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Topic: Anaesthetic machine

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Continuous flow anaesthetic machines date back to the first availability of compressed gases, and despite numerous modifications the modern apparatus retains many of the features of the original Boyle's machine, a British Oxygen Company trade name in honour of the British anaesthetist H E G Boyle (1875-1941).
		The standard E size oxygen cylinders attached to anaesthetic machines are supplied at 134-bar, (2000psi) pressure and contain 680 litres of oxygen.
		Anaesthetic machines operate at 4-bar, (60psi) pressure and therefore the compressed medical gases in cylinders pass through pressure regulating valves valves to bring the gas pressure to a constant and safe 4-bar pressure.
	website.lineone.net /~trainee.odp/anaesmch.html (1188 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Anaesthetic vapour is collected from the vaporiser and delivered to the anaesthetic breathing circuit using oxygen, which is required to sustain the life of the patient.
		The"enclosed"design of the anaesthetic machine enables the machine body to be fully assembled, including vaporiser, ready for use upon removal from packaging with minimal risk of damage during shipment (all delicate components being located within the enclosure).
		A connector arrangement for an anaesthetic circuit, comprising a manifold including at least one inlet and a plurality of outlets, the at least one inlet and plurality of outlets being arranged for connection to gas lines in the anaesthetic circuit, whereby to facilitate minimising the extent of gas line components required in the anaesthetic circuit.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/43803.010621&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3912 words)

	Medical Dictionary - ANAESTHETIC MACHINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sometimes referred to as the anaesthetic trolley, this normally refers to a trolley on which are mounted gas cylinders and/or pipelines for various gases used in anaesthesia, together with the various valves, controls and ancillary equipment used by the anaesthetist.
		An anaesthetic machine may also be used in conjunction with, or be incorporated into, a ventilator.
		The main components of an anaesthetic machine are high- pressure gas reservoirs and/or pipelines, pressure reducing valves, flowmeters (usually of the rotameter type), pressure gauges, carbon dioxide absorbers, a fresh gas outlet, oxygen flush assembly, and vaporizers.
	home.btconnect.com /MalcolmBrown/entries/ANAESTHETIC_MACHINE.html (321 words)

	Volatile anaesthetic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The volatile anaesthetics are a class of general anaesthetic drugs.
		In addition it is odourless or pleasant to inhale; safe for all ages and in pregnancy; not metabolised to toxic products; rapid in onset and offset; potent; and safe for exposure to operating room staff.
		Anaesthetists adminster these agents using an anaesthetic vaporiser attached to an anaesthetic machine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volatile_anaesthetic (378 words)

	anaesthetic - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about anaesthetic
		A topical substance may be applied to the skin or tissue surface; a local agent may be injected into the tissues under the skin in the area to be treated; or a regional block of sensation may be achieved by injection into a nerve.
		Spinal anaesthetic, such as epidural, is injected into the tissues surrounding the spinal cord, producing loss of feeling in the lower part of the body.
		Less than one in 5,000 patients aged 20–40 may become sensitized to anaesthetics as a result of previously having undergone operations.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /anaesthetic (349 words)

	Continuous Flow Anaesthetic Apparatus - The Boyle's Machine (page 1)
		Pressurised gases are supplied by cylinders or pipelines to the anaesthetic machine which controls the flow of gases before passing them through a vaporiser and delivering the resulting mixture to the patient via the breathing circuit.
		The standard E size oxygen cylinders attached to anaesthetic machines are supplied at 134 bar pressure and contain 680 litres of oxygen.
		Anaesthetic machines operate at 4 bar pressure and therefore the compressed medical gases in cylinders pass through reducing valves to bring the gas pressure to a constant 4 bar.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u06/u06_015.htm (813 words)

	Virtual Anaesthetic Machine - VAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The latest version (1993) of the anesthesia machine pre-use checklist as developed by the FDA is shown.
		If an anesthesia provider uses the same machine in successive cases, the steps shaded in gray need not be repeated or can be abbreviated after the initial checkout.
		For convenience, a disposable 1993 FDA checklist is formatted to print as a PDF, FlashPaper, or Word document on one page which, when folded in four, should fit in a medical scrub pocket.
	vam.anest.ufl.edu /fdacheckout.html (959 words)

	The Medicine Journal - April 2002: Pitfalls to avoid when using anaesthetic equipment Continued... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A variety of anaesthetic ventilators are used in theatre, and the user should familiarise him-/herself with those that he commonly uses.
		An alternative means of ventilation should be on standby, especially with the new electronic anaesthetic machines, in case of a total shut down.
		Ohmeda machines for example the Excel range, are equipped with a one-way valve near the common gas outlet to prevent backpressure to the machine.
	www.medpharm.co.za /safp/2002/april/pitfall2.html (1506 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Moscow Theatre Siege
		anaesthetic into the theater through a hole in the wall before storming the building from the roof and from all entrances.
		They decided on this tactic because of the large number of terrorists and the explosives they had scattered all over the building, and the likelihood that they would start killing hostages as soon as they realised they were under attack.
		anaesthetic or Early detection of chemical agents Sociopolitical climate of chemical warfare ARMIS BELLA NON VENENIS GERI War is fought with weapons, not with poisons While the study of chemicals and their military uses was widespread in China, the use of toxic materials has historically been viewed with mixed emotions and some...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Moscow-Theatre-Siege (3699 words)

