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Topic: Anaesthetic

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	Anaesthetic, local [Section Title] - Health encyclopaedia - NHS Direct
		A local anaesthetic is a medicine that causes a complete loss of feeling to a specific part of your body without causing you to lose consciousness.
		Anaesthetic is a drug used to either numb a part of the body (local), or to put a patient to sleep (general) during surgery.
		A local anaesthetic is a drug that is injected by needle or applied as a cream, which causes a loss of feeling in a specific area of the body.
	www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk /en.aspx?printPage=1&articleId=419 (350 words)

	* Anaesthetic - (Pregnancy & Parenting): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		She will inject a local anaesthetic into the space between your spinal column and the spinal cord, numbing the nerves that serve the uterus...
		This is normally performed under general anaesthetic for molar pregnancies (due to the large amount of tissue that needs to be removed)...
		You'll be given a local anaesthetic (unless you already have an epidural in place) and probably an episiotomy (a cut made to enlarge the opening of your vagina) too,...
	www.bestknows.com /pregnancy/anaesthetic.html (504 words)

	Anesthesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The development of effective anaesthetics in the 19th century was, with Listerian techniques, one of the keys to successful surgery.
		The anaesthetic qualities of nitrous oxide (isolated by Joseph Priestley) were discovered by the British chemist Humphry Davy about 1795 when he was an assistant to Thomas Beddoes, and reported in a paper in 1800.
		It is these type of local anaesthetic agents that are generally used within regional and epidural/spinal techniques namely due to their longer duration of action providing adequate analgesia suitable for surgery, labour and symptomatic relief.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anaesthetic (1476 words)

	General anaesthetic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Inhalational anaesthetic substances are either volatile liquids or gases and are usually delivered using an anaesthesia machine.
		Injection anaesthetics are used for induction and maintenance of a state of unconsciousness.
		It is now known that general anaesthetics act on the central nervous system by modifying the electrical activity of neurons at a molecular level by modifying the function of ion channels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/General_anaesthetic (371 words)

	Anaesthetic vaporizer - Patent 4607634
		The present invention relates to anaesthetic vaporisers which are devices for mixing the vapour of a volatile liquid anaesthetic agent with a carrier gas (which term is to be understood to include gas mixtures), for subsequent administration to a patient.
		Anaesthetic vaporisers are known in which the carrier gas supplied to the vaporiser is divided into two streams.
		It is an aim of the present invention to provide an anaesthetic vaporiser of the "by-pass" type having a valve arrangement which is simple and economic to manufacture and which is capable of being used in field or emergency applications when skilled personnel may not be present.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4607634.html (1542 words)

	Anaesthetic Department
		Having a general anaesthetic means that you are given drugs to make you go to sleep for the duration of your operation.
		Your anaesthetist will then ask you to breathe some oxygen from a face mask which you can hold for yourself if you wish (if you are claustrophobic mention this to your anaesthetist when he or she sees you on the ward and methods of avoiding this problem will be discussed).
		Anaesthetic drugs will then be injected into the drip and you will slowly drift off to sleep.
	www.ctc.nhs.uk /anaes_patinfo.html (3275 words)

	What every patient should learn about anaesthesia. J.Oyston , A.De Nicola
		In addition to all these mechanical monitors, and the alarm systems built into the anaesthetic machine, the anaesthetist remains with the patient from the time the patient goes to sleep until he/she is safe and stable in the recovery room.
		Other drugs may be added to the local anaesthetic, including epinephrine (adrenaline), to decrease bleeding, and sodium bicarbonate, to decrease the acidity of the drug, in an attempt to make it work faster.
		Often, additional anaesthetic can be given, either by repeating the original block, doing a different block of the same area, or injecting local anaesthetic into the incision, during surgery.
	www.salus.it /anest/patient.html (2649 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Anaesthetic vaporiser
		An anaesthetic vaporiser is a device generally attached to an anaesthetic machine which delivers a given concentration of a volatile anaesthetic agent.
		By the 1980s, the anaesthetic vaporiser had evolved considerably; subsequent modifications lead to a raft of additional safety features such as temperature compensation, a bimetallic strip, temperature-adjusted splitting ratio and anti-spill measures.
		The plenum vaporiser is driven by positive pressure from the anaesthetic machine, and is usually mounted on the machine.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Anaesthetic_vaporiser (1287 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Of the few anaesthetic agents known to the ancients, opium and hemp were the most important.
		He failed to publish his findings however and the credit for the discovery of the anaesthetic properties of ether was given to the American dentist William Morton, who in 1846 publically demostrated it's use during a tooth extraction.
		Local anaesthetics are used in most areas of medicine from the dentists chair to the chiropodists table.
	www.sunderland.ac.uk /~hs0dad/profile/procaine/banas.htm (432 words)

