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Topic: Anabasis (Xenophon)

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Anabasis

Xenophon

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	Xenophon - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Xenophon's record of this expedition and the journey home was titled Anabasis ("Expedition" or "The March Up Country" which carries in Greek the same connotation it does in English).
		Xenophon is said to have died at Corinth, though he may have died in Athens, and his date of death is uncertain; it is known only that he survived his patron Agesilaus, for whom he wrote an encomium.
		Xenophon is often cited as being the original Horse Whisperer, having been an advocate of sympathetic horsemanship, and the author of works on horsemanship.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /xenophon.htm (410 words)

	Xenophon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Xenophon’s historical account in the Anabasis is one of the first written accounts of an analysis of the characters of a leader and an example of a type of leadership analysis that has come to be known as “Great Man” theory.
		Xenophon died at Corinth, or perhaps Athens, and his date of death is uncertain; it is known only that he survived his patron Agesilaus, for whom he wrote an encomium.
		Xenophon is often cited as being the original "horse whisperer", having advocated sympathetic horsemanship in his On Horsemanship.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xenophon (684 words)

	Facts about topic: (Anabasis (Xenophon)) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Anabasis is the most famous work of the Greek (A native or inhabitant of Greece) writer Xenophon (Greek general and historian; student of Socrates (430-355 BC)).
		Xenophon played an instrumental role in encouraging the Greek army of 10,000 to march north to the Black Sea (A sea between Europe and Asia; a popular resort area of eastern Europeans).
		The Anabasis was the (loosely-adapted) basis for Sol Yurick's novel The Warriors (additional info and facts about The Warriors), which was later adapted into a 1979 cult movie of the same name.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/anabasis_(xenophon)1.htm (344 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Xenophon (444 BCE)
		Xenophon, whose name literally means "strange sound," was an Athenian knight, an associate of Socrates,; who is known for his chronicles of a mercenary expedition against Persia and the subsequent history of Greece.
		Xenophon, like Caesar,; tells the story in the third person, and there is a straightforward manliness about the style, with a distinct flavour of a cheerful lightheartedness, which at once enlists our sympathies.
		Xenophon was a man of great personal beauty and considerable intellectual gifts; but he was of too practical a nature to take an interest in abstruse philosophical speculation.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=91 (2436 words)

	Xenophon' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Xenophon, with the rearguard, followed the path which the party with the guide had taken, since it was easiest for the beasts of burthen; one half of his men he had posted in rear of the baggage animals; the other half he had with himself.
		Xenophon was left by his shield-bearer, who carried off his shield, but Eurylochus of Lusia, an Arcadian hoplite, ran up to him, and threw his shield in front to protect both of them; so the two together beat a retreat, and so too the rest, and joined the serried ranks of the main body.
		Xenophon and Cheirisophus arranged to recover the dead, and in return restored the guide; afterwards they did everything for the dead, according to the means at their disposal, with the customary honours paid to good men.
	www.eureka.edu /emp/jrodrig/webpage/xenop4.htm (1292 words)

	XENOPHON - LoveToKnow Article on XENOPHON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		At the suggestion of Socrates, Xenophon went to Delphi to consult the oracle; but his mind was already made up, and he at once proceeded to Sardis, the place of rendezvous.
		Xenophon became the leading spirit of the army; he was elected an officer, and he it was who mainly directed the retreat.
		At Cotyora he aspired to found a new colony; but the idea, not being unanimously accepted, was abandoned, and ultimately Xenophon with his Greeks arrived at Chrysopolis [Scutari] on the Bosporus, opposite Byzantium.
	51.1911encyclopedia.org /X/XE/XENOPHON.htm (381 words)

	Xenophon [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Proxenus, a friend of Xenophon, was already with Cyrus, and he invited Xenophon to come to Sardis, and promised to introduce him to the Persian prince.
		Xenophon, who was very poor, mad an expedition into the plain of the Caicus with his troops before they joined Thimbrou, to plunder the house and property of a Persian named Asidates.
		Xenophon continues, though, maintaining that Socrates was not unversed in mathematical and astronomical subjects.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/x/xenophon.htm (1787 words)

