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Topic: Anaphase

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	SparkNotes: Mitosis: Metaphase and Anaphase
		The next two major events that take place in mitosis are the alignment of chromosomes at the center of the cell and the subsequent separation of sister chromatids to opposite mitotic spindle poles.
		Entrance into anaphase is triggered by the inactivation of M phase-promoting factor that follows mitotic cyclin degradation {see Mitotic cyclin.
		During anaphase, the kinetochore microtubules retract, increasing the seperation of the sister chromatids as they are moved further toward the opposite spindle poles.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/cellreproduction/mitosis/section2.rhtml (442 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Regulation of cell cycle by the anaphase spindle midzone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Staining of severed daughter cells with antibodies against aurora B (Figure 1A), which is known to relocate from centromeres to the spindle midzone during early anaphase [12,13], confirmed that the spindle midzone was removed from one of the daughter cells.
		Treatment of cells with nocodazole for 6–13 min at early anaphase before severing, with or without additional incubation with the drug, caused a significant delay (~4.5 h; p = 0.002) in the progression of interphase for both daughter cells, as compared to neighboring cells (Table 2).
		We found that treatment of early anaphase cells with cytochalasin D for 30 min completely inhibited cytokinesis even upon removal of the drug, similar to what was reported with dihydrocytochalasin B [14].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2121/5/49 (2653 words)

	Meiosis Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During anaphase, a free kinetochore formed by disrupting an attached spindle fiber results in an immediate block to the process.
		The chromosomes themselves provide the energy for anaphase through their attachment to spindle fibers.
		The cells have mechanisms to insure that errors are not made during anaphase.
	www.biology.arizona.edu /cell_bio/tutorials/meiosis/10q.html (47 words)

	Protein dynamics at the kinetochore: cell cycle regulation of the metaphase to anaphase transition -- GORBSKY et al. 13 ...
		anaphase, coincident with the disappearance of the 3F3/2 phosphoepitope
		The active inhibitor complex (indicated by fl shading) is released from the kinetochore and blocks the ability of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) to ubiquitinylate target anaphase inhibitor proteins such as Pds1 in budding yeast and Cut2 in fission yeast.
		Rieder, C. L., Cole, R. W., Khodjakov, A., Sluder, G. (1995) The checkpoint delaying anaphase in response to chromosome monoorientation is mediated by an inhibitory signal produced by unattached kinetochores.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/13/9002/S231 (2279 words)

	Anaphase - ZeBOX Artist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		With the change of line-up over the years, the bands sound has changed dramatically from pop/rock to their current and unique style, which could only be described as alternative, almost gothic rock, with tinges of electronica.
		Anaphase have won several competitions and have played some of Melbourne's premiere venues.
		Anaphase are known well for their power packed live shows and emotive songs.
	zebox.com /anaphase (192 words)

	anaphase - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Anaphase begins when the centromeres split, separating the identical chromatids into single chromosomes, which then move along the spindle fibers to...
		Mitosis occurs in five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
		During prophase, the start of mitosis, the DNA of each...
	encarta.msn.com /anaphase.html (88 words)

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		Anaphase, being a crucial phase of the growth and development cycles in a cell, occurs when the assembled chromosomes in a cell separate and congregate between at the two poles of the cell.
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	www.anaphase.com.sg /index.html (140 words)

	Meiosis: Meiosis I: Anaphase I
		• Anaphase I begins when the two chromosomes of each bivalent (tetrad) separate and start moving toward opposite poles of the cell as a result of the action of the spindle.
		• Notice that in anaphase I the sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres and move together toward the poles.
		A key difference between mitosis and meiosis is that sister chromatids remain joined after metaphase in meiosis I, whereas in mitosis they separate.
	www.phschool.com /science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/anai.html (102 words)

	Meiosis
		Anaphase 1: Homologous pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together.
		Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids migrate separately to each pole.
		Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original parent cell and with crossing over, are genetically different.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AB/GG/meiosis.html (202 words)

	Anaphase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chromosomes are in blue, the spindle in green.
		Anaphase is preceded by metaphase, by the end of which fully condensed sister chromatids are arranged in a straight line down the midline of the cell, defining a structure referred to as the metaphase plate.
		This involves the polar microtubules elongating and sliding relative to each other to drive the spindle poles further apart.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anaphase (500 words)

	Centrosome fragments and microtubules are transported asymmetrically away from division plane in anaphase -- Rusan and ...
		To investigate MT release from the centrosome in anaphase, we
		Inactivation of CDK1 is required for MT release and centrosome fragmentation in anaphase.
		MT release from the centrosome in anaphase LLCPK-1
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/168/1/21 (3458 words)

