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Topic: An Historical Relation Of the Island Ceylon

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	Crushing by elephant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elephants occasionally dismembered the condemned as in this 1681 drawing from An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon by Robert Knox.
		For many centuries elephants were also used for military purposes, and death under the foot of an elephant was commonplace for deserters or prisoners as well as for military criminal.
		Occasionally though, executions would be prolonged either by having the elephant drag the condemned through the streets before the execution (usually by a rope attached to the elephant's leg), or through the use of an elephant that was trained to crush limbs first, and then the chest, often with excruciating slowness.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crushing_by_elephant (678 words)

	Sri Lankan English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An SLE consultant for the Oxford English Dictionary and author of Knox's Words notes that British readers first encountered loan words from Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon) in a book published in 1681 entitled An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies.
		After independence in 1948, English was no longer an official language of Sri Lanka, but it remained in use across the island's ethnic groups.
		An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies, from Project Gutenberg
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sri_Lankan_English (598 words)

	Crushing by elephant - Simple English Wikipedia
		"An Execution by an Eliphant" (sic), from "An Historical Relation Of the Island Ceylon" by Robert Knox (London, 1681)
		Death under the foot of an elephant was common for people who left the army or prisoners as well as for military criminals.
		The last time an elephant executed someone was in Bikaner, India in April, 1947.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crushing_by_elephant (762 words)

	Lankalibrary.com: THE BRITISH IN SRI LANKA
		This private capitalization led to serious abuses, however, culminating in an 1840 ordinance that made it virtually impossible for a Kandyan peasant to prove that his land was not truly crown land and thus subject to expropriation and resale to coffee interests.
		An ardent abolitionist in the years leading up to the American Civil War, Olcott cofounded and later became president of the Theosophical Movement, which was organized on a worldwide basis to promote goodwill and to champion the rights of the underprivileged.
		Although the island was put under military jurisdiction during the war, the British and the Sri Lankans maintained cooperative relations.
	www.lankalibrary.com /geo/British/history4.htm (6199 words)

	SRI LANKA - HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
		An enduring ideology defined by two distinct elements--sinhaladipa (unity of the island with the Sinhalese) and dhammadipa (island of Buddhism)-- designates the Sinhalese as custodians of Sri Lankan society.
		In foreign relations, Bandaranaike was faithful to her late husband's policy of "dynamic neutralism," which aimed to steer a nonaligned diplomatic stance between the superpowers.
		An apparently false rumor that Sinhalese policemen had died at the hands of Tamil terrorists, combined with other rumors of alleged anti-Sinhalese statements made by Tamil politicians, sparked brutal communal rioting that engulfed the island within two weeks of the new government's inauguration.
	www.infolanka.com /org/srilanka/hist/hist2.html (19239 words)

	An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies by Robert Knox - Project Gutenberg
		An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies by Robert Knox - Project Gutenberg
		An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies by Robert Knox
		An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies
	www.gutenberg.org /etext/14346 (136 words)

	CEYLON : Encyclopedia Entry
		The island of Sri Lanka lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal.
		The GDP grew at an average annual rate of 5.5% during the early 1990s, until a drought and a deteriorating security situation lowered growth to 3.8% in 1996.
		The island is the home of two main traditional cultures: the Sinhalese (centered in the ancient cities of Kandy and Anuradhapura) and the Tamil (centred in the city of Jaffna, where the public library that was destroyed in 1983 was the world centre of Tamil archives and scholarship).
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Ceylon (4685 words)

	Alibris: Browse Books by ISBN
		0560774231: An historical relation of the island Ceylon in the East Indies
		0560841494: Historical Sketch of Tomo-Chi-Chi: Mico of the Yamacraws
		0560851945: Historical sketches of the county of Elgin
	www.alibris.com /books/isbns/7746 (1602 words)

	Dionysus and Kataragama: Parallel Mystery Cults
		An archaic spirit of paradox, fertility, rejuvenation and play, the Kataragama god also preserves an essential soteriological dimension as the Divine Psychopomp who guides his followers beyond the Portals of Death into an unconditional realm of freedom from the tyranny of the pairs of opposites.
		Accordingly, an attempt may be made not to dissect the cults but to evaluate their bonds of commonality with a view to understand better their inner dynamics, if not the common source of their sacred power as well.
		In ancient Greece this close relation between drama and mythology was epitomized by the mask, which stood both for the god Dionysus himself and for a process whereby those who participated realized a glimpse of the wild paradoxes that were related as myths and enacted as mystery rites or dromena, literally 'things performed'.
	xlweb.com /heritage/skanda/dionysus.htm#Shiva (11825 words)