	Your child is having a general anaesthetic factsheet
		A general anaesthetic ensures that your child is fully asleep and free of pain during a test or operation.
		When used, a premed is given an hour or so before the anaesthetic - usually in the form of a liquid for your child to swallow, but occasionally it may be given by injection because of the nature of either the operation or the anaesthesia.
		Caudal block: An injection of local anaesthetic solution given at the bottom of the back to block the pain sensation in the area of the operation.
	www.gosh.nhs.uk /factsheets/families/F010273 (1558 words)

	Anaesthesia - local, regional, general anaesthetic & complications
		With regional anaesthesia, a small amount of an anaesthetic drug is injected near to the nerves that supply a part of the body.
		The anaesthetic temporarily prevents the nerves from sending any messages to the brain — where pain is registered — so the part of the body is completely insensitive to pain.
		It involves an injection of anaesthetic into the fluid that surrounds the nerves in lower part of the spine, and is used for operations below the waist or in the pelvic region.
	hcd2.bupa.co.uk /fact_sheets/html/anaesthesia.html (1203 words)

	The Pharmacology of Local Anaesthetic Agents (page 1)
		Local anaesthetic agents can be defined as drugs which are used clinically to produce reversible loss of sensation in a circumscribed area of the body.
		The primary electrophysiological effect of these compounds is to cause a local decrease in the rate and degree of depolarisation of the nerve membrane such that the threshold potential for transmission is not reached and the electrical impulse is not propagated down the nerve.
		Adrenaline is the most commonly used vasoconstrictor, it is added to local anaesthetic solutions in concentrations ranging from 1 in 80,000 to 1 in 300,000, although most are usually prepared to contain a 1 in 200,000 (5 microgram /ml) concentration of adrenaline.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u04/u04_014.htm (1081 words)

	Anaesthetic injections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is the preferred anaesthetic for a woman having a Caesarean section, in which case the anaesthetic is injected into the spine a little higher up to give more widespread numbness.
		A procedure similar to an epidural except that the injection of the anaesthetic is made into the sac of cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the end of the spinal cord.
		If full strength anaesthetic is used then the numbness will be complete and the mother will be unable to move her limbs, as the nerves supplying the muscles to the legs will be completely anaesthetised.
	www.acegraphics.com.au /parents/drugs/anaesthetic.html (1711 words)

	Guardian \| NHS still using outmoded anaesthetic equipment
		Scores of out-of-date anaesthetic machines are still in use in the NHS despite new safety guidelines issued after the death of a young child, ministers have admitted.
		A total of 139 anaesthetic machines which do not comply with new Department of Health regulations remain operational well over a year after hospitals were told to modify or replace them, according to government figures obtained by the Liberal Democrat health spokesman, Evan Harris.
		The anaesthetic machine was not fitted with an anti-hypoxia guard - a device which controls the gases given to a patient.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4484139-103690,00.html (533 words)

	News Release Checking Anaesthetic Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The availability of the laminated checklist on every anaesthetic machine is, and will continue to be, an integral part of routine College inspections of every training hospital in the United Kingdom.
		It is intended that every anaesthetic machine in Great Britain and Ireland should have this replacement Checklist attached together with a logbook to record by signature the pre-session check.
		Anaesthetic machines have evolved from the simple Boyle's machine to sophisticated workstations, which when switched on instigate a microprocessor controlled self-testing programme.
	www.aagbi.org /release_Checking_Anaesthetic_Equiptment.html (853 words)

	KiwiCareers - Anaesthetic Technician / Print Page
		Anaesthetic technicians assist anaesthetists and prepare operating theatres and clinics for anaesthetic procedures.
		Anaesthetic technicians need to be able to remain calm in emergencies, and work and make decisions under pressure.
		Anaesthetic technicians usually work rostered shifts covering a 24-hour period, so they may work evenings and weekends, and they may also be on call.
	www.kiwicareers.govt.nz /jobs/3e_hte/j80356x.htm (1275 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Anaesthetic machine
		The anaesthetic machine (or anesthesia machine in America) is used by anaesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia.
		Simpler anaesthetic apparatus may be used in special circumstances, such as the TriService Apparatus, a simplified anaesthesia delivery system invented for the British armed forces, which is light, portable and may be used effectively even when no medical gases are available.
		Many of the early innovations in U.S. anaesthetic equipment, including the closed circuit carbon-dioxide absorber (aka: the Guedel-Foregger Midget) and diffusion of such equipment to anaesthetists within the United States can be attributed to Dr.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Anesthetic_machine (955 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| MS 'linked to anaesthetic gases'
		They were asked about their jobs, the extent of their exposure to anaesthetic gases, and the timing of symptoms and diagnosis of MS.
		Eleven nurse anaesthetists had been exposed to anaesthetic gases before their MS was diagnosed, for an average of 14 years.
		They are calling for tighter controls on the levels of circulating anaesthetic gases in operating theatres and better ventilation to minimise the risks.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/2584083.stm (480 words)

