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Chemistry, metabolism, and intelligence. A unit of: Using science fiction to study the evolution of intelligence Metabolism is the term for a series of chemical reactions that provide energy in a form the organism can use for its own purposes: repairing cells, excreting wastes, making new cells, and reproducing. If anaerobic metabolism does not provide enough extra energy to allow multicellular organisms to develop, it is difficult to see how it is going to provide the even larger quantities of energy needed for intelligence to develop. In aerobic metabolism, hydrogen is the electron donor at the beginning of the process, and oxygen is the electron acceptor at the end. www.molvray.com /sf/exobio/chem_metab.htm   (1900 words)

Anaerobic metabolism - Course Work; Abstracts; althletic training Anaerobic capacity, percentage of anaerobic capacity used during the MRW, percentage of energy used during the MRW that was supplied through anaerobic processes, aerobic metabolic determinants of distance running performance, and MRW time were measured in 26 male and 29 female young adult nonathletes. In multiple regression analyses, anaerobic capacity, and a linear combination of all three anaerobic variables contributed significantly to the prediction of MRW with the effects of gender and VO2 peak held constant, but the additional variance accounted for by the anaerobic variables was relatively small (2-7%). In conclusion, anaerobic metabolism supplies only a small portion of the energy used during the MRW, and anaerobic capacity and metabolism during the MRW do not confound its interpretation as an indicator of maximal aerobic power in a heterogeneous group of young men and women of moderate fitness level. www.alphanutrition.com /exercise/anaerobic.htm   (3158 words)

CYCLING PERFORMANCE TIPS - basic physiology - cell energy metabolism Glycolysis, also known as anaerobic metabolism, occurs in the absence of oxygen and is limited to carbohydrates (glucose, glycogen)as a fuel source. Anaerobic metabolism is limited by the buildup of excess protons (H+ ions, acidic compoounds) in the cell within minutes. Anaerobic is generally the source of energy only for short bursts of high level activity lasting several minutes at most (sprints). www.cptips.com /bscphys.htm   (1786 words)

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic: What is The Difference? :: Provided by MyFoodDiary.com The problem with the terms "aerobic" and "anaerobic" when applied to exercise is that we actually never switch from total aerobic to total anaerobic metabolic conditions. Consequently, it is best to view the terms aerobic and anaerobic as transitions in metabolism, where the proportion between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism changes with changes in exercise intensity. However, a high reliance on anaerobic metabolism is unavoidable for some types of exercise or activities. www.myfooddiary.com /resources/ask_the_expert/aerobic_vs_anaerobic.asp   (786 words)

Metabolism, Book Excerpt, A Natural Guide to Pregnancy and Postpartum Health-Chapter 3, Sound Formulas - Pregnancy ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Once all of this has taken place, metabolic waste, in the form of carbon dioxide and water, is all that is left of the fuel that started out as (hopefully) a nutritious meal. Anaerobic metabolism is like trying to keep a fire going with nothing but tiny twigs. This can happen due either to anaerobic exercise -- exercise that raises the heart rate too high -- which causes the body to burn glucose, or to a deficiency of the B vitamins required to convert the pyruvate into acetyl co-A and move it through the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. www.pregnancyrecovery.com /metabolism.cfm   (2075 words)

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Metabolism The energy created by this type of metabolism is usually used for intense, high-level activities performed in a short period of time, such as sprinting and lifting weights. Since anaerobic metabolism does not require oxygen, it must rely on other reactions to create the energy the body needs. Thus, this type of metabolism is best used for intense physical activities since energy is needed only for a short period of time. members.shaw.ca /mystic_mars/scifairsite/html/anaerobic.html   (304 words)

Glycolysis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) During anaerobic glycolysis, that period of time when glycolysis is proceeding at a high rate (or in anaerobic organisms), the oxidation of NADH occurs through the reduction of an organic substrate. The lactate produced during anaerobic glycolysis diffuses from the tissues and is transproted to highly aerobic tissues such as cardiac muscle and liver. Thus, the ability of an individual to metabolize ethanol is dependent upon the capacity of hepatocytes to carry out eother of these 2 shuttles, which in turn is affected by the rate of the TCA cycle in the mitochondria whose rate of function is being impacted by the NADH produced by the AcDH reaction. web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/glycolysis.html   (4616 words)

The Nutrispec Letter 07-97 Anaerobic tissues are typified by excess anaerobic glycolysis. As in the anaerobic patient there is a compensatory reaction at the systemic level in a futile attempt to balance the excess alkali. The answer lies in the effect of anaerobic and dysaerobic imbalances on both the kidneys and the GI tract. www.royalrife.com /0797.html   (1704 words)

