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Topic: Analogy (biology)

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Homology (biology)

Analogy

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	FROM LANGUAGE TO NATURE - the semiotic metaphor in biology
		This analogy was not an accidental circumstance in the contexts of discovery of the mechanism of evolution.
		A scientific law is an analogy, or system of analogies (allegory), which asserts that the relations between things are similar to the relations between numbers(...) Science is an allegory that asserts that the relations between the parts of reality are similar to the relations between the terms of discourse.
		Forti extends the genotype-langue analogy by juxtaposing the linguistic phoneme and the triplet of DNA bases, while the equivalent of the linguistic morpheme (the minimal meaning-bearing elements: basically words) is the sequence of bases codifying for a protein, i.e.
	www.geneticengineering.org /dna5/default.htm (15009 words)

	20th WCP: Biological Teleology in Contemporary Science
		In molecular biology, however, there are very few attempts in justifying the necessity of using teleological or, more generally speaking, biological explanations as different from the physico-chemical explanations and providing bigger explanatory possibilities.
		In fact, molecular biology is still widely considered as the biological discipline the most appropriate for reduction to physics and chemistry and for elimination of teleological language.
		It is thanks to their unification that, in contemporary biology, final causality, the argument by design and the demiourgos, have been replaced by the historical contingency.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Scie/ScieSpas.htm (4103 words)

	analogy - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		ANALOGY [analogy] in biology, the similarities in function, but differences in evolutionary origin, of body structures in different organisms.
		Perceptions of rebuttal analogy: politeness and implications for persuasion.
		A functional-analytic model of analogy using the relational evaluation procedure.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-analogy.html (284 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The term molecular biology was coined in 1938 by Warren Weaver, then director of the natural sciences program at the Rockefeller Foundation.
		analogy ANALOGY [analogy] in biology, the similarities in function, but differences in evolutionary origin, of body structures in different organisms.
		An evaluation study of the teaching of hands-on investigative biology in high-schools "on a shoestring".
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=biology (710 words)

	Institute for Systems Biology: Systems Biology -- the 21st Century Science
		Systems biology emerged as the result of the genetics "catalog" provided by the Human Genome project, and a growing understanding of how genes and their resulting proteins give rise to biological form and function.
		The study of systems biology has been aided by the ease with which the internet allows researchers to store and distribute massive amounts of information, plus advances in powerful new research technologies, and the infusion of scientists from other disciplines, e.g.
		Traditional biology — the kind most of us studied in high school and college, and that many generations of scientists before us have pursued — has focused on identifying individual genes, proteins and cells, and studying their specific functions.
	www.systemsbiology.org /Intro_to_ISB_and_Systems_Biology/Systems_Biology_--_the_21st_Century_Science (575 words)

	Biology in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The concept of analogy is contrasted with that of homology biology homology..
		Theoretical biology is a field of academic study and research that involves the use of quantitative tools in biology.
		Structural biology is a branch of molecular biology concerned with the study of the architecture and shape...
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Biology (772 words)

	[No title]
		Analogy collage: Draw a typical plant or animal cell on a small (6" X 8") piece of drawing paper.
		The MAT is a high-level mental ability test requiring the solution of problems stated as analogies.
		Harrison, A. G., and Treagust, D. Teaching with analogies: A case study in grade-10 optics.
	www.csun.edu /~vceed002/ref/analogy/analogy.htm (211 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - analogy
		Keywords: analogy • critique of memetics • cultural traits • individuation of units • sociobiology.
		Keywords: analogy • autonomy • biology vs. physical science • ethics • genetics • historical explanations of intentional behavior • mechanism • models • natural history • prediction • progress • taxonomy • theoretical posits.
		Van der Meer, J.M. The engagement of religion and biology: A case study in the mediating role of metaphor in the sociobiology of Lumsden & Wilson.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Keyword/A/analogy.html (465 words)

	Analogy (biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Two structures in biology are said to be analogous if they perform the same or similar function by a similar mechanism.
		These similar structures may have evolved through different pathways, a process known as convergent evolution, or may be homologous.
		The concept of analogy is contrasted with that of homology, which refers to two structures that share a common ancestor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Analogy_(biology) (133 words)

	Analogy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Cajetan wrote an influential treatise on analogy.
		Human analogy does not, or at least not apparently.
		Neologisms can also be formed by analogy with existing words.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Analogy (2318 words)

