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Topic: Anatolian Plate

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1999 Izmit, Turkey Earthquake

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	Anatolian Plate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Anatolian Plate is a continential tectonic plate consisting primarily of the country of Turkey.
		The southerly side is both a convergent boundary and a transform boundary with the African Plate to the west and the Arabian Plate to the east.
		The westerly side is a convergent boundary with the Eurasian Plate as Turkey is being pushed west as it is being squeezed between the Eurasian Plate on the north and both the African Plate and the Arabian Plate on the south.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anatolian_Plate (141 words)

	Finding faults
		While California's quakes result from the intersection of two plates (the North American and the Pacific), Turkey and the Anatolian Plate are being squeezed by three pretty good sized ones: the Eurasian, Arabian and African plates.
		The result is that the Anatolian plate is moving about 30 millimeters per year, relative to the Eurasian plate.
		The movement occurs along the North Anatolian Fault that ruptured this past August, and pushes or rotates the Anatolian plate counterclockwise (to the west).
	www.geology.wisc.edu /courses/g115/quake/4.html (757 words)

	North Anatolian Fault - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The North Anatolian Fault is one of the most energetic earthquake zones in the world.
		Turkey is set on a minor tectonic plate which is being squeezed westwards as the Arabian and the Eurasian plates move together.
		The North Anatolian Plate is grinding past the two plates at a rate between 1cm and 20cm a year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Anatolian_fault (233 words)

	Oral's Abstract
		Given the consistency between GPS and SLR velocities, we have extended the Anatolian plate farther west to include the southern Aegean and Greece.
		Predicted slip on the East Anatolian fault is 18±12955mm/yr.
		Residuals to rigid plate motion in southwestern Turkey and in the southern Aegean indicate the roll-back of the subducted African plate beneath the Hellenic arc induces the extrusion of the Anatolian plate as a whole over the African plate.
	www-eaps.mit.edu /erl/research/theses/abstracts/Oral.html (923 words)

	Aegean micro-plate
		The Greek territory is compressed from the west by the Adriatic plate, from south by the African plate while from the east is compressed by the Anatolian plate.
		This area is separated from the Adriatic plate, the Anatolian plate and the Eurasian plate at boundaries indicated by the thick dashed red line.
		At this plate the CCW rotation of the inner plate of the Aegean region is opposite to the southwest drift of the Aegean as a rigid block and therefore the rotating and drifting velocities are added up, in collision, resulting in a larger deformation velocity.
	www.earthquakeprediction.gr /Aegeanplateen.htm (6999 words)

	Geological Society of America - GSA Today - v. 10, no. 1, January 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The tectonic framework of the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region is dominated by the collision of the Arabian and African plates with Eurasia (e.g., McKenzie, 1970; Jackson and McKenzie, 1988).
		The leading edge of the African plate is being subducted along the Hellenic trench at a higher rate than the relative northward motion of the African plate, requiring that the trench moves southward relative to Eurasia proper (e.g., Sonder and England, 1989; Royden, 1993).
		The North Anatolian fault is a major, right-lateral, continental strike-slip fault that accommodates the westward motion and counterclockwise rotation of Anatolia and extends approximately 1200 km from the Karliova triple junction to the Aegean Sea (Figure 1).
	www.geosociety.org /pubs/gsatoday/gsat0001.htm (2970 words)

	Geological Society of America - GSA Today - v. 10, no. 6, June 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		(2000) explained the inevitability of destructive earthquakes along the North Anatolian transform fault of northern Turkey as a consequence of the westward tectonic escape of the Aegean-Anatolian Plate from a collision zone between the converging African and Eurasian plates (Fig.
		The North Anatolian transform fault forms the northern boundary of the Aegean-Anatolian plate and accommodates its westward escape by dextral strike-slip movement (Fig.
		Instead, the plate boundary fault lies directly beneath the axis of the Marmara Sea, where it is buried by a structurally complex zone of rhombohedral to elongate basins and ridges.
	www.geosociety.org /pubs/gsatoday/gsat0006.htm (2840 words)

