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Topic: Anaphora (linguistics)

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Anaphora

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	Interdisciplinary Majors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Linguistics is the study of human language: its form, variety, and social life.
		Linguistics 470 (thesis), which may, as appropriate, be jointly supervised by faculty members from linguistics and an allied field.
		Within linguistics, the analysis of discourse includes the study of linguistic units larger than the sentence and extends, more generally, to the study of stretches of speech (as well as written language) in the context of their use.
	web.reed.edu /academic/catalog/interdisciplinary_majors.html (5524 words)

	Lesley Stirling
		Lesley Stirling's undergraduate training in linguistics, semiotics and French at the University of Queensland was followed by postgraduate coursework in cognitive science at the University of Edinburgh.
		Lesley taught at the University of Edinburgh for three years, and simultaneously completed her PhD thesis with a typological and formal account of switch-reference and logophoricity in languages of Papua and North America: she was awarded the Crawford Medal in 1996 by the Australian Academy of the Humanities for this research.
		Anaphora, deixis, and referential choice has been another on-going research interest, and she contributed a monograph-length chapter on anaphora and deixis in English, jointly with Emeritus Professor Rodney Huddleston, to the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, and continues to work on a survey of major approaches to anaphora within linguistics and cognitive science.
	www.linguistics.unimelb.edu.au /about/staff/profiles/stirling (548 words)

	BA in Linguistics - Courses
		Impact of linguistic theory on psychology, philosophy, literary theory, and anthropology.
		Linguistics 471 builds on this knowledge by extending our linguistic analysis and theorizing to the details of structures in English as well as to the detailed study of syntactic structures in other languages.
		These areas are anaphora (coreference and dependent identity relations), wh-movement (in all of its varieties, overt and covert), and predicate argument structure (the way that semantic roles are linked to particular syntactic arguments for different classes of verbs).
	ling.rutgers.edu /program/courses_undergrad.html (543 words)

	[No title]
		Anaphora Resolution with Centers of Attention Anaphora resolution in discourse - a coherent sequence of utterances - is the task or process of identifying the referents of expressions which we use to denote discourse entities, i.e., objects, individuals, properties and relations that have been introduced and talked about in the prior discourse.
		In early approaches to anaphoric reference in AI and linguistics, the task of anaphora resolution was relegated to syntax, which provided filters such as grammatical agreement constraints, and open-ended semantic inference that drew on, among other things, world knowledge and inference procedures to identify the appropriate referent.
		The linguistic structure is determined by the intentional structure and comprises the utterances of the discourse grouped together hierarchically into discourse segments.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /~elenimi/centering.doc (5978 words)

	Ryan Bush: About the Anaphora Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This series, Anaphora, continues key themes found in my previous work: the tensions between thinking and feeling, between symmetry and asymmetry, and between order and chaos.
		Anaphora is a pointing, a gesture, a proxy standing in for something absent.
		In Linguistics, anaphora is the process of referring to things by means of words like pronouns.
	www.ryanbushphotography.com /about_anaphora.html (798 words)

	Anaphora (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Spring 2004 Edition)
		Anaphora is sometimes characterized as the phenomena whereby the interpretation of an occurrence of one expression depends on the interpretation of an occurrence of another or whereby an occurrence of an expression has its referent supplied by an occurrence of some other expression in the same or another sentence.
		Thus, with pronouns in discourse anaphora, we have examples of pronouns that cannot be understood as picking up their referents from their antecedents (11) nor as being variables bound by their antecedents (8-10).
		The CDQ account of discourse anaphora was originally motivated by a felt analogy between the semantics of discourse anaphora and the semantics of “instantial terms” that figure in quantificational reasoning in natural languages and in derivations of systems of natural deduction for first order predicate logic.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/spr2004/entries/anaphora/index.html (9357 words)