	Aristotle's Biology [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Thus, a distinction such as “the more and the less” that has its roots in biology explaining that certain animal parts are greater (bigger) among some individuals and smaller among others, can also be used in the ethics as a cornerstone of the doctrine of the mean as a criterion for virtue.
		This is because, in biology, there is a sense that the entire explanation always requires the purpose to set out the boundaries of what is and what is not significant.
		By analogy to other suppositions of his biological theory, Aristotle is able to “solve” a troublesome case via reference to analogy.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/a/aris-bio.htm (7041 words)

	THE EVOLUTIONARY ANALOGY
		The shift from mechanics to biology - that is a shift between metaparadigms - involves moving from statics to dynamics.
		Within the evolutionary analogy, in turn, two approaches appear to be emerging as complementary, and mutual reinforcing visions of the social order.
		Evolutionary biology is the common ground here but in the social sciences especially adapted terms are often needed (as when memes become analogous to genes).
	faculty.washington.edu /modelski/ISQPREF.html (1626 words)

	FAQ: Is it appropriate to justify intelligent design theory via analogies?
		This analogy works because there is complex and specified information (CSI) in the heads of easter island, just like there is CSI in irreducible complex structures found in biology.
		In other words, the analogy to the stone faces is supposed to exemplify the same type of design inference process and situation that we use in ID for biological systems.
		Of course that does not mean that all forms of design detected in biology were designed by humans--intelligent design theory cannot tell you anything more about the designer other than that they had a property of intelligence similar to that found in present-day humans.
	www.ideacenter.org /contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/1151 (1368 words)

	Informat.io on Analogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It has been argued that analogy is "the core of cognition" (see Hofstadter in Gentner et.
		The concepts of similarity, resemblance, homology, comparison, association, correspondence and isomorphism are closely related to analogy.
		An analogy achieves its purpose as much as it is fit for the problem at hand.
	www.informat.io /?title=Analogy (2117 words)

	CLEP: Biology
		The Biology examination covers material that is usually taught in a one-year college general biology course.
		Most textbooks used in college-level biology courses cover the topics in the outline given earlier, but the approaches to certain topics and the emphasis given to them may differ.
		To prepare for the Biology exam, it is advisable to study one or more college textbooks, which can be found in most college bookstores.
	www.collegeboard.com /student/testing/clep/ex_bio.html (487 words)

	[No title]
		Phylogenetics- a discipline of evolutionary biology which seeks to accurately depict the evolutionary relationships among living and non-living taxa.
		If we want to determine the accurate phylogeny of taxa, we need to concentrate on traits which are similar due to shared ancestry while ignoring analogies.
		Parsimony is invoked to construct a phylogeny that minimizes the number of changes in these traits (maximizes homology and minimizes analogy).
	biology.unm.edu /ccouncil/Biology_203/Summaries/Phylogeny.htm (1371 words)

	The-Science-Lab.com - Biology - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
		The biology-language analogy enables novel applications of language technologies to the biology domain, but is to a great extent overlapping with existing other computational biology/bioinformatics applications.
		The purpose of the Biological Language Conference is to facilitate scientific exchange between researchers using the language analogy approach directly and researchers using other approaches.
		Current research in structural biology involves development of structural models and efficient algorithms for simulating proteins and complexes, including DNA polymerase beta and chromatin.
	the-science-lab.com /Biology/Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology.html (1233 words)

	MCDB Faculty - Bill Sullivan
		While in the city much of this movement is guided by streets and sidewalks, in the cell the cytoskeleton plays a key role in organizing traffic.
		At this point the analogy breaks down, because unlike roads the cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and constantly reorganizing.
		Understanding the mechanisms of cytoskeletal dynamics and how this is coordinated with other events in the cell cycle are currently key areas of research in cell biology.
	www.biology.ucsc.edu /faculty/sullivan.html (573 words)

	Lab 1 - Homology and Analogy
		The distinction between homology and analogy turns around the two most fundamental principles of evolutionary biology, descent with modification from common ancestors and adaptation.
		Darwin’s Origin of Species is a landmark in biology not only because it provided a natural mechanism for adaptation, but because it constituted an argument for descent of all organisms from common ancestors that was backed up by an almost withering amount of evidence.
		Evolutionary biology has been revitalized by the integration of new sources of data from molecular, cellular, structural and behavioral biology that are helping us refine, and sometime revise, our hypotheses of the history of life.
	web.grinnell.edu /individuals/brownj/edu/136_lab1.html (2542 words)

