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Topic: Anadromous

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		Anadromous fish populations would return to normal if the dams were removed, and other features of the ecosystem would benefit as well.
		Native Anadromous and Resident Fisheries Resources Currently, there are no salmon or seagoing trout in either the middle (between the dams) or upper (upstream of Lake Mills) reaches of the river because of the dams.
		Some wild anadromous fish would reach wildlife in the upper Elwha that use them for food, but far fewer fish (due to passage mortality, fewer fish runs, and inundated habitat) would be available than under pre-dam conditions, and their migrations would be clustered into certain seasons rather than dispersed throughout the year.
	www.nps.gov /olym/elwha/docs/eis0695/Text1.txt (20263 words)

	Anadromous Fish - Critical Habitats of Cape Cod (The Woods Hole Research Center)
		Anadromous Fish are fish that hatch in freshwater, spend their adult lives in saltwater, and return to freshwater to spawn.
		Anadromous fish generally return to spawn by the same route that they followed to the ocean as juveniles, and they return to the same location in which they hatched.
		Overfishing of anadromous fish is a concern, as are human activities that pollute, obstruct, or otherwise alter the runs.
	www.whrc.org /capecod/critical_habitats/Anadromous_Fish.htm (139 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Anadromous Fish: Salmon
		There are three types of diadromy: Anadromous fish, such as the Atlantic and several Pacific salmon species, spend most of their adult lives in salt water and then migrate to fresh water in order to reproduce.
		Anadromous species are a difficult issue for fisheries management for several reasons.
		The legislation authorizes the implementation of conservation and research agreements for "anadromous fish" -- fish, such as salmon, that migrate from the sea to breed in fresh water.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/554.html (618 words)

	Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean
		The Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean, with Annex, which was signed by the United States, Canada, Japan and the Russian Federation on February 11, 1992, in Moscow.
		I have the honor to submit to you the Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean, with Annex, which was signed by the United States, Canada, Japan and the Russian Federation on February 11, 1992, in Moscow.
		Anadromous fish means the fish of anadromous species listed in Part I of the Annex which migrate into the Convention Area, and anadromous stocks means the stocks thereof.
	russia.shaps.hawaii.edu /fishing/regulatory/anadromous.html (5371 words)

	Anadromous Species -
		Anadromous species are species such as salmon, shad and sturgeon which reproduce in rivers (inland waters) and spend their adult life in the sea.
		Such organisations have been established for salmon-the principal commercially significant anadromous species-in two main salmon fishing regions where disputes arose before the implementation of UNCLOS, as the State of origin strongly objected to the uncontrolled fishing of salmon in the high sea.
		The 1992 Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean prohibits directed fishing for salmon on the high seas and stipulates that any salmon incidentally caught shall be returned to the sea.
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/anadromous_species__en_20447_all_1.html (361 words)

	Alweife Fact Sheet
		The alewife is one of 10 anadromous (sea-run) fish species native to the State of Maine.
		Anadromous (sea-run) alewives occur in the freshwater environment only in the summer and fall months and return to the ocean in the fall.
		However, there are no scientific studies to indicate that sea-run (anadromous) alewives have had a negative impact on resident fish species.
	www.state.me.us /dmr/rm/alewifefactsheet.htm (1049 words)

	The O.W.L.Foundation
		Anadromous fish swim from the ocean and travel up freshwater streams to spawn.
		Salmon, for example, are famous exponents of the anadromous life, but maybe not for long.
		These burdens are extracting a grim toll from our environment; the threat to anadromous fish is analogous to the dying canary in a coal mine: it's time to do something.
	www.sonic.net /~hrd/owlfoundation.net/Anadromous-fish.htm (360 words)

	ANADROMOUS FISH
		True anadromous fish migrate from the ocean to spawn in freshwater rivers or sometimes in the brackish upper reaches of the estuary.
		The true anadromous fish, however, have all undergone reduced populations because of common problems of overharvesting, pollution, and the restriction of freshwater spawning habitat areas, principally through dams and other obstructions of fish passage.
		The anadromous form of brook trout, a closely related species, is not found in the study area, but is found in some of the adjacent New England waters.
	training.fws.gov /library/pubs5/web_link/text/int_fish.htm (5519 words)

	Mass. Division of Marine Fisheries: Program and Projects - Anadromous Fish
		The Anadromous Fish Dynamics and Management Program is responsible for the management and investigations regarding the anadromous fish resources of the Commonwealth.
		Anadromous fish live in the sea but must enter fresh water rivers and streams to spawn.
		We also have authority to examine dams and other obstructions to passage in brooks, rivers, and streams, which flow into coastal waters to decide if fishways are needed and determining whether existing fishways are suitable and sufficient for the passage of fish.
	www.mass.gov /dfwele/dmf/programsandprojects/anadrom.htm (778 words)