	Glot International, Journal Section
		These various kinds of relations are exactly those that are found in cross-sentential discourse anaphora, as shown by the parallelism between (3a- d) and (4a- d).
		Although quite common in everyday speech and texts, the construction at issue did not attract the attention of Western linguists until Wilder (1998) and van Riemsdijk (1998, 1999, 2001), who pointed out a number of properties that distinguish it from the kind of SFRs that were addressed in section 2.
		Interestingly, all earlier writers known to me who proposed analyses of TFRs (that is to say, the five writers mentioned two paragraphs earlier) converged on the view that (a token or proper sub-token of) the small clause predicate is a CP-external head of the construction, and this, despite non-trivial differences between the various analyses.
	www.linguistlistplus.com /glot/html/Gi6206/GI6602_SOA.htm (11487 words)

	Oxford University Press
		Anaphora, besides being a comprehensive summary of the state of the art, tries to come to grips with intricate problems in a stimulating and sometimes controversial manner.
		This mode of reference, anaphora, involves complicated cognitive and syntactic processes, which people usually perform unerringly, but which present formidable problems for the linguist and cognitive scientist trying to explain precisely how comprehension is achieved.
		Anaphora is thus a central research focus in syntactic and semantic theory, while understanding and modelling its operation in discourse are important targets in computational linguistics and cognitive science.
	www.oup.com /ca/isbn/0-19-823529-1 (630 words)

	Bibliography
		The authors present an algorithm for anaphora resolution which is a modified and extended version of that developed by Lappin and Leass.
		The algorithm constructs coreference classes to which are associated saliences, which are determined by the status of the members of the coreference class it represents with respects to contextual, grammatical and syntactic constraints.
		In fact the assumption is as follow: every phrase constitutes a "mention" of a participant in the discourse and anaphora resolution allows to determine which expressions constitute mentions of the same referent.
	www.csi.uottawa.ca /tanka/ArtDB/bibliography.html (12940 words)

	LINGUIST List 10.1808: Multimodal Info, Anaphora/Ellipsis (Correction)
		As a matter of policy, LINGUIST discourages the use of abbreviations or acronyms in conference announcements unless they are explained in the text.
		At the same time workshop contributions of linguists, logicians or computer scientists are invited who work on the description and the formal modelling of complex signals.
		The growing interest in anaphora and ellipsis resolution has been demonstrated clearly over the last 4--5 years through the MUC coreference task projects and at a number of related fora (workshops, conferences, etc.).
	linguistlist.org /issues/10/10-1808.html (911 words)

	Presupposition and Anaphora
		Rather than adding completely new semantic theories to the present gamut of theories, the author discusses a number of existing approaches which aim at accounting for the behavior of presuppositions and/or anaphors, makes improvements where necessary, and compares the results.
		Presupposition and Anaphora starts with an introduction to a number of dynamic semantic theories and their correlations, paying special attention to the treatment of disjunctions and negations.
		I am persuaded that Krahmer's book represents a good monograph on the issue of presupposition and anaphora, one that does not hesitate to delve into problems in an attempt to resolve them.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /site/1575861461.html (280 words)

	Glot International, Journal Section
		“The split between linguistics and psycholinguistics in the 1970's has been interpreted as being a retreat by linguists from the notion that every operation of the grammar is a mental operation that a speaker must perform in speaking and understanding language.
		Although as linguists we cannot take the position that there is another way to construct mental representations of sentences other than “the machinery of grammar”, it is perfectly possible that there is another way than specified by “the machinery of grammar we just proposed”.
		An interpretive dependency is linguistically expressed by the annotation of the anaphor or pronominal and its antecedent by an index.
	www.linguistlistplus.com /glot/html/GI7103/GI7103_SOA.htm (12935 words)

	Anaphora (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In linguistics, anaphora is an instance of an expression referring to another.
		Also, the term exophora names situations where the referent does not appear in the utterances of the speaker, but instead in the real world.
		Some linguists prefer to define anaphora generically to include all of these referential effects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anaphora_(linguistics) (329 words)

