan Kwan and Chong-fuk Lau of the CUHK with Glimpse 3.0.
	humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk /Philosophy/Locke/echu (78 words)

	Enlightenment: Objectivist Scholarship
		This site currently publishes six million words of new original research and analysis, and a couple of essential classics too.
		In the interests of giving you multiple ways of accessing Locke's Essay, we've broken it up into chapters, and also provided both a summary (chapters only) and detailed (chapters and sections) Table of Contents.
		In the next few weeks we hope to add the index as well, but for now you may want to try the search engine.
	enlightenment.supersaturated.com /johnlocke (137 words)

	An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - John Locke - Microsoft Reader eBook
		An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - John Locke
		An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Recommend Page
		They can be re-downloaded to an additional computer by first Activating each computer with the same Passport account.
	www.ebookmall.com /ebook/111474-ebook.htm (694 words)

	An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 2 by John Locke - Project Gutenberg
		An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 2 by John Locke - Project Gutenberg
		An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 2 by John Locke
		Web site copyright © 2003-2006 Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation — All Rights Reserved.
	www.gutenberg.org /etext/10616 (121 words)

	John Locke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This work, begun in 1671, established Locke as the greatest of the Empiricist
		For three hundred years, to this day, his views have had an immense
		• Chinese University of Hong Kong online edition of the Essay with text search
	orion.it.luc.edu /~avande1/locke.html (65 words)

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