Analogue Filter - Factbites

Analogue Filter - Factbites
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Topic: Analogue Filter

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	Analogue-to-digital converters, digital-to-analogue converters, and digital modulators - Patent 5341135
		In accordance with the invention, the second sigma-delta converter B acts as a second quantizing means and produces a digital output from the output of A-D converter 5 (the second digital signal) representative of the error signal after filtering in error filter 10 and amplification in error amplifier 11.
		Sigma-delta A-D converters include quantizing means for producing a digital output, oversampled relative to the signal bandwidth, and a feedback loop for feeding back a signal derived from the digital output to be combined with the analog input for input to filter means, the output of the filter means being connected to the quantizing means.
		An analog-to-digital converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output of the error filter means is connected to an amplifier, the output of the amplifier being connected to the second quantizing means.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5341135.html (3669 words)

	Tutorial - Analogue Synthesis for beginners
		In analogue synthesis, raw sounds are generated with an oscillator, tonal shaping is performed with a filter, and volume is controlled by an envelope generator.
		In older analogue synths they were regular or cyclic waveforms such as sine, triangle, square and sawtooth, but computer-based oscillators can generate all sorts of weird and wonderful wave shapes.
		In fact, the digital synthesis methods used by many digital synthesizers are based on the principles of analogue synthesis, and a basic grounding in analogue will help you understand how most synths work.
	www.computermusic.co.uk /tutorial/a_sforbeg/a_sforbeg.asp (3669 words)

	AnandTech - Digital Comb Filters on HDTVs
		The comb filter is used for one purpose only - it's used to process a composite (analogue) signal for display or recording.
		The cable signal is digital (so comb filtering is not required) and a new analogue signal is generated by the decoders in the STB.
		'Digital' comb filter refers to the fact that it's digitally implemented so it can do its job a little better.
	forums.anandtech.com /messageview.cfm?catid=31&threadid=1680342 (1573 words)

	Comb Filter
		Comb filters, which are a special case of multiple notch filters, are the rarest of all analogue synthesiser filters.
		The RS120 is a comb filter based upon a BBD (bucket brigade device) analogue delay line.
		After the low-pass filter, the most common synthesiser filter is the 'high-pass' filter, so called because it passes frequencies above the cut-off frequency, and attenuates those lying below it.
	www.analoguesystems.co.uk /modules/rs120.htm (884 words)

	OneStop Filter Description
		DIN rail mounting radio frequency interference filter and transient voltage suppressor for voltage and current loop analogue and digital process signals
		In addition, the filter enables sensors and transducers that give outputs in the millivolt range, or exhibit a variable resistance characteristic, to have their signals taken some distance to a point where amplification and processing can be conveniently carried out, while maintaining good rejection to external sources of interference.
		Solid state analogue and associated processor based systems are potentially suseptible to all types of interference be they random pulse events or continuous in nature.
	www.confordelec.co.uk /osfdesc.html (360 words)

	Melitta - A Digital Filter Project
		This design method uses analogue reference filters in order to generate digital filter parameter sets for the following filter families:
		The designed analogue filter transfer function are transformed into the z-transfer function by using:
		A finite sample of the impulse response of the ideal filter (infinte Sinc(n) function) is used to compose a FIR filter.
	www.wurmsdobler.org /melitta/designer.html (360 words)

	Product Detail for the TF-16 Anti-aliasing filter card
		Low pass filters are required in front of analogue-to-digital convertors to prevent aliasing of high frequency components into your resultant output.
		ELIMINATE ALIASES The Techfilter is a high performance, 16 channel, analogue low pass filter designed for PC compatible based signal acquisition systems.
		By setting the cutoff frequency of the Techfilter to below the Nyquist frequency, the Aliasing problem is eliminated.
	www.laplaceinstruments.com /tf-16.htm (310 words)

	Analogue Synthesizer Moogulatorium - Analog synth vintage and future analogue synthesizer info
		it has even real analogue envelope genereators, and a special filter: you got four 6pole filters (hpf or lpf switchable!) every pole can be adjusted and "morphed".
		and new spectralis (or spectrolin) from radical technologies analogue filterbank synthesizer..
		Analogue Systems, Blacet, Buchla, Cyndustries, Doepfer, Serge, Encore Electronics, Evenfall, Metasonix, Modcan, MOTM, OakleySounds, Paia, Synthesizers.com, Technosaurus, Wiard, Analogue Solutions..
	www.sequencer.de /moogulatorium.html (310 words)