	Epidural - anaesthetic injection for pain relief in labour
		There is also evidence that having an epidural instead of a general anaesthetic reduces the risk of surgical complications such as developing a blood clot in a leg vein (deep vein thrombosis).
		An injection of local anaesthetic into the epidural space in the lower back results in a loss of sensation in the pelvic region and legs.
		Sometimes after the epidural anaesthetic is given, the drug does not spread equally around the spinal cord, meaning that one half of the body is better anaesthetised that the other.
	hcd2.bupa.co.uk /fact_sheets/mosby_factsheets/epidural.html (1259 words)

	Patients' Guide to Local and Regional Anaesthesia
		Often, additional anaesthetic can be given, either by repeating the original block, doing a different block of the same area, or by having the surgeon inject local anaesthetic into the incision.
		The major disadvantage of a spinal anaesthetic is a drop in blood pressure, caused by temporary blockage of the nerves that control blood flow into the legs, so that blood collects in them.
		Epidural or extradural anaesthesia uses a larger volume of anaesthetic, positioned in the fat and veins further away from the spinal cord.
	www.oyston.com /anaes/local.html (2328 words)

	Allergy to Local Anaesthetics
		The "esters" are derivatives of para-aminobenzoic acid, which is known to be allergenic in nature and hence it is not unusual that a certain percentage of the population demonstrate allergic reactions to this group of drugs.
		In patients where it is deemed that use of local anaesthetic may be a better choice, the next step would be to do a progressive challenge with dilute solution (1:1000) and then undiluted intradermal injection of local anaesthetics to diagnose allergy to the agent.
		In all instances where local anaesthetics are employed proper patient monitoring, meticulous technique, functioning resuscitative equipment and trained help will go a long way in providing a safe and pain free environment at a relatively low cost in the ambulatory setting.
	www.theberries.ns.ca /Archives/anaesthetics.html (909 words)

	Animal Health Trust \| Factsheets
		Also, during an anaesthetic, the bulk of a full stomach may reduce the animal's ability to breathe properly.
		You should ensure that your pet is as fit as possible, ie neither too fat or too thin and well exercised.Tell your vet as much as possible about the animal, eg if it drinks or eats a lot, coughs, vomits, or has diarrhoea.
		With modern anaesthetics and analgesics, there is a range of options for pain relief.
	www.aht.org.uk /fsheets/fsheets1.html (675 words)

	Anaesthetic Awareness: 16 Jun 2005: Written answers (TheyWorkForYou.com)
		There are currently no procedures to encourage specific reporting of anaesthetic awareness by patients and the Department does not routinely collect information about the number of cases.
		The NPSA is now in the process of identifying and prioritising areas for action and is being assisted in its work by a clinical speciality adviser (CSA) in anaesthetics and an anaesthetic reference group.
		The guidelines were developed jointly with the Royal College of Anaesthetists and their application by all anaesthetic staff will help to improve patient safety.
	www.theyworkforyou.com /wrans/?id=2005-06-16.2375.h&s=speaker:11324 (365 words)

	Expert panel to look into blocked anaesthetic tubing incidents -- McKenna 325 (7357): 183 -- BMJ
		In relation to the number of anaesthetics given over this time, the rate of occurrence of the incidents is estimated to be 1 in 5 million.
		The Medical Devices Agency has issued hazard warnings to anaesthetists, urging them to check the patency of anaesthetic tubing before use and advising proper storage of equipment so that intravenous caps and angle pieces are kept separately.
		Angle pieces are normally sealed in a package with anaesthetic tubing, but manufacturers provide multiple pieces and sometimes the single use pieces are sterilised and reused.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/325/7357/183 (285 words)

	Local Anaesthesia for Inguinal and Femoral Hernia Repair (page 1)
		When adrenaline is mixed with the local anaesthetic (normally in a dilution of 1:200,000) useful vasoconstriction is produced resulting in a relatively bloodless field.
		Although pain sensation is usually blocked by the anaesthetic, traction on certain tissues, particularly the peritoneum, is uncomfortable.
		Resuscitation equipment must be available in case the patient develops a reaction to the local anaesthetic and a cannula inserted into a vein.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u04/u04_012.htm (694 words)

	Anaesthetic
		If fact, Australia is the safest place in the world to have an anaesthetic, with a death rate of only one in forty thousand.
		The nose and mouth are covered with a mask carrying oxygen, a mixture of anaesthetic gases to keep the patient asleep, anti-nausea drugs and pain killers.
		The amount of gas given is determined by an estimate made by the anaesthetist on the basis of the weight and general condition of the patient.
	health.ninemsn.com.au /article.aspx?id=2810 (665 words)

	Anaesthetic
		An anaesthetic is used to temporarily reduce or take away sensation, usually so that otherwise painful procedures or surgery can be performed.
		For some operations, the best option is to combine a local anaesthetic such as spinal or epidural anaesthesia with medicines to make the patient sleepy.
		Anaesthetics are almost entirely safe, but every operation carries a very slight risk.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /health_advice/facts/anaesthetic.htm (955 words)

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