	Christopher Ondaatje - Author and Traveller
		Eventually, Knox and a fellow prisoner, Stephen Rutland, escaped by walking north from Kandy to the ancient city of Anuradhapura, and thence to the Arippu Fort on the Dutch-controlled northwestern coast.
		The first of these is a general description of the island and its fauna and flora.
		There are no less than 96 quotations from An Historical Relation of the Island of Ceylon in the second edition of the OED and Boyle gives an interesting analysis of their inclusion.
	www.ondaatje.com /reviews/KnoxsWords.htm (853 words)

	WWW Virtual Library - Sri Lanka - Languages, Literature, Books & Book Reviews
		That the Sinhala language is an Aryan one and is related to other Indo-Aryan speeches such as Hindi and Bengali is generally well known.
		Linguistic research pioneered by nineteenth century German linguists like Franz Bopp and August Schleicher have made it possible to connect Sinhala words to words occurring in a good many European, Iranian and Indian languages belonging to what is known as the Indo-European family of languages and to trace them to their earliest forms.
		An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies by Robert Knox (1641-1720)
	www.lankalibrary.com /books.html (1220 words)

	The Worship of God Murukan in the Hill Country of Sri Lanka
		There is now an attempt to change the use of the term "Indian Tamils," which was historically connected with the status of the population of plantations with the prefix "Indian" as an identity, to denote the labour force from India during the colonial setting.
		I present a brief view of the historical contexts of the arrival and survival of the Tamils as labour force in Malaiyakam for the purpose of understanding the worship of Murukan as their religious power in the proper historical setting of the island.
		Although there are indications of arrival of labourers in Ceylon prior to the 19th century, the large scale arrival of Malaiyakam Tamils began in the late part of the 19th and the early part of the 20th centuries.
	kataragama.org /research/amirthalingam-selliah98.htm (12390 words)

	The Worship of Muruka or Skanda (The Kataragama God)
		He is reputed to have arrived in Lanka (Ceylon) in a remote age when it was a vast continent—the Lemuria, perhaps, of the zoologists, stretching from Madagascar to near Australia—and was ruled by a Titan, the terror of the celestials.
		An ancient MS account of Ridi Vihara, which he built and endowed, states that on the occasion of its consecration he was accompanied thither by 500 Bhikkus (Buddhist monks) and 1,500 Brahmins versed in the Vedas (See paper read at the R.A.S.B. in June, 1923 on “Palm Leaf MSS.
		Throughout Ceylon history, the court religion was Hinduism, and its ritual and worship largely alloyed and affected the popular Buddhism and made it very unlike the religion of the Buddha.
	kataragama.org /docs/worship_of_muruka.htm (7175 words)

	travelsrilanka
		Whatever their origin, it is reasonably clear that a Naga kingdom existed in the north of the island from the 6th century BC to the middle of the 3rd century AD.
		As an extension of this belief, guardian cobra statues like my grandfather's began to be found in houses situated in pairs on either side of an entrance or doorway.
		The tales of the peasantry in relation to it, Tennent continues, all turn upon the devices of those in search of the gem, and the vigilance and cunning of the cobra by which they are baffled; the reptile itself being more enamoured of the priceless jewel than even its most ardent pursuers.
	www.travelsrilanka.com /index.cfm?PAGE=539 (1840 words)

	Barr-Kums's Sri Lanka Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The country is the location of the first wildlife sanctuary created during the 3 B.C, the oldest historical tree also planted in 3 B. Litreature abounds with the many books and tales of Sri Lanka.
		Pablo Neruda lived in Colombo in the 1930 and many of the poems in "Residence on Earth" were written in Sri Lanka.
		One of his novels "The Fountains of Paradise" is based in Sri Lanka and also describes the the historical site of Sigirya.
	www.chandrage.com /personal/sbarrkum/lanka.htm (468 words)

	An Historical Relation Of the Island Ceylon, in the East-Indies: Together, With an Account of the Detaining in ...
		An Historical Relation Of the Island Ceylon, in the East-Indies: Together, With an Account of the Detaining in Captivity the Author and divers other Englishmen now Living there, and of the Author’s Miraculous Escape.
		The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Historical Relation Of The Island Ceylon In The East Indies, by Robert Knox This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever.
		It has an operation pretty strange, which is, that when it is new it will make them that eat it like drunk, sick and spue; and this only when it is sown in some Grounds, for in all it will not have this effect: and being old, none will have it.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/14346/14346-h/14346-h.htm (14097 words)