	Fish migration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water
		The best-known anadromous fish are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter.
		Salmon are capable of going hundreds of kilometers upriver, and humans must install fish ladders in dams to enable the salmon to get past.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fish_migration (304 words)

	Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean
		(c) the retention on board a fishing vessel of anadromous fish taken as an incidental taking in a fishing activity directed at non-anadromous fish shall be prohibited and any such anadromous fish shall be returned immediately to the sea.
		The Parties agree to encourage any State or entity not party to this Convention to adopt laws and regulations consistent with the provisions of this Convention in regard to fishing operations conducted by its nationals, residents or vessels and to co-operate in the attainment of the objectives of this Convention.
		The Parties shall co-operate in the conduct of scientific research in the North Pacific Ocean and its adjacent seas beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, for the purpose of the conservation of anadromous stocks including, as appropriate, scientific research on other ecologically related species.
	www.oceanlaw.net /texts/npas.htm (3287 words)

	Volunteer Angler Survey of Anadromous Brook Trout in Maine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Anadromous brook trout may leave their fresh water environment for periods ranging from a few months to over a year.
		Research in two Maine streams with anadromous brook trout found that their migration from fresh to salt water occurred mainly from April through June.
		Anadromous populations of brook trout appear to be declining throughout their range.
	www.state.me.us /ifw/fishing/anglersurvey.htm (366 words)

	Coastal America: Project Summary - Mitigation of Obstructions to Anadromous Fish Migration
		This restoration project seeks to restore approximately 160 miles of historic anadromous fish spawning runs through the removal or modification of dams which are no longer useful or in operation.
		Water quality degradation, alteration or destruction of estuarine habitats, alteration of river flows, commercial and recreational over fishing, and physical obstructions are all factors thought to have contributed to the decline of the various fisheries populations.
		Environmental agencies involved with anadromous fish management describe dams as the most detrimental obstruction to fish migration.
	www.coastalamerica.gov /text/regions/se/anadromous.html (516 words)

	Hickory Shad Fact Sheet
		It is gray-green in color along its back, silvery with a dusky shoulder spot followed by several faint spots along its sides, and has sharp, saw-like scales or "scutes" along its belly.
		Hickory shad are distinguished from other anadromous alosines by a strongly projecting lower jaw.
		Hickory shad are anadromous fish which spend the majority of their life at sea and only enter freshwater in the spring to spawn.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /fisheries/education/hi_shad/hickshad.html (1224 words)

	Environmental Protection Agency - Anadromous Fish Index
		Anadromous Fish Index-- Anadromous fish live much or most of their lives in ocean waters but return to streams to spawn; other species-- semi-anadromous-- live in estuarine waters but also return to fresh water to spawn.
		Waters where anadromous fish spawning occurs are particularly important to the State's fishery resources, and the success of spawning is critical far beyond the immediate area where reproduction occurs.
		Indicator Use Watersheds with streams where anadromous and semi- anadromous spawn are particularly vulnerable to landscape disturbances that could result in physical, chemical or biological degradation.
	yosemite.epa.gov /water\surfnote.nsf/0/856CE1D6AD2674E685256C8600694E33?OpenDocument (375 words)

	Project Planning - Anadromous Fish Habitat
		An Anadromous Fish Run Site Selection Tool has been developed for Rhode Island through a partnership of the Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC), Department of Environmental Management (DEM), Save The Bay, and the NOAA Coastal Services Center.
		The costs of restoration are largely dependent on site-specific conditions and the types of restoration and monitoring activities planned for a project (see Cost Analysis for details).
		Agencies, NGOs, or individuals proposing the restoration of anadromous fish runs in Rhode Island must secure a variety of permits prior to construction of the project.
	www.edc.uri.edu /restoration/html/tech_sci/projana.htm (949 words)

	Conte anadromous Fish Branch
		During the Industrial Revolution, many populations of anadromous fishes were severely depleted or extirpated by damming, pollution or alteration of their migratory or spawning habitats.
		Some measures were taken in the late 1880s to provide access for anadromous fishes around dams by construction of rudimentary fishways, or by stocking fish into habitats that historically supported large runs.
		With the passage of the Anadromous Fish Conservation Act of 1965, the federal government took an active role in assisting states in their anadromous fish enhancement efforts.
	www.lsc.usgs.gov /caflindex.asp (367 words)