Anaerobic Metabolism of 3-Hydroxybenzoate by the Denitrifying Bacterium Thauera aromatica -- Laempe et al. 183 (3): 968 ... Anaerobic Metabolism of 3-Hydroxybenzoate by the Denitrifying Bacterium Thauera aromatica -- Laempe et al. The anaerobic metabolism of 3-hydroxybenzoate was studied in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica. Anaerobic metabolism of resorcylic acids (m-dihydroxybenzoic acids) and resorcinol (1,3-benzenediol) in a fermenting and in a denitrifying bacterium. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/183/3/968   (6739 words)

Lecture 6-Fuel Utilization During Exercise, Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism, Control of Muscle Protein ... Aerobic metabolism supplies energy more slowly than anaerobic metabolism, but can be sustained for long periods of time up to 5 hours. Anaerobic glycolysis supplies most energy for short term intense exercise ranging from 30 seconds to 2 minutes. The disadvantages of anaerobic metabolism are that it cannot be sustained for long periods, since the accumulation of lactic acid in muscle decreases the pH and inactivates key enzymes in the glycolysis pathway leading to fatigue. www.cellinteractive.com /ucla/nutrition_101/phys_lect6.html   (1620 words)

Team Oregon Tip Anaerobic energy sources are used at the start of exercise and when the intensity of exercise is greater than that which can be supported by the available oxygen supply using aerobic sources. The anaerobic threshold is not an immediate transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism but is more like the point where the anaerobic contribution increases rapidly with intensity. Anaerobic glycolysis or the breakdown of the glucose quickly for intense exercise results in the formation of lactic acid. www.teamoregon.com /~teamore/publications/energy.html   (2079 words)

Free running/cardio training article/tip Is “Anaerobic Exercise” a Myth? from B.O.S.S. Fitness For anaerobic metabolism system to work at a high speed however requires the formation of a substance called lactate or lactic acid. Noakes argues that if according to “traditional” exercise science theory the working muscles were to become anaerobic, then the heart, which is slave to the muscles for supplying oxygen (via blood flow), must become anaerobic first. It should be clear from this article that anaerobic exercise and anaerobic muscle in their defined form cannot exist during even extremely high intensity exercise. www.bossfitness.com /articles_archive/Is_Anaerobic_Exercise_a_Myth.htm   (1046 words)

Las Cruces Fire Department :: Las Cruces, New Mexico Anaerobic training is high intensity, short duration exercise, such as running sprints or stairs. In anaerobic metabolism, the body burns glycogen for fuel. The only oxygen used in anaerobic metabolism is the small quantity of oxygen found in the muscle tissue. www.las-cruces.org /fire/anaerobic_training.html   (336 words)

Ch05 This hypothetical scheme postulates a unified pathway for metabolism of acetate and methanol that employs carrier-bound monocarbon moieties, in lieu of free carbon intermediates. The sediments of hypersaline water bodies are generally anaerobic, partly as a result of biological activity in the sediments and the overlaying water, and also because of the limited solubility of oxygen in hypersaline brine. The biology of anaerobic hypersaline environments has been relatively little studied, though it is curious to note that the first bacteria ever isolated from the hypersaline environment (though not halophilic ones), Clostridia, causing tetanus and gas gangrene, was isolated by Lortet from Dead Sea mat in the end of the 19th Century (Oren 1983). www.fao.org /docrep/t0541e/T0541E05.htm   (6258 words)

Terms   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Metabolism: The sum of all the reactions that occur in a living organism. Catabolism: The metabolic reactions in a cell that result in the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds. It is the constructive part of metabolism, where complex molecules are built up. members.tripod.com /beckysroom/terms1.htm   (130 words)

NISMAT Exercise Physiology Corner: Energy Supply for Muscle Anaerobic glycolysis is not limited by the availability of glycogen; instead, the accumulation of lactic acid and other metabolites is the limiting factor. As in anaerobic metabolism, glucose may be obtained from stored glycogen. From 400 m to 1,500 m, anaerobic glycolysis is the primary energy source. www.nismat.org /physcor/energy_supply.html   (883 words)

Muscle Physiology - Metabolism of Fatty Acids Fatty acids are broken down by progressively cleaving two carbon bits and converting these to acetyl coenzyme A. The acetyl CoA is the oxidized by the same citric acid cycle involved in the metabolism of glucose. The only biological drawback to this, and other, forms of oxidative metabolism is its dependence on oxygen. Interestingly, this implies that an anaerobic workout will not "burn" any fat, but will preferentially deplete the body of glucose. muscle.ucsd.edu /musintro/fattyacid.shtml   (197 words)

