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Topic: Anapsida

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	Introduction to Anapsida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The clade Anapsida includes turtles and all their extinct relatives, which include millerettids, procolophonoids, pareiasaurs, as well as more poorly known taxa such as Acleistorhinus, lanthanosuchids, and nyctiphruretians.
		As you'll notice while you tour this section of the University of California Museum of Paleontology, the anapsids once consisted of many groups, many of which could be considered to have been quite successful until their extinction.
		The geographic origin of Anapsida has not yet been determined because the fossil record of Paleozoic tetrapods is too poor and localized, but the oldest known anapsid comes from the Lower Permian of North America.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /anapsids/anapsida.html (224 words)

	Temporal Fenestration of Amniotes
		Taxa such as Anapsida, Diapsida, Euryapsida, and Synapsida were named after their type of temporal fenestration.
		Anapsida (the taxon) includes turtles and their extinct relatives.
		The diapsid condition is characterized by the presence of two temporal fenestrae, called the lower and the upper temporal fenestrae.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Temporal_Fenestration_of_Amniotes?acc_id=463 (928 words)

	Extinct Reptiles
		And, in fact, the name Anapsida, which is the condition of having no opening, notemporal fenestra, that's the condition that is found in animals placed in the subclass Anapsida.
		And the Synapsid condition in which the temporal opening is somewhat low on the sideof the skull, and these 2 bones, the postorbital and squamosal bones meet above the fenestrae thatSynapsid condition is found in the subclass Synapsid.
		And there are 2 subclasses that have theDiapsid condition, that's the subclass Archosauria, which includes the crocodiles and thedinosaurs, and the subclass Lepidosauria, which includes only one living order Squamata, butthat's where we find all the rest of the living reptiles.
	www.csupomona.edu /~dfhoyt/classes/zoo138/EXT_REPT.HTML (6075 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates : Anapsida : 200.000 Anapsida Overview
		Palaeos Vertebrates : Anapsida : 200.000 Anapsida Overview
		The term Anapsida ("no arch") originally referred to all those reptile groups that lack skull openings behind the eyes.
		Pleurodires are still found in the Gondwanan continents of Africa and South America, and are the only turtles native to Australia, another Gondwanan land.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/Unit200/000.html (418 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 200.100 Anapsida: Basal Anapsids
		Links: Introduction to the Anapsids; Phylogeny and Classification of Amniotes; Parareptiles; Reptiles - Subclass Anapsida; Anapsida -- The Dinosauricon; ANAPSIDA; Basal Anapsida after Berman et al., 2000, Lee, 1993, 1996 and...
		Characters: Palate without teeth; transverse flange of pterygoid in same plane as palate; dentary and surangular form tall coronoid process; proximal portion of dentary covered by anterior process of prearticular; bulbous, occluding teeth; temporal fenestra long and low, between jugal and squamosal dorsally and quadratojugal ventrally; herbivorous.
		Introduction: The Procolophonia are a group of early herbivorous reptiles that flourished during the Permian to Triassic periods.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/Unit200/100.html (677 words)

	Turtles
		This was very unusual because in general footprints and bones require different conditions for preservation.
		Turtles are the only surviving members of a group of animals called the anapsida.
		In my article "Reptile Skulls", I talked about the different types of skulls seen in reptiles and mammals.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/paleontology/48629 (257 words)

	Turtle information - Search.com
		The first turtles are believed to have existed in the Mesozoic, around 200 million years ago.
		It was believed that they are the only surviving branch of the ancient clade Anapsida, which includes groups such as procolophonoids, millerettids, protorothyrids and pareiasaurs.
		All anapsid skulls lack a temporal opening, while all other extant amniotes have temporal openings (although in mammals the hole has become the zygomatic arch).
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Turtle (2204 words)

	AnimalTrek.com - Diamondback Terrapin turtle Pictures, Information, Wallpaper, Photos
		Turtles are the only surviving branch of the even more ancient clade Anapsida, which includes groups such as the procolophonoids, millerettids and pareiasaurs.
		Re-analysis of prior phylogenies that affirmed an anapsid ancestry suggests that their inclusion of turtles within Anapsida was due to both the starting assumption that they were anapsid (most prior phylogenies concerned what sort of anapsid they were) and also due to insufficiently broad sampling of fossil and extant taxa for construction of the cladogram.
		While the issue is far from resolved, most scientists now lean towards a Diapsid origin for turtles.
	www.animaltrek.com /reptiles/diamondbackterrapinturtle/page2.html (245 words)