	Anaphase Promoting Complex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The anaphase promoting complex (APC, a ubiquinin ligase) controls the anaphase restriction point and makes sure all kinetochores are attached to spindles fibers before anaphase begins.
		Unattached kinetochores bind and activate MAD 2, an inhibitor of cdc 20 which is necessary for APC activity.
		When all kinetochores are bound by spindle fibers, MAD 2 cannot bind kinetochores and be activated thus cdc 20 is free to activate APC.
	web.bio.utk.edu /bio140km/anaphase_promoting_complex.htm (80 words)

	Mitosis: Anaphase
		Sister chromatids separate, and the now-daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.
		• Anaphase begins when the duplicated centromeres of each pair of sister chromatids separate, and the now-daughter chromosomes begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell due to the action of the spindle.
		• At the end of anaphase, a complete set of chromosomes has assembled at each pole of the cell.
	www.phschool.com /science/biology_place/biocoach/mitosisisg/anaphase.html (109 words)

	Anaphase
		In this image of a cell in anaphase, the spindle fibers are stained green, chromosomes are stained blue, and actin is stained red.
		Biologists still do not know what seperates the chromosomes during anaphase.
		Once anaphase is completed, the cell moves into telophase.
	www.angelfire.com /va3/mitosis/anaphase.html (110 words)

	Anaphase-promoting complex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a complex of several proteins which is activated during mitosis to initiate anaphase.
		It is known that M-Cdk is required for the activity of these kinases, although there is a significant delay between M-CdK activation and the activation of the Cdc20-APC complex.
		The molecular basis of the delay is unknown, but is believed to involve the key to the correct timing of anaphase initiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anaphase_promoting_complex (511 words)

	CHAPTER 8, REVIEW CELL REPRODUCTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		____ The difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis is that
		_____ The difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis is that
		anaphase II _____ What structure not found in animal cells forms along the midline of a dividing plant cell?
	www.sirinet.net /~jgjohnso/revchap8.html (1586 words)

	Mitosis: An Interactive Animation
		Click on any intermediate stage (for example, Anaphase), and see a representative still frame.
		Metaphase: Tension applied by the spindle fibers aligns all chromosomes in one plane at the center of the cell.
		Anaphase: Spindle fibers shorten, the kinetochores separate, and the chromatids (daughter chromosomes) are pulled apart and begin moving to the cell poles.
	www.cellsalive.com /mitosis.htm (358 words)

	A Role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cul8 Ubiquitin Ligase in Proper Anaphase Progression -- Michel et al. 278 (25): ...
		Cells were categorized as metaphase (mitotic spindle < 2 µm), anaphase (mitotic spindle > 2 µm), or telophase (two distinct spindle pole bodies).
		The transmission light and fluorescence images of a representative cell of each stage are shown.
		Quantitation of cells in mid-anaphase and late anaphase can be found in Table II.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/25/22828 (6485 words)

	anaphase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Real time observation of mitosis: Budding yeast has anaphase A but lacks a metaphase plate.
		Using this system, we have shown that spindle elongation and chromosome separation in budding exhibit biphasic kinetics and that centromeres separate before telomeres.
		We also observed that budding yeast do not exhibit a conventional metaphase chromosome alignment but do show anaphase A chromosome to pole movement.
	www.cgl.ucsf.edu /home/straight/anaphase.html (148 words)

	anaphase
		The stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other.
		During anaphase A the chromosomes move toward the two spindle poles; during anaphase B the spindle poles move apart.
		This permits each daughter cell to have a copy of each of the cell's original chromosomes.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/anaphase.html (125 words)

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		Intended at the time to be a preview of things to come, Tendril's "The Sick Of Rock EP" features five worthwhile tracks for the tendril completist, including an early version of "Hell 2.0", later re-recorded for the band's latest, "Anaphase, Baby!".
		Promotional poster for Tendril's "Anaphase, Baby!", features exclusive photographic elements not included in the original album art.
	www.iceplanet.com /store/cd_tendril.html (364 words)

	anaphase - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "anaphase" is defined.
		Anaphase : Drug Discovery and Development [home, info]
		Phrases that include anaphase: anaphase i, anaphase a, anaphase b, anaphase l, late anaphase
	www.onelook.com /?w=anaphase (173 words)

	Two mitotic kinesins cooperate to drive sister chromatid separation during anaphase : Abstract : Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Two mitotic kinesins cooperate to drive sister chromatid separation during anaphase
		During anaphase identical sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the mitotic spindle
		Two models have been proposed to account for the movement of chromatids during anaphase.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/nature02256 (357 words)

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