	Anaphora in the African Languages - HOME
		The main goal of the African Anaphora Project, as it is presently constituted, is to develop rich descriptions of a wide range of African languages in order to serve the interests of linguistic research into the nature and distribution of anaphoric effects.
		Our anaphora questionnaire (AQ) is designed with every known language in mind and our current understanding of linguistic anaphora in mind in particular.
		The authors of the grammar sketches and the anaphora sketches and any accompanying articles that appear in a case file retain the right to publish these materials elsewhere without consulting the AAP director, but such articles and sketches are not to be excerpted unless the usual standards of attribution are met.
	www.africananaphora.rutgers.edu (3043 words)

	What is anaphora?
		Anaphora is coreference of one expression with its antecedent.
		The term anaphora is also sometimes used to include both anaphora, as defined here, and cataphora.
		In modular book: Glossary of linguistic terms, by Eugene E. Loos (general editor), Susan Anderson (editor), Dwight H., Day, Jr.
	www.sil.org /linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnaphora.htm (128 words)

	Linguistics 230B: More about Meaning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This advanced course on linguistic meaning is a follow-up to LING 230A.
		Partee, Barbara H., Nominal and Temporal Anaphora, Linguistics and Philosophy 7, pp.243-286, 1984
		Roberts, Craige, Modal Subordination and Pronominal Anaphora in Discourse, Linguistics and Philosophy 12:683-721, 1989.
	www.stanford.edu /~dib/230B.html (276 words)

	Research by Subject - Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Citations to more than 400 periodicals on archaeology, art, classics, film, folklore, journalism, linguistics, music, the performing arts, philosophy, religion, world history, and world literature.
		In addition to data for many science journals, includes full-text data for approximately 25 journals in the language and linguistic fields.
		Comprehensive site for linguistics sources maintained by scholars and graduate students at several universities.
	www.csulb.edu /library/subj/Linguistics.html (1025 words)

	College Catalog - Reed College
		The course will develop the notion of linguistic typology and explore proposed universals of language, based on the comparative study of the morphology and syntax of the languages of the world.
		This course is an introduction to the study of the internal structure of words, providing an overview of contemporary morphological theory and analysis.
		Readings will include classic statements on the nature of political power—in which language often plays an essential, if implicit and routinely unnoticed, theoretical role—as well as contemporary work, both theoretical and ethnographic, on the politics of language and the language of politics.
	web.reed.edu /catalog/courses/ling (1763 words)

	Anaphora Resolution In Slot Grammar - Shalom, McCord (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		These algorithms are second-pass procedures that operate on the output of a Slot Grammar parser.
		The parser and the algorithms constituting the anaphora resolution component run in Prolog.
		96a; 96b) It is proposed an algorithm for anaphora resolution in SG in (
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /shalom90anaphora.html (379 words)

	Rutgers Linguistics Home
		LINGUISTICS at Rutgers involves research and training in all areas of the modern discipline.
		Faculty interests range across the core areas of theoretical linguistics and include computational learning and parsing, the psychology of language, language acquisition, and the philosophy of language.
		Each year, the department is enriched by a number of scholarly visitors: their specialties have included language acquisition, typology, phonological theory, formal and lexical semantics, Germanic and Romance syntax, and computational linguistics.
	ling.rutgers.edu (196 words)

	HERS Output
		An introduction to contemporary linguistic theory and methods of linguistic analysis: phonetic transcription, phonological, morphological, and syntactic analysis, and methods in comparative and historical linguistics.
		Analysis of the phenomenon of bilingualism from the perspective of linguistics as a cognitive science.
		An introduction to the comparative and historical linguistics of the Germanic family, with emphasis on Gothic and the early medieval languages.
	webdocs.registrar.fas.harvard.edu /courses/Linguistics.html (2042 words)