	The Exceptionalist: Nathan's Fourth of July Hot Dog Eating Contest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A visit to the International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE) web-site makes the point and reminds one a bit of a visit to the FIFA web-site, except that where the soccer teams of countries would be ranked in the latter, the former has compiled rankings of competitive eaters.
		The IFOCE symbol is a coat of arms with an ice cream cone, which pretty much sums up the serious yet tongue in cheek character of competitive eating.
		If you can't make it to Coney Island tomorrow, you can watch the event live on ESPN, at 12:00 noon, which should, incidentally, resolve any lingering doubts you have as to whether a hot dog eating contest is a sport.
	rubytarbles.typepad.com /exceptionalist/2005/07/nathans_fourth_.html (849 words)

	Books on Ceylon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		GP#14346 Historical Relation of the Island CEYLON by Capt. Robert Knox, 1681, London.
		An Account of the Island of Ceylon, by Robert Percival, 1803, London.
		GP#13552 An Account of the Island Ceylon by Sir James E. Tennent, 1860, London.
	lakdiva.org /books (237 words)

	The British Connection - Welcome to Sri Lanka by Ari Withanage
		The Kandyans kept him prisoner between 1660 and 1680.
		By the end of the century, tea production on the island had risen enormously.
		In the 1980s, the Indian Tamils made up almost 6 percent of the island's population.
	members.tripod.com /~withanage/british.htm (4639 words)

	[No title]
		“The Ceylon National Congress in Disarray I, 1920-1921: Sir Ponnambalam Arunachalam Leaves the Congress,” CJHSS, n.s.
		“The Ceylon National Congress in Disarray II, The Triumph of Sir Willaim Manning, 1921-1924, CJHSS, n.s.
		III (2), pp 16-39.AlsoUniversity of Ceylon, History of Ceylon, Vol.
	academic.bowdoin.edu /isle/2005_program/files/2005_History_of_SL_syllabi.DOC (323 words)

	The Exceptionalist: Name Your Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This is an intriguing question, and not a mere matter of nomenclature.
		Laurie Flynn of the New York Times reported yesterday that a judge in the Santa Clara County (where Santa Cruz is located) Superior Court is considering a request from Apple Computer to force three web site publishers to reveal the names of confidential sources who disclosed Apple's plans for future products.
		Apple has an interest in timing the unveiling of its products in an orchestrated manner, with helium balloons and all, and bloggers have an interest in putting the facts into the public domain.
	rubytarbles.typepad.com /exceptionalist/2005/03/name_your_sourc.html (443 words)

	Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Knox, R. - An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon; 1681.
		Percival, R. - An Account of the Island of Ceylon, 1803.
		Wagenaar,L. - Galle, een VOC-vestiging in Ceylon; Amsterdam, 1994.
	home.planet.nl /~krane127/ceylon/sources.htm (116 words)

	:: Viator Publications :: Eric MEYER
		He has published several articles in French, British, Sri Lankan and Indian academic journals dealing with the modern history of Sri Lanka, and a few books in French (his Ceylan - Sri Lanka first published in 1977 by Presses Universitaires de France had two further revised editions in 1981 and 1993.
		His translation to French of Robert Knox’s An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon was published in 1983.
		Since 1983 he has been closely watching political events and social trends that are transforming the face of the island.
	www.viator-publications.com /pp.php?ipp=51 (182 words)

	Knox's Island Ceylon - 1681. title_page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He Ceylon’s left yet (strange) they’r in his Book.
		With an ACCOUNT of the Detaining in Captivity the AUTHOR and divers other Englishmen now Living there, and of the AUTHOR’S Miraculous ESCAPE.
		Illustrated with Figures, and a Map of the ISLAND.
	lakdiva.org /knox (92 words)

	Robert Knox, free ebooks
		You can choose an archive site, now or later, from which to download files.
		Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies (Together With An Account of the Detaining in Captivity the Author and Divers Other Englishmen Now Living There, And of the Author's Miraculous Escape)
		You can choose a site, now or later, from which to download files.
	textual.net /access.gutenberg/Robert.Knox (106 words)

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