	Winterlude Symposium 1994 - Troubleshooting the Anesthesia Machine
		The high-pressure circuit is that part of the machine which is upstream from the flow control valves, and the low-pressure circuit is that part of the machine which is downstream from the flow control valves.
		It evaluates the portion of the machine that is downstream from all safety devices except the oxygen analyzer.
		Nevertheless, a thorough understanding of the machine is mandatory for the safe practice of anesthesia.
	www.anesthesia.org /winterlude/wl94/wl94_1.html (2523 words)

	Henry Rex Marrett -- Shaw 328 (7439): 587 Data Supplement - Longer version -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Rex designed a portable machine with a special regard to its possible use in wartime conditions, and when called up to the RAMC he took the machine with him.
		Consequently on returning to the UK at the termination of the hostilities he was commissioned by the army to design and build a prototype for a field anaesthetic machine.
		Leaving the armed forces he was employed for a time as a consultant to the army, but in 1947 he was appointed as a consultant anaesthetist to the Coventry Group of Hospitals, where he set to work to establish a modern department.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/328/7439/587-c/DC1 (381 words)

	Anaesthesia Information Page
		This anaesthetic machine gives you all the oxygen and anaesthetic gas you need and may help your breathing as well.
		A major advantage of the epidural anaesthetic is that further local anaesthetic can be injected into the epidural drip for days after the operation maintaining excellent pain relief no matter how painful the operation might have been.
		This is an extremely rare occurrence and happens as rarely as dying under anaesthetic.
	bhhdoa.org.au /aip/choices.html (1745 words)

	sBMJ
		Unless dominated by the roar of an orthopaedic chain saw, it is the anaesthetist and his or her monitors that provide that familiar backdrop to the theatre.
		In the United Kingdom, we worry about how we are going to replace thousands of anaesthetic machines without hypoxic guards, but anaesthetists in isolated or less developed parts of the world are grateful for a machine that works at all.
		Machines must be robust, inexpensive, and be able to function despite erratic medical supplies, frequent power cuts, and limited facilities for servicing.
	www.studentbmj.com /back_issues/0203/life/31.html (853 words)

	The Humphrey ADE-Circle Anaesthetic Breathing System, Anaequip, UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In this mode of use, the Humphrey ADE is simple to use and is safe because it provides a gas mixture with known inspired gas and vapour tensions which are as set on the anaesthetic machine.
		With the increasing use of MRI scanners, the strong magnets within these scanners prevent the use of standard anaesthetic machines near the unit, necessitating the purchase of expensive MRI compatible machines.
		With a fresh gas hose from the anaesthetic machine placed up to 6 metres away, anaesthetic gases can be fed to the ADE unit from an anaesthetic machine placed outside the magnetic zone.
	www.anaequip.com /pecono.htm (1478 words)

	An audit of anaesthetic fresh-gas flow rates and volatile anaesthetic use in a teaching hospital
		The gas flows recorded represent responsible use of anaesthetic agents and are at least as good as flows achieved in previous studies that employed various methods to encourage their reduction.
		Data were collected from the anaesthetic machine (Datex ADU) and fed into a computer placed on the base of the machine.
		Other advantages of modern anaesthetic machines include ventilators that are able to take account of the compliance of the breathing circuit, more sophisticated models of ventilation, and integration of gas delivery, ventilator monitoring and alarms.
	www.nzma.org.nz /journal/116-1174/438 (3077 words)

	The Humphrey ADE-Circle Anaesthetic Breathing System, Anaequip, UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		If no MRI compatible anaesthetic machine is available, a standard machine can be placed in the protected area away from the scanner while the ADE system is left inside clamped to a post (see information on clamp kit below).
		An lSO lock nut is available to secure it to an anaesthetic machine but, as many machines do not have the complimentary locking thread on the fresh gas outlet, a clamp allows the system to be attached to a convenient round pole, rail or square post.
		Fresh gas is supplied to the ADE system through a hose connected from the anaesthetic machine; the hose can be as long as required, even up to 5-6 metres (as may be needed in MRI or X-ray environments).
	www.anaequip.com /sclosed.htm (1402 words)

	Province of MB \| The PCSIR - Ch 3 - The day of surgery
		Anaesthetic residents might be permitted to administer drugs or insert tubes or lines, as directed and supervised by the anaesthetist.
		The CPB machine was a pumping device that diverted blood away from the heart, and returned it to the body at a point beyond the heart.
		The aortic cannula, which connected the CPB machine via tubing to the aorta, was placed first, in case the patient needed to be transfused quickly.
	www.pediatriccardiacinquest.mb.ca /ch03/dayofsurgery.html (7155 words)