	Anaphora and Quantification in Situation Semantics
		The authors argue tht the ambiguities of sentenceswith pronouns cannot be adequately accounted for with a theory that represents anaphoric relations only syntactically; their relational framework uniformly deals with anaphoric relations as relations between utterances in context.
		They argue that there is no need for a syntactic representation of anaphoric relations, or for a theory that accounts for anaphoric ambiguities by resorting to two or more kinds of anaphora.
		STANLEY PETERS is professor of linguistics and symbolic systems at Stanford University.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /site/0937073482.html (198 words)

	List of Selected Faculty Publications
		Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 13, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986.
		Annual Workshop of Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics: The MIT Meeting 1993 Michigan Slavic Publications, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 1994, pp.
		Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 8, Cambridge: MIT Press, 158 pages, 1983.
	web.mit.edu /linguistics/www/works/facpub.html (4165 words)

	Anaphora - Literary Forums
		Anaphora has several definitions, meaning different things in Linguistics, Rhetoric and even the Christian Church.
		According to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary, in Linguistics, anaphora is the use of a word referring back to a word used earlier in a text or conversation, to avoid repetition, for example the pronouns he, she, it, they and the verb do - as in I like it and so do they.
		In Rhetoric, anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.
	literaryforums.org /forums/showthread.php?p=14896 (310 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 94042522
		Chapter 1 introduces the notion of dynamic semantics and discusses in detail the phenomena that have been used to motivate it, such as "donkey" sentences and adverbs of quantification.
		The second chapter explores in greater depth the interpretation of indefinites and issues related to presuppositions of uniqueness and the "E-type strategy." In Chapter 3, Chierchia extends the dynamic approach to the domain of syntactic theory, considering a range of empirical problems that includes backwards anaphora, reconstruction effects, and weak crossover.
		Chierchia shows that an approach based on a principled enrichment of the mechanisms dealing with meaning is to be preferred on empirical grounds over approaches that depend on an enrichment of the syntactic apparatus.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/uchi052/94042522.html (252 words)

	LINGUIST List 5.267: Information on University of Arizona linguists
		Everyone: A couple of us were sitting around one day and thought it would be a nice resource for the world if U. of Arizona faculty and graduate students posted their interests and email addresses.
		In this way, if you're interested in some topic that one of us is interested in or there is some one among us that you'd like to contact, you'd be able to.
		This is different from the linguist nameserver and the LSA list in that i) we give some indication of our interests here and ii) this is not exclusively members of the LSA.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/5/5-267.html (626 words)

	Literatuurlijst Optimality Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Diana Archangeli (1997), 'Optimality Theory: An Introduction to Linguistics in the 1990s'.
		David Beaver (to appear), 'The Optimization of Discourse Anaphora'.
		Proceedings of the EACL 2003 Workshop on The Computational Treatment of Anaphora, Budapest.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~hendriks/otlit.htm (270 words)

	HPSG - Recent Publications
		In Pius Tamanji, Masako Hirotami, and Nancy Hall (eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the North Eastern Linguistic Society, GLSA, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
		In Gert Webelhuth, Andreas Kathol, and Jean-Pierre Koenig (eds.), Lexical and Constructional Aspects of Linguistic Explanation.
		Anaphora and argument structure: Topics in the syntax and semantics of reflexives and reciprocals.
	hpsg.stanford.edu /pubs.html (381 words)

	semantics/pragmatics bibliography
		Linguistics and Philosophy, Journal of Semantics, Natural Language Semantics, Journal of Pragmatics, Pragmatics, Mind and Language.
		And there are now a number of yearly regional conferences that publish their papers, including papers on semantic topics: SALT -- Semantics and Linguistic Theory, CLS -- Chicago Linguistic Society (the oldest of these), NELS -- North Eastern Linguistic Society, WCCFL -- West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, ESCOL -- Eastern States Conference on Linguistics.
		Lucy, John A. Grammatical categories and cognition: A case study of the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
	www.msu.edu /course/lin/437/biblio.htm (1022 words)

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