	The Frostwave Resonator Korg MS20 Filter Clone
		It can create filter sweeps, from subtle to extreme, generate booming sub bass, and take any standard instrument or signal and give it an "analogue" sounding treatment- run a flat drummachine or sound loop via the resonator and you will get big analog drums and samples on the other side....
		More accurately it is a true all analogue clone of the Korg MS20 Sythesizer filter section.
		In 1978 the KORG MS20 Sythesizer was released, the most distinct feature of this synth is it's High and Low Pass resonate filter section that allows musicians to give their instruments and records an amazing analog treatment by running through the filters.
	www.frostwave.com /theresonator (310 words)

	LC Filter Design
		is the centre frequency (for a bandpass filter) or the corner frequency (for a lowpass or highpass filter).
		The resistor in series with the input (R1 in the example) represents the filter input impedance, and the resistor at the output (R2) represents the filter output impedance.
		The circle with an M represents a voltmeter measuring the filter output.
	www-users.cs.york.ac.uk /~fisher/lcfilter (673 words)

	Band-pass filter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An example of an analogue electronic band-pass filter is an RLC circuit (a resistor-inductor-capacitor circuit).
		This is known as the filter roll-off, and is usually expressed in dB of attenutation per octave of frequency.
		of a frequency band is the resonant frequency, at which the gain of the filter is maximum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Band-pass_filter (324 words)

	Electronic Equipment - Creating brick-wall anti-aliasing filters?
		An analogue filter is cascaded with an N-bit ADC feeding an N bit DAC.
		In case 1, the front end "filter" is optimum for a design with gain 1.
		filter and then a digital filter without a DAC between the filters.
	www.electronic1.net /detail-4384938.html (324 words)

	BigCityMusic.com - Analogue Systems Module - rs210 Filter Bank
		The fixed filter banks in modular synthesisers are less precise than those found in dedicated graphic equalisers, but they fulfill a similar purpose: they allow you to accentuate or reduce the prominence of bands of frequencies, and they are capable of shaping sounds in ways that are impossible using conventional filters.
		Basic fixed filter banks often reside within cars or cheap home stereos, where they are called 'graphic equalisers'.
		Perhaps the most obvious of these is that, whereas the action of a VCF is determined by a single cut-off frequency and a single resonance value, the fixed filter bank divides the signal into a number of bands and acts upon each of these individually.
	www.bigcitymusic.com /product.asp?cat=New&pid=1000198 (324 words)

	Band-pass filter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An example of an analogue electronic band-pass filter is an RLC circuit (a resistor-inductor-capacitor circuit).
		A band-pass filter is a device that passes frequencies within a certain range and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside that range.
		This is known as the filter roll-off, and is usually expressed in dB of attenutation per octave of frequency.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bandpass (314 words)

	Digital Filters: An Introduction (1)
		At all stages, the signal being filtered is an electrical voltage or current which is the direct analogue of the physical quantity (e.g.
		In signal processing, the function of a filter is to remove unwanted parts of the signal, such as random noise, or to extract useful parts of the signal, such as the components lying within a certain frequency range.
		Note that in a digital filter, the signal is represented by a sequence of numbers, rather than a voltage or current.
	www.dsptutor.freeuk.com /dfilt1.htm (329 words)

	Real-time digital filter with new responses: News from Kemo
		Designed to provide versatile filtering and signal conditioning in data-acquisition and instrumentation systems, the new filter allows users to set almost any filter characteristic required, including responses that are not possible with analogue units.
		The new filter is a portable unit operating from a 9-30 V DC power supply.
		The KDF-1 is a new real-time digital filter developed by UK manufacturer Kemo in conjunction with UMIST.
	www.engineeringtalk.com /news/kem/kem100.html (243 words)