	Biography of Xenophon
		Xenophon was born in Attica around 435 BC, the son of Gryllus, an Athenian knight.
		Xenophon was a skilled soldier who saw action in several campaigns including the 401BC expedition under Cyrus against his brother Artaxerxes II, King of Persia.
		It was decreed that Xenophon be exiled from Athens and his property confiscated and the Spartans provided him with an estate in Scillus near Olympia with his wife Philesia and his two sons.
	www.biogs.com /famous/xenophon.html (275 words)

	ongoing · Xenophon
		Xenophon was a bit nervous about the fact that the mercenaries’; mission was ambiguous, and with good reason, as Cyrus immediately launched a civil war against Artaxerxes.
		In Xenophon, Socrates’; doctrine is almost purely Buddhist: Unhappiness is a function of desire, or of attachment to the desired; virtue and happiness and wisdom grow from self-discipline.
		But Xenophon was apparently an admirer of Athens’ deadly enemy Sparta, and he spent much of his exile there as a gentleman and soldier; his exile was revoked in 383 and he returned to Athens in 365.
	www.tbray.org /ongoing/When/200x/2003/10/27/Xeonophon (1012 words)

	Xenophon Atheniensis: Bibliographie
		Xenophon; Xenophon/ Agesilaos; Diodor/ Agesilaos; Plutarch/ Agesilaos; 4.1.3.1.
		Xenophon; Xenophon/ Feldherrnrede; Feldherr, gr./ Schlachtfeld, Verhalten auf; 3.4.
		Xenophon; Xenophon/ Cicero; 4.1.3.2.; Imperialismus, röm.; 4.6.1.2.2.; 5.2.2.1.; Berenike; Corbulo; 5.6.4.; Bourgogne; 5.8.; Alesia/ gall.
	www.geocities.com /frschuffert/bote_a2d_xenophon_bib.html (3309 words)

	Xenophon
		Among Xenophon's other works are Hellenica, a continuation of Thucydides' history of Greek affairs from 411 to 362 B.C., the Memorabilia of Socrates, and the Cyropedia (Education of Cyrus), a historical novel about Cyrus the Elder, the founder of the Persian empire.
		Xenophon was born in Attica into a land-owning family of moderate oligarchs.
		Xenophon's elegant style, clear and straightforward, sometimes rhetorical, is much admired, but at the same time he has not been regarded as a thinker.
	www.classicreader.com /author.php/aut.208 (1230 words)

	Academy Reading Room ANABASIS XENOPHON In Eight Parts - Part Five
		Xenophon consented, relying on the victims, for the seers had announced, that there would be a battle, but that the result of the expedition would be good.
		At that Xenophon ordered Tolmides the herald to proclaim: "Enter all who are minded to capture aught." In poured the surging multitude, and the counter-current of persons elbowing their passage in prevailed over the stream of those who issued forth, until they beat back and cooped up the enemy within the citadel again.
		Xenophon and the officers meantime considered the possibility of taking the citadel, for if so, their safety was assured; but if otherwise, it would be very difficult to get away.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /xenophon_anabasis05.htm (7026 words)

	Xenophon : Anabasis : I
		These two were hospitably entertained by Xenophon, and were kind enough to repurchase the horse he had sold in Lampsacus for fifty darics; suspecting that he had parted with it out of need, and hearing that he was fond of the beast they restored it to him, refusing to be remunerated.
		By this time Xenophon and his men were being sore pressed by the arrows and slingstones, though they marched in a curve so as to keep their shields facing the missles, and even so, barely crossed the river Carcasus, nearly half of them wounded.
		The next day Xenophon sacrificed and led out the whole army under the cover of night, intending to pierce far into the heart of Lydia with a view to lulling to sleep the enemy's alarm at his proxmity, and so in fact to put him off his guard.
	www.classicreader.com /read.php/sid.8/bookid.1803/sec.51 (1292 words)