	Health 24 - [cctitle], The equipment
		The basic purpose of the machine is to produce a controllable gas mixture that will be delivered to the patient through a set of tubes called the anaesthetic circuit.
		These gases are supplied to the machine from pipelines connected to containers of gas outside the hospital, and in the case of oxygen and nitrous oxide there are also cylinders of gas mounted on the anaesthetic machine for backup purposes.
		The gases enter the machine at high pressures which are reduced and enter the controlling devices that enable the anaesthesiologist to vary the amount of each gas being delivered to the patient.
	www.health24.com /medical/Condition_centres/777-792-799-1588,19768.asp (486 words)

	Continuous Flow Anaesthetic Apparatus - The Boyle's Machine (page 2)
		Unlike the Boyles bottle where a large proportion of the gas is passed over or bubbled through the volatile anaesthetic agent, modern continuous flow vaporisers split off a small proportion of the gas flow and completely saturate it with the volatile agent.
		A guide to checking a Boyles anaesthetic machine which uses cylinders as the source of compressed gases is shown in Table 1.
		If the anaesthetic machine is fitted with a pressure relief valve it should be tested by occluding the common gas outlet with a thumb whilst gas is flowing.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u06/u06_016.htm (987 words)

	BBC News \| HEALTH \| Patients 'still face' anaesthetic risk
		Elderly anaesthetic machines gathering dust in the corners of casualty and radiology departments could still put patients at risk, say researchers.
		He said that the combination of an older machine and a poorly-trained operator raised the risk to the patient.
		However, he stressed that receiving an anaesthetic by machine was still generally incredibly safe.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/1542946.stm (699 words)

	Patient Guide to General Anaesthesia
		In Canada, most anaesthetics are given by doctors who, after completing their medical training, take additional training in anaesthesia.
		In addition to all these mechanical monitors, and the alarm systems built into the anaesthetic machine, the anaesthetist remains with the patient from the time the patient goes to sleep until he or she is safe and stable in the recovery room.
		However, it is usual to start with an injection of a drug to put you to sleep and to follow on with anaesthetic gases to continue the anaesthetic.
	www.oyston.com /ptinfo/patientga.htm (1180 words)

	Education
		Anaesthetic technicians must have excellent ‘people’ skills and be able to relate to all groups with whom they have daily contact – in particular, patients, anaesthetists, nurses and other team members working in the operating room environment.
		Anaesthetic technology is already a very significant speciality in the operating room environment and in other clinical areas such as Critical Care, Emergency Medicine and Investigative Radiology.
		After discussions with Janine Gunn, Charge Anaesthetic Technician, Hutt Hospital and members of the NZATS Executive, it was considered that a great deal of meeting time would be lost in travel time from Wellington Airport to Lower Hutt and return.
	www.nzats.co.nz /Education.htm (2191 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		But whereas surgeons applauded when Health Care International (HCI), a private hospital, announced this month that one of its doctors had invented an anaesthetic machine which means people feel much less sick after operations and speeds their recovery, reaction in Scotland was less than ecstatic.
		The anaesthetic used by Mr Kenny 's machine is propofol, which has been in use for about ten years.
		Tests at HCI, which is using Mr Kenny 's machine on all its patients, and at other hospitals show that the machine cuts the proportion of patients suffering nausea to less than 10%.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /nlp/summarization-test/summary-test/econom4/textdata8.html (602 words)

	Global Dialysis: What is Dialysis
		The procedure is monitored by a machine, which provides also the dialysis fluid, mixing it from a concentrate and water.
		The technician or nurse will set up plumbing on the machine in a moderately complex pattern that has been worked out to move blood through the filter, allow for saline drip (or not), allow for various other medications/chemicals to be administered.
		For patients with a fistula (a surgical modification to an arm or leg vein to make it more robust, and therefore usable for high capacity blood movement required by dialysis) this means inserting two large gauge needles into the fistula.
	www.globaldialysis.com /dialysis.asp (2537 words)

	General Anaesthesia in the DVG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The vast majority of our anaesthetics are maintained using modern anaesthetic machines identical to those used in human hospitals.
		We use the modern safer anaesthetic agents such as Isoflourane with a combination of anaesthetic circuits depending on the patient and the condition for which we are operating.
		So that we can control the anaesthetic precisely we fit a tube into the airway of the patient which is sealed so that this excludes not only all outside air, but also any fluids etc from invading the air passages while we work.
	www.downlandvets.co.uk /Pages/Clinical/Pages/Anesth4.html (541 words)

	Preparing a New Generation Anaesthetic Machine for Patients Susceptible to Malignant Hyperthermia
		Anaesthetic machines are prepared for use with patients who are susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) by flushing with oxygen at 10 l/min for ten minutes to reduce the anaesthetic concentration to 1 part per million (ppm) or less.
		Anaesthetic workstations are now often used in place of traditional machines.
		The washout of isoflurane from the machine and patient breathing circuit was much slower than from the machine alone, with a concentration less than 2 ppm reached only after 30 minutes.
	www.aaic.net.au /article.asp?D=2002143 (327 words)

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