	LC Filter Design
		is the centre frequency (for a bandpass filter) or the corner frequency (for a lowpass or highpass filter).
		The resistor in series with the input (R1 in the example) represents the filter input impedance, and the resistor at the output (R2) represents the filter output impedance.
		The circle with an M represents a voltmeter measuring the filter output.
	www-users.cs.york.ac.uk /~fisher/lcfilter (673 words)

	showone.php?id=78
		Obvious modifications include using a table lookup for the lfo, not updating the filter delay times every sample, and not tuning all of the filters to the same delay time.
		This implementation uses six first order all-pass filters in series, with delay time modulated by a sinusoidal.
		Ross B. class: Phaser implemented by: Ross Bencina date: 24/8/98 Phaser is a six stage phase shifter, intended to reproduce the sound of a traditional analogue phaser effect.
	www.musicdsp.org /showone.php?id=78 (673 words)

	LC Filter Design
		is the centre frequency (for a bandpass filter) or the corner frequency (for a lowpass or highpass filter).
		The resistor in series with the input (R1 in the example) represents the filter input impedance, and the resistor at the output (R2) represents the filter output impedance.
		The circle with an M represents a voltmeter measuring the filter output.
	www-users.cs.york.ac.uk /~fisher/lcfilter (673 words)

	Guest - alcides lanza
		Voltage Controlled Filter [VCF]: built in 1957 [an improved version was produced in 1962] had a HI-Pass, LO-Pass filter, controllable by voltage.
		In essence, it was a polyphonic analogue synthesizer, utilizing voltage controllable sources and procedures, and operated by a keyboard with touch-sensitive keys.
		Filter Bank [FB]: octave filters, six of them on a panel, designated as A, B, C, etc. These filters could be used in series or in parallel.
	www.music.mcgill.ca /musictech/nime/alcides.html (534 words)

	Dr. Banlue Srisuchinwong
		Srisuchinwong, B. and Leelasantitham, A. (2001), “A 2V Capacitorless Current-Tunable All-Pass Filter Using Current Mirrors,” Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology, vol.
		Srisuchinwong, B., Seedadan, I. and Surakampontorn, W. (2000), “A Fully-Balanced Wide-Frequency Current-Tunable Phase-Lead All-Pass Filter,” Proceedings of the 2000 Symposium on Theory and Applications of Communications and Information Technology (TACIT2000), King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Thailand, August 24-25, pp.
		Srisuchinwong, B., Seedadan, I. and Surakampontorn, W. (2001), “Fully Differential Sinusoidal Quadrature Oscillator using Current-Tunable Phase-Lead All-Pass Filters”, Proceedings of 2001 IEEJ International Analog VLSI Workshop, May 14-15, Bangkok, Thailand, pp.
	www.siit.tu.ac.th /dirctory/ft_fac/banlue.html (534 words)

	Neutral Density Filter Wheels
		These filters are useful as beam splitters and for applications requiring variable light attenuation in a continuous analogue mode, such as in spectro-photometers, laser measuring systems etc.
		Each filter wheel is supplied with a test certificate - typical data for a non-standard density of 2.25 is shown above, and stays well within the specified linearity tolerance of +/- 6%
		All filter wheels are manufactured to tight tolerances especially parallelism to minimise beam movement with rotation (see below)
	www.torrscientific.co.uk /neutral_density_filter_wheels.htm (200 words)

	anti-aliasing
		This is a filter which is used to prepare an analogue signal for conversion to digital.
		It is designed to filter out frequencies which are greater than 1/2 the sampling rate, i.e.
		those frequencies which according to the Nyquist theorem will cause aliasing.
	www.sfu.ca /sca/Manuals/ZAAPf/a/anti_aliasing.html (43 words)

	An Introduction to Delta Sigma Converters
		Analogue output: The bitstream will be converted to an analogue signal by a one bit DAC that converts the logic information (low / high or 0 / 1) to two precise analogue voltage levels, e.g.
		In the analogue modulator with VRef- = 0 V and VRef+ = +1 V an input range of 0 to +1 V, or with VRef- = -10 V and VRef+ = +10 V an input range of -10 V to +10 V is determined.
		DACs: The input signals of DACs are bandwidth limited by nature, so an input low pass filter is not necessary (it already had to be present when the digital signal was produced).
	www.beis.de /Elektronik/DeltaSigma/DeltaSigma.html (3193 words)