	Introduction to Xen. Hellenica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Whether Xenophon was present or not, clearly enough he was appalled, his sympathies being attested, as is his manner, by the length of the speech he put into the mouth of Euryptolemus (§§16-3 3) pleading for respect for the due procedure of the law.
		Xenophon fought in Agesilaus' army in Asia, as many references in Books III and IV show, and, when in 394 Agesilaus was recalled to deal with the general uprising against the Spartan empire, Xenophon went with him and took part in the battle of Coronea against, amongst others, the Athenians (Ages.
		Thus perhaps Xenophon distributed praise and blame among the men he had known, or known of as a young man. By the 370s they would have been at the zenith of their importance.
	luna.cas.usf.edu /~murray/classes/aa/xen-intro.htm (9502 words)

	Eternal Egypt - Xenophon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Xenophon himself mentions the circumstances under which he joined this army (Anabasis 3:1).
		Xenophon's work, the Anabasis, was a history of the expedition of Cyrus, and of the retreat of the Greeks who formed part of his army.
		With regard to the title, it will be noticed that under this name, which means "The March Up," the Anabasis was composed about 20 years after the events narrated, but was founded on memoranda made at the time, as may be inferred from the minuteness and precision of its details.
	www.eternalegypt.org /EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?language_id=1&ee_website_action_key=action.display.element&element_id=1125 (188 words)

	Xenophon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By general agreement, the historical works (Anabasis; Hellenica; Agesilaus; Constitution of the Spartans; Cyropaedia) were the earliest; then followed the works about Socrates, the Socratica, as they are known (Socrates' Apologia; Memorabilia; Symposium); and the last to be written were the teaching manuals (On Horsemanship; On the Cavalry Commander; Oeconomicus; Hieron; Ways and Means).
		In the Anabasis, Xenophon is relating events he himself played a part in - hence the many geographical and ethnographic details.
		The Anabasis itself - the march into the interior of the Persian state - takes up the first six books; then there is a description of the battle of Cunaxa; but the bulk of the narrative covers what happened during the retreat through enemy territory, by inaccessible trackways, to the Black Sea coast.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /AncGreece/xenophon.htm (1014 words)

	Xenophon -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Greek historian Xenophon wrote of the military campaigns in which he served as a young officer.
		His best-known book, ‘Anabasis' (Expedition), tells of the march and retreat of the Greek auxiliary army in the service of the Persian prince Cyrus, who was trying to overthrow his brother, King Artaxerxes II.
		The Greek author Xenophon referred to this kind of racing as early as the 5th century BC.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9077679 (563 words)

	Amazon.com: Xenophon: Anabasis (Loeb Classical Library): Books: Xenophon. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Xenophon's Anabasis is an engrossing tale of remarkable adventures, as the Greeks retreated through inhospitable lands from the gates of Babylon back to the coast after Cyrus' death.
		Xenophon shows himself to be both a strong, fair leader and a humble person as he recounts the retreat from enemy territory.
		Anabasis is a great story for all ages and would be a wise choice as a gift for young readers (even if the younger ones need some help from their parents).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/067499101X?v=glance (1599 words)

	Xenophon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Xenophon served on his staff and was present at the Battle of Coronea, when Agesilaus defeated a coalition of Greek states including Athens.
		Xenophon (Anabasis VII, 2) praises the Thyni: "Teres, with a large army, was said to have had his baggage train taken from him by the natives, who are called Thyni and are supposed to be the most dangerous of all the tribes, especially at night fighting."
		And Xenophon came and told Seuthes that his men were in bad quarters and the enemy were close at hand; he would be better pleased, he said, to bivouac in the open in a strong position than to be in the houses and run the risk of being destroyed.
	www.thrace.0catch.com /xenophon_main.htm (9690 words)