	The Earthquake of September 7, 1999 in Athens, Greece - by Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		The eastern Mediterranean basin where the Anatolian plate extends, is one of the world's most intense seismic zones where large destructive earthquakes occur with frequency.
		The geological instability and the resulting earthquakes are caused by the active grinding of the Anatolian plate wedged against the continental plates of Africa, Eurasia and Arabia.
		The 500-mile North Anatolian fault marks the northern boundary of the Anatolian plate grinding against the Eurasian plate.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Earthquake1999Greece.html (1798 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Aegean- Anatolian Plate is moving towards the west at an average rate of around 25 mm/y relative to the adjacent Eurasian Plate.
		The principle behind the application of stress transfer theory is an understanding of the stress regime within the rocks adjacent to a dynamic plate boundary, and the ability to create a mathematical model of how the stress changes when there is sudden movement (an earthquake) along some part of a fault at the boundary.
		One of these is the steady build-up of stress caused by the constant motion of the plates on either side of a locked boundary - known as 'secular' stress.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~earles/anatolian-mar00.htm (973 words)

	LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE IN EASTERN TURKEY
		The East Anatolian Plateau is a region with an average elevation of 2 km exhibiting actively deforming and with widespread Pliocene to recent volcanism.
		The tectonics of Turkey and the Anatolian Plateau can be described as the convergence of three continental plates: The Anatolian sub-plate, the Arabian plate, and the Eurasian plate which form a diverse suit of tectonic boundaries.
		In the east, crustal thickness increases from 40 km in the Northern Arabian plate to 46-48 km in the middle of the Anatolian plateau.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_76021.htm (504 words)

	IRIS Newsletter Volume 2000, No. 1
		Collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates is currently occurring in Eastern Turkey along the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) and the Bitlis suture.
		The North and East Anatolian faults have been active since the Miocene and are associated with large pull-apart basins, such as the Karliova Basin located at the junction of these two fault systems.
		The East Anatolian plateau and Bitlis suture offer a unique and excellent opportunity to understand the early stages of continental collision and its consequences: this understanding is also essential to develop better models for the later stages of this process.
	www.iris.iris.edu /volume2000no1/page-14-16.htm (1693 words)

	GPS measurements of crustal deformation in the Eastern Mediterranean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		However, eastern Turkey and the Caucasus are characterized by distributed deformation while central/western Turkey is characterized by rigid plate motion which results in westward displacement and counter-clockwise rotation of the Anatolian plate.
		The Anatolian plate is de-coupled from Eurasia along the right-lateral, strike-slip North Anatolian fault.
		The contemporary pattern of deformation indicates increasing motions towards the Hellenic arc, suggesting that the westward displacement and counter-clockwise rotation of Anatolia is driven both by "pushing" from the Arabian plate and by "pulling", or basal drag, associated with the foundering African plate along the Hellenic subduction zone.
	www.wdcb.rssi.ru /~victat/GPS/press/paper_gps_15.html (316 words)

	investigation area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Of special interest are the earthquakes occurring along the plate boundaries between the Anatolian, the Arabian and the Eurasian plate.
		The relative northward movement of the Arabian plate causes (i) faulting and uplift in the Caucasus region and (ii) a westward migration of the Anatolian block.
		Recent GPS surveys showed that this "escape" movement is realized by a rotation of the Anatolian micro plate with velocities up to 25 mm per year (Oral, 1994).
	www.gfz-potsdam.de /pb2/pb21/Readiness/area.htm (266 words)

	Journal Contents - On the extension in western Anatolia and the Aegean sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since McKenzie (1972), the migration of the Hellenic arc has been related to the northward push of the Arabian plate, and the interpreted consequent westward escape of the Anatolian plate.
		In particular the Arabia plate shows a direction of motion, which strongly deviates with respect to the N-S direction of the paradigm proposed in the dominant literature for the eastern Mediterranean geodynamics.
		In fact, assuming Africa as a single plate, since Greece is overriding Africa along the Hellenic trench faster than Turkey along the Cyprus arc, it turns out that there is a positive velocity among Greece and Turkey in the hangingwall of the subduction zone.
	www.virtualexplorer.com.au /2002/8/doglioni/paper.html (1405 words)