	DVD-Audio News: New 192kHz PCM and DSD Solutions from Cirrus Logic [HFR]
		Selectable digital filter response with extremely low-group delay, integrated level shifters for direct interface to logic levels from 1.8V to 5V, operation from a 5V power supply and a differential analogue output architecture are packaged in a low-profile 28-pin TSSOP package, making the CS4398 an ideal DAC for high-performance audio products.
		The CS4272 and CS4271 integrate an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) and a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) into a single-chip solution, thereby providing cost-efficiency and system simplification as well as reduced space requirements in board designs.
		For SACD applications, the CS4398 includes a patent-pending Direct Stream Digital processor that includes a volume control engine that does not decimate the data stream, thereby maintaining the native sampling rate of 2.8224MHz and preserving the integrity of the SACD data format.
	www.highfidelityreview.com /news/news.asp?newsnumber=17382799 (1187 words)

	Signal Sampling & Reconstruction
		To reconstruct the analogue signal that was sampled by the ADC and encoded as a sequence of PCM numbers, a digital to analogue converter (DAC) is used in conjunction with a lowpass filter.
		When the signal is later reconstructed using a lowpass filter after the digital to analogue converter (DAC), the filter integrates (adds the contributions of) this pulse width modulation signal to reproduce values closer to the original analogue sample values.
		This signal modulates the value of the least significant bit and produces a pulse width modulation signal, where the duty cycle of the pulse (percentage of the time the pulse is high) is proportional to the value of the voltage level above the lowest quantisation levels divided by the resolution (i.e.
	www.digitalradiotech.co.uk /sampling.htm (1085 words)

	Summing up Synthesis
		What happens at the filter stage of an analogue synth is that the filter strips away some of the harmonics present in the 'raw' oscillator waveform, thus shaping the sound.
		The excellent thing about the way additive synthesis was implemented on the Kawai was that, aside from its relative ease of programming, it opened up the possibilities for sounds that changed and evolved, and interacted with the operator way beyond anything available on analogue synths.
		For this reason, analogue synthesis is sometimes referred to as subtractive synthesis.
	www.brokengadget.co.uk /addsynth.htm (2624 words)

	BROADCASTPAPERS.COM
		To achieve the sharp masking filter response required for combined DTV/analogue semi-adjacent and adjacent channel applications, cross-coupling paths may be carefully tuned to produce ‘notches’ or cross-coupling zeros in the filter characteristic.
		For such systems, the aural carrier of the analogue channel is extremely close to the new digital channel; an alternative to IF correction in this case is the addition of an all pass filter that makes the phase symmetrical around the sound carrier.
		The fundamental challenge of using adjacent channels is that broadcasters are seeking to squeeze a multitude of signals into a limited amount of spectrum.
	www.broadcastpapers.com /tvtran/RFSPracticalUHF03.htm (1492 words)

	Subtractive Synthesis- Basics, Waveforms, Filters, Envelopes, Modulation, Other Features - Yala Abdullah
		Subtractive synthesis is often referred to as analogue synthesis because most analogue synthesizers (ie non-digital) use this method of generating sounds.
		LOW PASS FILTERS- The main filter in subtractive synthesis is the Low-Pass Filter (LPF).
		To simplify analysis, Frequency is usually expressed as multiples of the fundamental frequency while Amplitude is usually expressed as relative to the fundamental sine wave's amplitude.
	yala.freeservers.com /t2ansynt.htm (4619 words)

	Video Streaming Tools on IP Stream Video Formats: mpeg4 mpeg1 mpeg2 Converters, PAL to NTSC, Real Media
		MPEG1, High quality, 28.8Kbps up to 5Mb/s, input filter included to handle low quality tapes, up to 4 cards per pc.
		MPEG1, High quality, 28.8Kbps up to 3Mb/s, input filter included to handle low quality tapes, one card per PC, live streaming UDP on IP, RTP on IP with Optibase Commotion UDP software.
		Same as DRC-1500 but supports dual analogue and one digital video input, as SDI, DV, Component, S-video, composite video, balanced and unbalanced audio input.
	www.stream-video.com (4619 words)

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In the News (Sun 27 May 12)