	XENOPHON: Anabasis, or March Up Country - BOOK III
		Xenophon went and put the question to Apollo, to which of the gods he must pray and do sacrifice, so that he might best accomplish his intended journey and return in safety, with good fortune.
		But he, when he heard, blamed Xenophon that he had not, in the first instance, inquired of the god, whether it were better for him to go or to stay, but had taken on himself to settle that point affirmatively, by inquiring straightway, how he might best perform the journey.
		That is how Xenophon came to join the expedition, deceived indeed, though not by Proxenus, who was equally in the dark with the rest of the Hellenes, not counting Clearchus, as to the intended attack upon the king.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Anabasis/00000013.htm (8086 words)

	Harvard University Press/Xenophon, Anabasis
		After the defeat of Cyrus, it fell to Xenophon to lead the Greeks from the gates of Babylon back to the coast through inhospitable lands.
		Xenophon's Anabasis is a true story of remarkable adventures.
		Xenophon's Symposium portrays a dinner party at which Socrates speaks of love; and Oeconomicus has him giving advice on household management and married life.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/L090.html (343 words)

	Anabasis - Part IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But when Cheirisophus saw that this ridge was occupied, he summoned Xenophon from the rear, bidding him at the same time to bring up peltasts to the front.
		That Xenophon hesitated to do, for Tissaphernes and his whole army were coming up and were well within sight.
		Xenophon, mounted on his charger, rode beside his men, and roused their ardour the while.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/lit/historical/Anabasis/chap21.html (2214 words)

	Anabasis - Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But Seuthes, hearing that Xenophon had arrived, sent Medosades again, by sea to meet him, and begged him to bring the army to him; and whatever he thought would make his speech persuasive, he was ready to promise him.
		While Xenophon was thus employed, the generals and officers came back with a message from Aristarchus, who had told them they might retire for the present, but in the afternoon he would expect them.
		Xenophon meantime had ascertained that the victims were favourable to his project.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/lit/historical/Anabasis/chap46.html (1389 words)

	Xenophon Anabasis (Book 1)
		Xenophon's Anabasis is an engrossing tale of remarkable adventures, as the Greeks retreated through inhospitable lands from the gates of Babylon back to the coast after Cyrus' death, also it is an invaluable source on Greek and Iranian military forces.
		Xenophon replied that the watchword was now passing along for the second time.1 And Cyrus wondered who had given it out, and asked what the watchword was.
		Xenophon seems to mean that the King now moved to the right until his flank (like that of the Greeks--see the preceding notes) rested upon the Euphrates.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/hakhamaneshian/xenophon/anabasis/xeno_anbs_book_1.htm (8314 words)

	Xenophon [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Agesilaus, the Spartan, was commanding the Lacedaemonian forces in Asia against the Persians in 396, and Xenophon was with him at least during part of the campaign.
		(1) The Anabasis, a history of the expedition of the Younger Cyrus, and of the retreat of the Greeks who formed part of his army.
		In fact, it is likely that Xenophon relied on Plato's dialogues for his information about Socrates.
	www.iep.utm.edu /x/xenophon.htm (1787 words)

	Xenophon on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Xenophon's Philosophic Odyssey: On the Anabasis and Plato's Republic.
		Xenophon's March: Into the Lair of the Persian Lion.
		Xenophon to Promote United States Capitol Historical Society On Pro-Bono Basis; Xenophon: 'We want to help all people learn about the house that freedom built'.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/Xenophon.asp (449 words)

	Cyrus the Younger
		In 407, his father named him Satrap of the Ionian provinces in replacement of Tissaphernes, whose policy of frequent change of alliances between Sparta and Athens in the ongoing Peloponesian War was not to his taste (Tissaphernes had lately been convinced by Alcibiades to switch side and support Athens).
		Most of Xenophon' Anabasis is the story of the trip back of the Greek army in a hostile land after the death of Cyrus at Cunaxa, a trip of more than a thousand miles through Armenia and along the shores of the Black Sea.
		According to Xenophon, he was a most despicable man, always ready to flatter the strong man of the moment, always plotting against his fellow generals, interested only in his own wealth.
	plato-dialogues.org /tools/char/cyrusyng.htm (675 words)

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