	Anapsida: Fossil Record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The oldest known member of Anapsida is Acleistorhinus, a small reptile from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma.
		However, the presence of romeriids (the sister-group, or closest relatives, of anapsids) in the Middle Pennsylvanian indicates that Anapsida originated no later than the Middle Pennsylvanian.
		Therefore, a long hiatus exists in the fossil record of anapsids.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /anapsids/anapsidafr.html (257 words)

	- Reappraising the ''Crown Jewel'' -
		The reptile-to-mammal story begins with what are termed “primitive” amniotes, reptiles belonging to the “stem” subclass Anapsida.
		Though the origin of these first reptiles is technically not a part of the reptile-to-mammal transition, it is noteworthy that their alleged descent from amphibians is not documented in the fossil record.
		Evolutionists believe that synapsids (amniotes having a single temporal opening) evolved from within the Protorothyridae, a family in the order Captorhinida in the subclass Anapsida.
	www.trueorigin.org /therapsd.asp (2380 words)

	ANAPSIDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The best known examples are Parieasaurus and Scutosaurus.
		The MILLERETTIDAE were small insectivorous reptiles that seem to be a specialized set of the anapsida that had developed an extra pair of skull openings.
		They have been found only in South Africa.
	www.dinoruss.org /de_4/5c5ccc1.htm (171 words)

	Skeletal System of the Turtle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The turtle is an important organism in the Class Reptilia, Subclass Anapsida, and Order Chelonia (Testudines).
		The turtle is studied in comparative anatomy because it is the only extant member of the Subclass Anapsida.
		Members of the Subclass Anapsida have no fenestration in the skull.
	campus.murraystate.edu /academic/faculty/terry.derting/anatomyatlas/SkelSysTurtamy-becky.html (253 words)

	the GCTTS Wiki \| Public / Turtle Notes
		The Testudinata is the only surviving order of the subclass Anapsida.
		The Anapsida are characterized by a primitive skull with no temporal openings.
		World wide there are some 12 different families embracing about 250 species.
	gctts.org /WS/WS.php/Public/TurtleNotes (1717 words)

	Anapsida - Dictionnaire Français-Anglais WordReference.com
		We found no English translation for 'Anapsida' in our French to English Dictionary.
		Or did you want to translate 'Anapsida' from English to French?
		Forum discussions with the word(s) 'Anapsida' in the title:
	www.wordreference.com /fren/Anapsida (41 words)

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	horse-earrings.ai-biz.info (938 words)

	Anapsida \| THG Lexikon
		Die Anapsida (auch „Schläfengrubenlose“) sind nach traditioneller Auffassung eine Unterklasse der Reptilien (Reptilia) die sich durch einen massiven Schädel ohne Schädel- bzw.
		Die Amnioten sind in drei Hauptlinien gegliedert, neben den Anapsida sind das die Diapsida und die Synapsida.
		Die Anapsiden erscheinen erstmals in etwa 318 Millionen Jahre alten Ablagerungen des Oberkarbons.
	www.tomshardware.de /lexikon/Anapsida (142 words)

	Online Dictionary for French English, Spanish English, Italian English, and more.
		One-click access to the most convenient and comprehensive dictionary software you can buy.
		Oldest known reptiles: turtles; extinct Permian forms; Also called: subclass Anapsida.
		Without law or control; "the system is economically inefficient and politically anarchic"; 2.
	www.ultralingua.com /onlinedictionary/?service=ee&text=Anapsida (230 words)

	Definition of anapsida - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
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		Visit Britannica.com for more information on "anapsida "
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "anapsida "
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=Anapsida (29 words)

	Teachers as Scholars 2005
		The pattern: All amniotes that are not synapsids are sauropsids.
		All of this diversity breaks down into two large groups, Anapsida and Diapsida plus a few small fossil ones.
		This group contains a number of distinct fossil groups.
	www.geol.umd.edu /~jmerck/tassite/turtles.html (1510 words)

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