Lactic anaerobic metabolism   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) The biochemical process of lactic anaerobic source consists in transforming the muscular glycogen, without oxygen, into the cytoplasm of cells (out of mitochondrias). By another way, the "anaerobic threshold" notion, defined in laboratories by a 4 mmol/l lactaemia, has no biological or experimental sense. It is often used abusively to define an hypothetical limit between the anaerobic metabolism and the aerobic metabolism corresponding to the maximal muscular acidosis. sportech.online.fr /spen_mt2.html   (303 words)

Anaerobic exercise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The anaerobic threshold (AT) is the exercise intensity at which lactate starts to accumulate in the blood stream. Fartlek (speed-play) training and interval training take advantage of the body being able to temporarily exceed the anaerobic threshold, and then recover (reduce blood-lactate) while operating at below the threshold, but still doing physical activity. Fartlek would be used by people who are constantly moving, with occasional bouts of speed, such as basketballers, while interval training is more suited to sprinters, who exert maximum effort and then can stop exerting completely. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anaerobic_exercise   (803 words)

Anaerobic Threshold Training The anaerobic threshold (AT) (also called the lactate threshold) is the level of exertion where your body must switch from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism. Your lungs provide the oxygen and get rid of the CO This is the metabolic pathway that provides most of the energy we use in our daily activities. Anaerobic metabolism kicks in when the preferable aerobic system can no longer keep up with the demand for energy - when we cross the AT. www.concept2.com /05/training/training/comptrain_at.asp   (431 words)

Selenocysteine-Containing Proteins in Anaerobic Benzoate Metabolism of Desulfococcus multivorans -- Peters et al. 186 ... Benzoate fermentation by the anaerobic bacterium Syntrophus aciditrophicus in the absence of hydrogen-using microorganisms. Metabolism of benzoate, cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate, and cyclohexane carboxylate by "Synthrophus aciditrophicus" strain SB in syntrophic association with H Anaerobic metabolism of resorcyclic acids (m-dihydroxybenzoic acids) and resorcinol (1,3-benzenediol) in a fermenting and in a denitrifying bacterium. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/7/2156   (4033 words)

Identification and Analysis of Genes Involved in Anaerobic Toluene Metabolism by Strain T1: Putative Role of a Glycine ... Evidence that anaerobic oxidation of toluene in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica is initiated by formation of benzylsuccinate from toluene and fumarate. Anaerobic degradation of toluene by a denitrifying bacterium. Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism GS-15. aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/5/1650   (4877 words)

Muscle Physiology - Glucose Metabolism Two different pathways are involved in the metabolism of glucose: one anaerobic and one aerobic. The anaerobic process occurs in the cytoplasm and is only moderately efficient. Each NADH will be oxidized to NAD, generating three ATPs (although it "costs" one ATP to transfer the NADHs generated during anaerobic metabolism into the mitochondria for reduction). muscle.ucsd.edu /musintro/glucose.shtml   (364 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Anaerobic metabolism is used to produce intense power for a short period of time. Anaerobic metabolism relies exclusively on carbohydrate as an energy source. Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen, thus it primarily occurs at low and moderate rates of activity. www.utc.edu /Course/HECO135/Metabolism.html   (320 words)

3.6 Function of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions Still, degradation of glucose to pyruvate is a viable source of energy, and it is the major one that operates in our tissues while oxygen is in short supply, as in muscle during maximal exercise such as a 100 meter dash. Some cells in the human body, most notably the erythrocytes (red blood cells), rely entirely on anaerobic glycolysis for ATP production, since they lack the ability to oxidize pyruvate. Anaerobic glycolysis is a common pathway of energy production not only in animals but also in microbes, e.g. watcut.uwaterloo.ca /webnotes/Metabolism/page-3.6.html   (405 words)

Testosterone (The Natural Anabolic Steroid or TNAS) If there is a shift to anaerobic metabolism in the heart muscle, it may just work itself to death in short order, even with a sufficient blood supply. Thus, an increased cholesterol level is a signal that metabolism has shifted toward the anaerobic and alerts us that we should do what is necessary to deliver more oxygen to the tissues and also to condition the tissues to use that oxygen more efficiently. The dominating influence of cortisol and the catecholamines from aging and stress is reversed, and the probability of a catastrophic cardiovascular accident is greatly decreased. www.medical-library.net /sitesd/_testosterone_therapy.html   (5459 words)

Anaerobic exercise / metabolism /Training - Badminton Central Discussion Forums Anaerobic training is shorter than aerobic training in duration (less than two minutes), in which oxygen is not a limiting factor in performance, and requires energy from anaerobic sources. It is important note that although one energy system may be predominate for a given activity, all systems are in use to some degree during anaerobic, or interval training. in short, 'anaerobic exercise' is inevitable for a professional athlete. www.badmintoncentral.com /vb/showthread.php?t=19875   (1129 words)

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