	Rio Anadromous Advantage
		Because it copes with the entire range of fishing conditions you are liable to meet on any anadromous fish river.
		If you are going to hunt anadromous fish with a single hand fly rod, you better be equipped with this fly line...or should we say "fly lines".
		Whether you are fly fishing for steelhead in the US or Canada, salmon in Alaska, searun browns in Europe or argentina, you can expect changing water conditions that will affect your line choice.
	www.flyfishusa.com /lines/rio-anadromous.htm (303 words)

	RIDEM/Freshwater and Anadromous Fisheries Topics Page
		The Freshwater and Anadromous Fisheries section of the RI Division of Fish and Wildlife is located at the Great Swamp Field Headquarters, Great Neck Rd., West Kingston, RI 02892 (401) 789-7481.
		The staff is responsible for the research and management of the freshwater and anadromous fisheries resources of the state.
		This includes pond and stream fisheries surveys, restoration and management of anadromous fish runs, the operation of four freshwater hatcheries, the management of sound stocking programs, and the organization of execution of Aquatic Resource Education (ARE) programs.
	www.dem.ri.gov /topics/fwtopics.htm (120 words)

	WSRCD - Anadromous Fisheries
		The Sacramento River and its tributaries are historical spawning grounds for numerous species of fish, including four runs of Chinook salmon and steelhead (called anadromous fish since they travel to the ocean and return to spawn).
		All of these diversions have contributed to a sharp decline in the number of anadromous fish making their way home each year.
		In the past three years, much of the work being done by the Western Shasta RCD is centered around degraded streams that have a high potential to support spawning salmon populations of Chinook salmon and steelhead, if restored to a healthy, functioning state.
	www.westernshastarcd.org /Fisheries.htm (320 words)

	Revised Draft Anadromous Fish Restoration Plan
		The guidelines are titled "Guidelines for Section 3406(b)(2) Water for Fish and Wildlife Restoration" and the administrative proposals are titled "Anadromous Fish Restoration Program" and "Management of Section 3406(b)(2) water (800,000 acre-feet)." The information in the guidelines and these proposals is consistent with and complementary to information in this Restoration Plan.
		The AFRP will use all the authority and resources provided by the CVPIA to restore anadromous fish and will rely heavily on local involvement and partnerships with property owners, watershed workgroups, public and private organizations, county and local governments, and state and federal agencies.
		The USFWS also thanks the many public and private organizations and individuals that took time to help prepare this plan by attending public workshops, meeting on a local watershed or interest level, or writing or calling to voice their concerns.
	www.krisweb.com /biblio/ccv_usfws_xxxx_1997.htm (769 words)

	State Water Resources Research Institute Program
		In coastal systems, such as those found along the Atlantic seaboard, anadromous fishes are the focus of considerable attention.
		While species such as the Atlantic salmon have garnered the preponderance of attention, ecological interactions and water quality may be most strongly influenced by less glamorous, but historically more abundant fishes such as the River Herring (a name used to collectively refer to alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis).
		Of particular interest are the influences of restoring anadromous alewife to lakes and ponds where no pelagic zooplanktivore currently exists, and the restoration of anadromous alewife into lakes and ponds where landlocked populations of alewife currently reside.
	water.usgs.gov /wrri/04grants/2004CT38B.html (347 words)

	Science - North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission
		The present plan, which was adopted by the commission at its 2005 annual meeting is for the period of 2006-2010.
		What are the current status and trends in marine production of anadromous stocks; and how are these trends related to population structure (spatial and temporal) and diversity of anadromous stocks in marine ecosystems of the North Pacific?
		This has led many experts to conclude that precision monitoring of abundance and biomass in the ocean may be the only reliable method for predicting changes in production of anadromous stocks.
	www.npafc.org /new/science_plan.html (278 words)

	Fish Distribution Database - An Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Catalog of Waters Important for the Spawning, Rearing or Migration of Anadromous Fishes and its associated Atlas (the Catalog and Atlas, respectively) currently contain about 16,000 streams, rivers or lakes around the state which have been specified as being important for the spawning, rearing or migration of anadromous fish.
		It is estimated that at least an additional 20,000 or more anadromous water bodies have not been identified or specified under AS 41.14.870(a).
		To be protected under AS 41.14.870, water bodies must be documented as supporting some life function of an anadromous fish species (salmon, trout, char, whitefish, sturgeon, etc.) Anadromous fish must have been seen or collected and identified by a qualified observer.
	www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us /SARR/FishDistrib/anadcat.cfm (346 words)

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