	ASSESSMENT OF THE URBAN SEISMIC RISK
		The Anatolian region (central Turkey) is moving as an approximately coherent "plate" (internal deformation < 2 mm/yr) and is rotating anti-clockwise about a pole located near the Gulf of Suez.
		by the North Anatolian fault that is characterized by right-lateral a strike-slip at a rate of 23 + 1 mm/yr, and from Arabia by the East Anatolian fault with left lateral slip of 8+ 1 mm/yr.
		The earthquake is associated with a 120-km-long surface rupture that extends from southwest of Düzce in the east to near Karamürsel basin in the west.
	www.neu.edu.tr /earthquake/1.htm (5550 words)

	The Earthquake of November 12, 1999 in Turkey.
		Briefly restated, the North Anatolian fault is a major fracture that transverses the Northern part of Asia Minor and marks the boundary between the Anatolian tectonic plate and the larger Eurasian continental block.
		At least since 1930, when instrumental measurements begun in the area, the Turkish portion of the Anatolian plate is pushing at the rate of about 3 cm/year against the Greek portion of the plate in the vicinity of the Northern Aegean sea near the island of Samothrace.
		The earthquake of November 12, 1999 occurred on the northern branch of NAFZ and broke a 60-80 km segment between Duze and Bolu.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/4870/Earthquake1999Turkey2.html (1911 words)

	Anatolian Plate -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Anatolian Plate is a continential (additional info and facts about tectonic plate) tectonic plate consisting primarily of the (The territory occupied by a nation) country of (A Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923) Turkey.
		The southerly side is both a (additional info and facts about convergent boundary) convergent boundary and a (additional info and facts about transform boundary) transform boundary with the (additional info and facts about African Plate) African Plate to the west and the (additional info and facts about Arabian Plate) Arabian Plate to the east.
		The northerly side is both a (additional info and facts about convergent boundary) convergent boundary and a (additional info and facts about transform boundary) transform boundary with the (additional info and facts about Eurasian Plate) Eurasian Plate forming the (additional info and facts about North Anatolian Fault Zone) North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/anatolian_plate.htm (177 words)

	GEO_PLATE_V-17HTML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		On the west and east sides of the point of convergence near Lake Van are two other plates, the Anatolian and the Iranian, which are considered rnicroplates by some tectonicists.
		The Anatolian Plate is being squeezed westward along the North and East Anatolian transcurrent faults.
		Likewise, the Iranian Plate is being pushed to the southeast along similar faults that pass through the Elburz Mountains north of Tehran and through the suture (Main Recent Fault) of the Zagros Crush Zone.
	geoinfo.amu.edu.pl /wpk/geos/GEO_3/GEO_PLATE_V-17.HTML (771 words)

	The Earthquake and Tsunami of August 17, 1999 in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey - by Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		The North Anatolian fault is a major fracture that transverses the Northern part of Asia Minor and marks the boundary between the Anatolian tectonic plate and the larger Eurasian continental block.
		It appears that most of the seismic strain along this section of the North Anatolian fault was released by the August 17, 1999 earthquake.
		However, given the measurements of 1.5 meter ground displacements in the Akyazi area, versus the larger displacements elsewhere, it is quite possible that not all of the seismic strain was released by this event and that some future seismic event will release the remaining strain.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Tsunami1999Turkey.html (2386 words)

	Cult Kelim Plate Three
		Its somewhat saintly vision is far different from the previous example’s almost sinister and foreboding impression, which conveys that mysterious quality inherent in many Anatolian artifacts.
		Technically, there are some subtle differences; for instance here weft joining is done by dove-tailing (using the same warp thread for color joins) rather than Plate Two’s absence of weft joins and use of color changes done on alternate warp threads, which is typical slit-tapestry.
		The head of the rather supernatural looking human depicted in Plate Two shares many stylistic details with a well-known group of of clay or metal male statuettes from eastern Anatolia that have been recovered from a number of archaeological sites.
	www.weavingartmuseum.org /Pages_ex4/cult_kelim_plate_three.html (439 words)