	Fred Cohen & Associates
		The analogy of biological viruses to computer viruses was one of the reasons they were called computer viruses in the first place, so it seems logical hat we should talk about them together in these terms.
		A classic example from biology is a single surface amino acid change that makes influenza pandemic in geese, while a single bit flip in the Xerox worm caused it to go from a controlled software device to a rampant infection throughout the Xerox network (1970s).
		The relationships are clear, and we need to start learning from the long history of biology in order to be effective in the information world of the future.
	www.all.net /journal/netsec/2000-08.html (4597 words)

	CBE Publications: The Cookie Analogy
		Food for Thought: The Cookie Analogy was originally written to introduce a unit on heredity at the high school level.
		The Cookie Analogy is an activity in which the familiar is used to explain the unfamiliar.
		Center for Biology Education, University of Wisconsin - Madison • 445 Henry Mall • Madison, WI 53706 • (608) 263-0478 • Please send site comments and problems to cbe@mailplus.wisc.edu.
	www.wisc.edu /cbe/cbe_pubs/cookieanalogy.html (337 words)

	Economics and Fossil Fuel Dependency: An Analogy from Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		As almost everything is made or carried, either directly or indirectly, by the energy derived from fossil fuels, a suggestion of growth is a suggestion of increased use of fossil fuels.
		A further irony of this situation is that, through the use of fossil fuels, a climate change may be effected that could cause our entrapment as a direct consequence of our specialization in the use of these fuels.
		This is equivalent, in our analogy, of the nectar producing plant going to extinction and while doing this, in some way poisoning the environment in which the birds live.
	trumpeter.athabascau.ca /content/v10.1/Hoerr.html (979 words)

	Genomics Analogy Model for Educators
		Goal of lesson - To better understand genomics and biotechnology learners examine analogies to gain knowledge of general molecular biology concepts.
		As discoveries are being made at a rapid rate in the fields of genetics, agriculture, and other biological sciences (biology), it is clear that there is a need for a greater understanding of genomics in the general population.
		This is the central concept of molecular biology.
	www.entm.purdue.edu /extensiongenomics/GAME/lesson1.html (888 words)

	analogy definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "analogy" in all of MSN Encarta
		biology equivalence between independent parts: equivalence in biological function between body parts or organs that have appeared independently in different plants and animals
		Via French analogie or Latin analogia < Greek analogia "proportion" < analogos (see analogous)]
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_/analogy.html (149 words)

	Biology and Law
		The paper is not suggesting duplicating the natural principles and rules that govern human body, but it is a novice attempt to reflect on their efficiency and utility, hoping that it may provide us with a useful perspective regarding how to regulate and ease the tension between the individual and society.
		For instance, the rulers, such as governors and congress members, should not be allowed to increase their wealth during their service (remember that brain cells cannot collect fat).
		A fixed median salary and prestige are enough to attract many skilled candidates to the arena of politics.
	www.yuksel.org /e/philosophy/biolaw.htm (2785 words)

	[Bioinformatics] BLC2003: Call for papers
		The mapping of protein sequence to their structure, dynamics and function then becomes analogous to the mapping of words to meaning in natural languages.
		This analogy can be exploited by application of statistical language modeling and text classification techniques to biological sequences, thereby generating testable hypotheses regarding the fundamental building blocks of "protein sequence language".
		Venue and dates: November 20-21, 2003 at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, USA The conference is organized by: Profs.
	www.sanbi.ac.za /pipermail/bioinformatics/2003-September/000580.html (254 words)

	AllRefer.com - analogy (Biology, General) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Biology, General > analogy
		analogy, in biology, the similarities in function, but differences in evolutionary origin, of body structures in different organisms.
		For example, the wing of a bird is analogous to the wing of an insect, since both are used for flight.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/analogy.html (199 words)

	CiteULike: Tag analogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Toward neuroanatomical models of analogy: a positron emission tomography study of analogical mapping.
		posted to analogy categories cognition collection concepts creativity decisionmaking disorder induction intelligence judgement law learning memory models neuroscience reasoning science thinking by hamish as
		Analogy by Alignment: On Structure Mapping And Similarity
	www.citeulike.org /tag/analogy (420 words)

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