	The American Museum of Natural History - EarthBulletin - Earthquakes - Geologic Setting
		Most of Turkey lies south of the Anatolian Fault Zone, which marks a huge strike-slip fault that runs east from the Aegean Sea east of Istanbul to the border region of Turkey, Iran, and the Republic of Georgia.
		The North Anatolian fault zone is the result of this westward movement of the Anatolian Plate.
		The southern boundary of the Anatolian Plate is the East Anatolian fault zone.
	earthbulletin.amnh.org /B/4/3 (129 words)

	[No title]
		The right-lateral strike-slip North Anatolian fault, which serves as the boundary between the Eurasian and Anatolian plates, exhibits a sequential rupture pattern, with most of the earthquakes occurring within the first 15 km of the crust.
		The western half of the Anatolian Plate is currently undergoing a North-South extension, where most of the seismic events are shallow and have mainly normal fault movements.
		Using published plate velocities and major fault orientations, fault movements and seismic rupture patterns are simulated and main drivers can be identified.
	www.geol.vt.edu /research/gssrs/gssrs2003/abstracts/snowak.doc (393 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Continental collision and subsequent thickening of the Anatolian crust/lithosphere from vertical planar strain.
		Accommodation of Arabian plate by the escape of micro-plates to the east and west.
		Delamination of an underthrusted portion of the Arabian plate.
	atlas.geo.cornell.edu /turkey/models.html (52 words)

	Columbia News ::: Columbia Scientists Join International Workshop on Earthquake Research
		The movements of the Earth's crust known as plate tectonics are conspiring to squeeze the Anatolian plate westward.
		It is because of the complexity, regional scope and social significance of the North Anatolian Fault system that scientists have decided that a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach must be developed to study it.
		These features are in regions where the background plate tectonic stress is being reoriented, which may lead to important stress concentrations in certain areas.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/news/01/08/intl_workshop_statement.html (1783 words)

	Ali Mehmet Celal Sengor MS thesis abstract
		In the Eastern Mediterranean the North Anatolian Transform and the Turkish-Iranian Plateau were the main objects of study.
		The North Anatolian transform fault is a morphologically distinct and seismically active strike-slip fault which extends for about 1200 km from Karliova to the Gulf of Saros along the Black Sea mountains of N. Anatolia.
		The North Anatolian transform fault seems to have originated as a consequence of the Arabia-Anatolia collision during the late (?middle) Miocene, when the Anatolian Plate originated and was wedged out into the oceanic tract of the E. Mediterranean from the converging jaws of Arabia and Eurasia to prevent excessive crustal thickening in E. Anatolia.
	www.albany.edu /geosciences/sengorms.html (779 words)

	MORPHOTECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF ANATOLIA AND THE SURROUNDING REGIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The peripheral belts of the Eastern Anatolia, the Pontides in the north and the Bitlis Mountains in the south have risen with a higher rate than that of the central part, and consequently reached to an elevation over 3500m.
		Since its development the Anatolian Plate began to escape westward from the point of intersection of the two faults in the Karlýova region of the Eastern Anatolia.
		Such a westward motion of the Anatolian Plate has been transferring the energy stored in the overthickened (>45)cm) east Anatolian crust.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_74761.htm (440 words)

	Eastern Turkey IRIS Report
		This indicates that the escaping Anatolian block is rotating counter-clockwise (Figure 2).
		Moreover, initial analysis of shear wave splitting shows that there is no obvious change in mantle azimuthal anisotropy across the EAFZ (Figure 5); further data and analysis will reveal if this is the case for the eastern portion of the Bitlis Suture as well.
		Sengor, A.M.C., Northern Anatolian fault: its age offset and tectonic significance, J. Geol.
	atlas.geo.cornell.edu /turkey/iris.htm (1934 words)

	Home Page ... <<<SNSN>>> (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Arabian Plate is borders: in the west by the Red Sea and the Dead Sea fault (Syrian-African Rift), which extends between Aquaba Gulf and Escandaron Gulf.
		In the North the Anatolian Plate (Torous mountains).
		The displacement rate of the Arabian Plate was estimates about 1cm/year approximately.
	www.snsn-syria.com (405 words)

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